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White Paper: An Alternative to LVDTs = Lab Quality Linear Measurement Capabilities + Superior Industrial Gauging Performance

SMAC electric gage actuators provide gaging solutions with consistent, fast and precise control of the process.




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Alternative Alloy

According to the company, Ametek Specialty Metal Products (SMP) is set to fill the supply void created by Mitsubishi Electric Metecs Co., Ltd., which ceased production of copper alloys, including MX215 and MX96, in March 2015, with a line of high-performance Pfinodal copper alloys.




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Applied Technologies of New York Hosts Future Fuels Symposium 2023 on Fossil Fuel Alternatives

Future Fuels Symposium 2023 on Fossil Fuel Alternatives will discuss the benefits of hydrogen blends and bio-fuels and related solutions, including a new low nitrogen oxides (NOx) technology and UL-approved burners capable of firing hydrogen blends designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.





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Alternative HVAC Systems Popular in Hospital Applications

While traditional hospital HVAC systems often consist of chillers and boilers, other types of equipment are becoming more widely accepted in the health care market, including variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, air curtains, and geothermal heat pumps. 




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Alternative processing technologies on program at PROCESS EXPO

The Food Processing Suppliers Association (FPSA) today released the details of four sessions of the educational program at PROCESS EXPO 2015 to be presented by speaker Dr. Tatiana Koutchma of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph Food Research Center and www.novelfoodsciences.com.




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Berry Launches Recyclable Alternative to Colored PET Pill Bottles

ClariPPil™ bottles offer enhanced sustainability (reduced carbon footprint and improved recyclability versus a PET container solution) together with excellent functionality, product protection, and aesthetics.




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Sonic Producer - A more affordable alternative to making beats

When I first started getting into recording my own music, I tried every way to find the best free solutions in recording software. I can remember like yesterday, scouring the internet for the most mediocre of recording programs. I would download and use them, but still the results were always limited, and probably because of the times. Now why did I choose to do this? well the reason back then was because I didn't know anything about recording my music, and especially not by way of direct, digital methods, so I didn't want to waste any money at this time.

I can now honestly say that I am a proud owner of Ableton Live, which I use religiously, and would recommend to absolutely anyone. However, the program is a little pricey AND it requires months of experimentation just to get the basics down. Is this recording program worth all the money and effort? yes it is, but a lot of people want something that they can use immediately, without having to spend hundreds of hours devoting their time to reading through training manuals, and investing just as much time by way of trial and error.

I recently found a great solution to this problem. Though this is a guitar
instructional blog, I have no problem talking about recording software or anything related, because recording your own music also benefits the expansion of learning and recording musical art, well....duh!

There is a beat creation program that is now available called Sonic Producer. This beats program, mainly assists a musician in creating music of a hip hop or rap flavor, which you would think would only benefit those who are interested in hip hop music or similar styles. I beg to differ.

I have a drum set, yet I do not have the space, amount of mics, equipment, nor acoustic set up to facilitate the process of recording live drums. This is great if you have a drummer to work with, but if you are an independent guitar player such as myself, and you want an easy solution, then a recording program like Sonic Producer is the way to go.

I do have Ableton Live which is in my opinion the most phenomenal recording program ever to grace the face of the planet, and is pretty much the cream of the crop for beats, but I know that it isn't the cheapest solution. With the release of Sonic Producer, I can seriously say that this is the cheapest solution for creating backing tracks to compose to or jam over that I have ever seen. Sonic Producer contains thousands of samples to work off of, and if you are more traditional, you don't just have to work with new age hip hop beat sounds. Yes, it can deliver exactly what you want, no matter what your style is. Its 30 bucks!!! my God!!

I can't believe this, because anything of this high caliber is always in the multi-hundred dollar price range. I'm really thrilled, because though it can't do what a program such as Reason or Ableton can do, it isn't that far away from the quality of these programs.

I look at it this way, and from the perspective of a mainly lead guitar player - the drums and bass are the bones of the song, and the rhythm guitar is the meat. What's the candy of this operation? lead guitar of course! It doesn't matter what your deal is, you gotta have the bones to make this music thing work. Sure, you can turn the bones into the candy of your masterpiece, but you still gotta have 'em!

There is nothing tastier than creating raw beats to either practice guitar over, or to recording with. How do you think I practice or find inspiration? I gotta have beats and bass!! with my recording program, it takes me five minutes to get a good, basic backing track down. Sometimes I just practice over a set of drum beats, but a lot of times it amounts to a complete song.

I also like the fact that Sonic Producer is so easy to use, and it the necessity of it easily fits in with other plugins or bits of recording software.

If you feel that rhythmic backing tracks are what is lacking in your arsenal, then definitely check out Sonic Producer.






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#383: Cloud Native or Low Code: What, When, Why?

If you listened to our previous episode -- and of course you did! -- you heard a panel discussion of the ins and outs of low code development. In this episode we expand on that initial conversation to bring you a discussion that compares and contrasts low code with cloud native development. 

Returning for this discussion is Joel Kallman, who heads the Oracle development team behind Oracle APEX. Joel is in Columbus, Ohio. Also returning is Oracle ACE Director and Groundbreaker Ambassador Martin Giffy D’Souza. Martin is Director of Innovation at Insum Solutions, and lives in Alberta, Canada. Joining the panel is Oracle ACE Director and Groundbreaker Ambassador Roel Hartman. Roel lives in the Netherlands, where he is Director & Senior APEX Developer at APEX Consulting. Also on the panel is Oracle ACE Director Niels de Bruijn. Niels is Business Unit Manager at MT AG in Cologne, Germany. 

See the complete program show notes.

 




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Emily Jiang Rethinks Microservices and Builds Cloud Native Apps

JavaOne 2022 Speaker Preview

In this conversation Oracle's Jim Grisanzio talks with Java developer and JavaOne 2022 speaker Emily Jiang from the UK.

Emily is a Java Champion and Developer Advocate. She's doing three sessions at JavaOne in October on microservices and cloud native development and she previews them in this discussion. She also talks about her experiences with the Java community and JavaOne. 

JavaOne 2022 from October 17-20 in Las Vegas

Emily Jiang, Developer Advocate, IBM 

Java Development and Community

Duke's Corner Podcast Host

  • Jim Grisanzio, Oracle Java Developer Relations, @jimgris




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Building Cloud Native Applications with Rustam Mehmandarov

JavaOne 2022 Speaker Preview

In this conversation Oracle's Jim Grisanzio talks with JavaOne 2022 speaker Rustam Mehmandarov from Oslo, Norway.

Rustam is a Java Champion and also Chief Engineer at Computas AS in Oslo. In this conversation he previews his three upcoming sessions at JavaOne, which explore building cloud native apps in Java. The discussion also covers Rustam's experiences in the Java community and at various conferences around the world.  

JavaOne 2022 October 17-20 in Las Vegas

Rustam Mehmandarov, Java Champion, Chief Engineer at Computas AS

Java Development and Community

Duke's Corner Podcast Host

  • Jim Grisanzio, Oracle Java Developer Relations, @jimgris




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Josh Long on Fast, Scalable, Cloud Native Services in Java

JavaOne 2022 Speaker Preview

In this conversation Oracle's Jim Grisanzio talks with JavaOne 2022 speaker Josh Long from San Francisco.

Josh is a Java Champion and a Spring Developer Advocate. In this conversation he previews upcoming session on Kubernetes Native Java. He also talks about his experiences becoming a developer and working with the Java community around the world.  

JavaOne 2022 October 17-20 in Las Vegas

Josh Long, Java Champion & Spring Developer Advocate

Java Development and Community

Duke's Corner Podcast Host

  • Jim Grisanzio, Oracle Java Developer Relations, @jimgris




native

The Future of Refrigerants: Essential Guide to Eco-Friendly Alternatives and the Transition Process




native

Resolution 29 - (Rev. Geneva, 2022) - Alternative calling procedures on international telecommunication networks

Resolution 29 - (Rev. Geneva, 2022) - Alternative calling procedures on international telecommunication networks




native

[ E.164 Supplement 1 (03/98) ] - Alternatives for carrier selection and network identification

Alternatives for carrier selection and network identification




native

Rewards and Risks of Alternative Roofing Materials

Roofing contractors sought alternatives during a spate of challenges, a pandemic followed by supply chain disruptions and capped by a spike in inflation. But was it at a price?




native

Designing for Gen Z: What do digital natives really want in a mobile app?

As digital natives, Gen Z -  those aged 10 to 25 - have been surrounded by technology, social media, mobile devices, and the internet their entire lives.  With nearly 40% of mobile users being Gen Zers, they represent the largest consumer group for video content - making them key targets when it comes to designing a successful app.




native

6+1 Alternative Productivity Apps for Your Phone #HWZtechmeup S3 Ep 01

Note: This video was first published on 20 August 2022.

HardwareZone's TechMeUp series returns with a new season, a new host, and a new resolution! In this first episode, Melissa is here to recommend you some of her favourite productivity apps she uses outside of the usual suspects from Google or Apple.




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DNS: The Proven, Eco-Friendly Alternative to Blockchain and NFTs

As the world races towards digital transformation, the technologies we choose will have a lasting impact on our planet. Blockchain, NFTs, and other crypto assets have garnered much attention for their ability to securely and immutably store records. However, the environmental cost of maintaining these technologies is often overlooked. The energy consumption required to sustain blockchains, particularly those using Proof of Work (PoW), is enormous...




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Become a guardian of nature! Learn to rewild with native plants

Restore biodiversity in your community.





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Our energy future : resources, alternatives and the environment

Location: Engineering Library- TJ163.2.N49 2016




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Waste management and valorization : alternative technologies

Location: Engineering Library- TD793.9.W367 2015




native

After fighting phragmites, scientists try to bring native plants back to wetlands

Wetlands managers have spent years using fire and chemicals to fight phragmites, an invasive reed that chokes everything else out. But coaxing native plants to move back in is difficult.




native

NATIVE LEVIES IN MESOPOTAMIA

NATIVE LEVIES IN MESOPOTAMIA



  • The London Times

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City native donates statue of ancient Assyrian ruler

City native donates statue of ancient Assyrian ruler



  • Assyrian Fine Arts Network

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Reinventing the meal: Flint native revives ancient Assyrian...

Reinventing the meal: Flint native revives ancient Assyrian cuisine in new book



  • Assyrian Health Network

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Home economics: The alternative to mortgages with sky-high rates

Mortgage rates are at their highest levels in 22 years and house prices are at record highs. Hardworking people cannot get on the property ladder, and retirees are struggling to sell in order to downsize. The Biden administration has done little to help alleviate the problem. This Washington Examiner series, Home Economics, will investigate how we got here, the toll on people around the country, and the alternatives people are embracing to survive the market. The last part of this four-part series focuses on the alternatives to traditional fixed-rate mortgages gaining new consideration among prospective home buyers.




native

Key takeaways from our investigation into the science behind an alternative autism therapy

Here are the key takeways from The Times' yearlong investigation into the science behind magnetic resonance therapy, or MERT, as a therapy for autism.




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Jim Williams: D.C. native Lindsay Czarniak set to host coverage of Indianapolis 500

Sunday is the single biggest motorsports day in broadcast television history. NBC has the Grand Prix of Monaco at 7 a.m., coverage of the Indianapolis 500 starts at 11 a.m. on ABC and the nightcap at 6 p.m. will be the Coca Cola 600 from Charlotte on Fox. That means over 18 hours of live Formula 1, IndyCar and NASCAR action, making the Memorial Day weekend must-see TV for motorsports fans.




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'It takes away from the Native Americans': Son of Redskins logo designer denounces rebranding

The Washington Redskins branding change isn’t sitting well with everyone.




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Native American organization wants to make ‘Redskins’ name great again

Left-wing activists may have fueled the movement to change the name of Washington’s NFL franchise. However, an indigenous organization known as the Native American Guardian’s Association is trying to resurrect its former moniker and make Washington’s football team the “Redskins” again. Now known as the Commanders, the team changed its name in 2020 to appease a fanatical mob of social justice warriors and white guilt apologists who claimed the name and logo were racist.




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Native American group files lawsuit against Washington Commanders over 'fake' group claims

A Native American group filed a lawsuit against the Washington Commanders after the team alleged the group, which is advocating that the team revert to its "Redskins" title, was "fake."




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Alternative Radio - Sun 7am

THIS WEEK:  Loretta Napoleoni – The ISIS Crisis. Loretta Napoleoni is a leading expert on money laundering and terror financing. She has worked as London correspondent and columnist for La Stampa, La RepubblicaEl País, and Le Monde.




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Alternative Radio - Sun 7am

Alternative Radio is an internationally syndicated, one-hour, weekly radio program, featuring serious interviews with humanitarian and progressive thinkers. Host, David Barsamian.




native

New cycle scheme provides alternative to car use

West Midlands Cycle Hire launched in Wolverhampton and Sutton Coldfield.




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Supreme Court Narrows Ruling for Native American Tribes in Oklahoma

The decision followed a landmark 2020 decision that said much of eastern Oklahoma falls within an Indian reservation, limiting the authority of state prosecutors.




native

Do any Twitter/X alternatives let you upload your archived data yet?

I really gotta get off Twitter/X, but I'd like to have all my data on one service. Have any of the alternate federated services implemented an importer for archived data yet? If not, are there any good third-party ways to do this now?

I looked into this a couple years ago, before I set up my mefi.social Mastodon account. But I only found some GitHub repos with scripts to do things like this, and it looked like doing it on Mastodon, for instance, if you'd already created an account would run the risk of flooding the server you're on with your old posts.

But people have been leaving Twitter/X for a couple years now, and the services have had some time to catch up after the flood of initial interest. Is there a way to import this data? Especially is there a way to do this on Mastodon that won't spam mefi.social? Heh.




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How the LED helped create a high-tech alternative to green screens

LEDs are found in our phones, TVs, lightbulbs and cars, but this technology is also revolutionizing film and television production.




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⁣European alternatives for popular services | European Alternatives




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The Oppenheimer Alternative

Seventy-nine years ago, the era of atomic weapons began with the Trinity test. My novel about J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project is The Oppenheimer Alternatvie, and, in my humble opinion, it’s the best of my 25 novels: “Incredibly realistic: the characters, locations, the era, and even the science. I felt like I was […]




native

One of my favorite native flowers

Native wine-cups (aka purple poppy mallow) bookends. This is one of my favorite native flower, so particularly pleased with how nicely it shows up in bookends.




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Here are water-saving alternatives to grass for your home

The dream of every gardener is to see endless fields of green grass in their backyard. With determination, most gardeners manage to attain this dream, but at a cost. Within no time, there is a need to mow and control weeds. After mowing, it needs watering to grow again. This cycle continues for as long as the gardener wants to enjoy the beauty of green turf.[...]




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Diamonds On A Budget: Affordable Alternatives And Lab-Grown Options

In a world captivated by the glimmer of diamonds, these gems epitomize luxury, romance, and opulence. However, in recent times, traditional diamonds have not only become increasingly costly but also subject to scrutiny due to ethical concerns surrounding their mining. For lovebirds desiring the sparkle without the extravagant price tag, or for ethical buyers, the ... Read more

The post Diamonds On A Budget: Affordable Alternatives And Lab-Grown Options appeared first on Star Two.




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How Native American traditions control wildfires

As wildfires escalate in Western states, authorities are embracing once-outlawed burning practices.




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Cavtat, Croatia Guide: A Quiet Alternative to Dubrovnik

Cavtat, Croatia, might be the biggest surprise of your trip! This peaceful seaside town in the far south of Croatia is so close to Dubrovnik, and yet a world away. If you want to visit Dubrovnik but would rather stay somewhere with a quiet, more relaxing atmosphere — oh, and cheaper, too! — Cavtat (pronounced […]

The post Cavtat, Croatia Guide: A Quiet Alternative to Dubrovnik appeared first on Adventurous Kate.




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A novel method produces native light-harvesting complex II aggregates from the photosynthetic membrane revealing their role in nonphotochemical quenching [Bioenergetics]

Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is a mechanism of regulating light harvesting that protects the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage by dissipating excess absorbed excitation energy as heat. In higher plants, the major light-harvesting antenna complex (LHCII) of photosystem (PS) II is directly involved in NPQ. The aggregation of LHCII is proposed to be involved in quenching. However, the lack of success in isolating native LHCII aggregates has limited the direct interrogation of this process. The isolation of LHCII in its native state from thylakoid membranes has been problematic because of the use of detergent, which tends to dissociate loosely bound proteins, and the abundance of pigment–protein complexes (e.g. PSI and PSII) embedded in the photosynthetic membrane, which hinders the preparation of aggregated LHCII. Here, we used a novel purification method employing detergent and amphipols to entrap LHCII in its natural states. To enrich the photosynthetic membrane with the major LHCII, we used Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking the PSII minor antenna complexes (NoM), treated with lincomycin to inhibit the synthesis of PSI and PSII core proteins. Using sucrose density gradients, we succeeded in isolating the trimeric and aggregated forms of LHCII antenna. Violaxanthin- and zeaxanthin-enriched complexes were investigated in dark-adapted, NPQ, and dark recovery states. Zeaxanthin-enriched antenna complexes showed the greatest amount of aggregated LHCII. Notably, the amount of aggregated LHCII decreased upon relaxation of NPQ. Employing this novel preparative method, we obtained a direct evidence for the role of in vivo LHCII aggregation in NPQ.




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High Resolution Clear Native Electrophoresis for In-gel Functional Assays and Fluorescence Studies of Membrane Protein Complexes

Ilka Wittig
Jul 1, 2007; 6:1215-1225
Research




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Differential compartmental processing and phosphorylation of pathogenic human tau and native mouse tau in the line 66 model of frontotemporal dementia [Molecular Bases of Disease]

Synapse loss is associated with motor and cognitive decline in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, and the cellular redistribution of tau is related to synaptic impairment in tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Here, we examined the cellular distribution of tau protein species in human tau overexpressing line 66 mice, a transgenic mouse model akin to genetic variants of frontotemporal dementia. Line 66 mice express intracellular tau aggregates in multiple brain regions and exhibit sensorimotor and motor learning deficiencies. Using a series of anti-tau antibodies, we observed, histologically, that nonphosphorylated transgenic human tau is enriched in synapses, whereas phosphorylated tau accumulates predominantly in cell bodies and axons. Subcellular fractionation confirmed that human tau is highly enriched in insoluble cytosolic and synaptosomal fractions, whereas endogenous mouse tau is virtually absent from synapses. Cytosolic tau was resistant to solubilization with urea and Triton X-100, indicating the formation of larger tau aggregates. By contrast, synaptic tau was partially soluble after Triton X-100 treatment and most likely represents aggregates of smaller size. MS corroborated that synaptosomal tau is nonphosphorylated. Tau enriched in the synapse of line 66 mice, therefore, appears to be in an oligomeric and nonphosphorylated state, and one that could have a direct impact on cognitive function.




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The US election could create the need for a G7 alternative – without American representation

The US election could create the need for a G7 alternative – without American representation Expert comment jon.wallace

Traditional allies of the US need to find a way to work together on some global policy issues even when the US itself is not engaged. A ‘G6 plus’ group could provide an answer.

When Jamaica pulled out of the nascent West Indies Federation in 1961, Trinidad and Tobago’s then prime minister, Dr Eric Williams, famously said ‘One from ten leaves nought’. In the run up to the US elections on 5 November, the US’s longstanding allies need to ask themselves if the same logic must apply to the G7. 

A Donald Trump victory will result in stark differences between the US and its closest partners on key global economic issues. US allies would no doubt try and persuade the new president to moderate his position, but experience suggests that this will have little, if any, effect.  

They may then want to work around the US, or on a parallel track. But doing so will be very hard unless they have a framework for discussing and developing ideas collectively. Could some form of ‘G6 plus’ forum help?

The role of the G7 today

The G7 no longer acts as a steering group for the global economy. However, it remains a critical forum for the US and its allies to coordinate their efforts to help solve global problems, to defend common Western interests, to resolve internal disputes and to underpin information exchange. 

In the past two years, the G7 has come to be seen by the US and other members as one of the most effective international mechanisms. It has played a critical role coordinating Western efforts to recover from the last pandemic and prepare for future ones.  

It has been pivotal in weakening Russia’s economy following the attack on Ukraine and has acted to strengthen Western economic security and resilience more broadly.  

The G7 has also responded to ‘Global South’ calls for help in dealing with the pandemic aftermath and the Ukraine war. 

Trump’s approach to the G7

The problem is that the G7’s effectiveness depends critically on full US engagement, sometimes as a leader of initiatives (such as the decision to impose an ‘oil price cap’ on Russia in autumn 2022) or as an essential partner. 

If elected, former President Trump is likely to abandon the G7 as an instrument of international economic policy. This is effectively what happened during his first presidency and there are reasons to expect this to be repeated. 

Many of Trump’s international economic policies are highly controversial with US allies, including his apparent determination to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, impose across the board 10-20 per cent tariffs and even punish countries for not using the dollar. His domestic policies, including mass deportation of undocumented immigrants and aggressive deregulation and fiscal easing could lead to further sharp disagreements.  

Furthermore, Trump demonstrates general antipathy towards multilateralism. Under his presidency, US representatives in the G7 and G20 sought to weaken core values and policies that have underpinned international economic cooperation for decades – including the importance of a rules based international system, the IMF’s global safety net role, and the responsibility of the advanced world to assist the poorest countries financially.  

In the event of a second Trump administration, the most likely scenario for the G7 is a repeat of the paralysis of 2017-20.

Other G7 and G20 countries tried to preserve as much as possible of the previous consensus. But in the case of climate change, the only solution was to have a separate text for the US. Critically, such efforts diverted time and attention from the enormous challenges facing the world at the time. 

Trump went through four different G7/G20 Sherpas during his presidency and disowned the final declaration of the 2018 Canadian G7 summit after hundreds of hours of negotiation, and despite previously signing off on the text. The US failed to host a final leaders’ summit, even virtually, during his administration’s G7 presidency.  

Of course, how far Trump carries through his most radical policies will depend, among other things, on the outcome of the Congressional elections and the stance taken by US courts. 

He may also have second thoughts if elected. His first administration sometimes supported significant multilateral economic initiatives, notably the G20’s Debt Service Suspension Initiative and ‘Common Framework’ for debt rescheduling. 

But, in the event of a second Trump administration, the most likely scenario for the G7 is a repeat of the paralysis of 2017-20, which would be even more costly today.

Should Vice President Kamala Harris win on 5 November, the situation should in theory be very different. She will likely continue with President Joe Biden’s collaborative approach to the G7.

Nonetheless, major issues may still arise where America’s allies want to take a fundamentally different approach and need a mechanism to do so. These could include policy on the WTO, de-risking the economic relationship with China, restricting carbon leakage, and regulating US-dominated big tech.  

How should US allies respond?

No US ally will want to be seen to be leading development of a new ‘G6’ that excludes the US. The top priority will be securing the best possible relationship with the incoming president. Political weakness and/or new governments in France, Germany, the UK and Japan will add to this hesitancy.

Any new forum should be described as…intended to coordinate activity among Western economic powers in those areas where the US chooses not to engage.

Any new forum will therefore need to be as low profile as possible. The concept should initially be discussed in private by sherpas from each participating country. Once established, officials should as far as possible meet online. Leaders should only meet online, at least initially.  

Participants should be fully transparent about the forum’s existence and avoid any grand ‘framing’ along the lines of the EU’s ‘strategic autonomy’. Instead, it should be described as a practical, largely technocratic forum intended to coordinate activity among Western economic powers in those areas where the US chooses not to engage. A suitably innocuous name – such as the ‘the sustainable growth club’ could help.

Topics should be limited to those requiring urgent collective global action, such as climate, health, tech governance, development finance and trade – and where the US federal government is not an ‘essential’ partner. Such a forum should not therefore address defence.  




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A combinatorial native MS and LC-MS/MS approach reveals high intrinsic phosphorylation of human Tau but minimal levels of other key modifications [Neurobiology]

Abnormal changes of neuronal Tau protein, such as phosphorylation and aggregation, are considered hallmarks of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Abnormal phosphorylation is thought to precede aggregation and therefore to promote aggregation, but the nature and extent of phosphorylation remain ill-defined. Tau contains ∼85 potential phosphorylation sites, which can be phosphorylated by various kinases because the unfolded structure of Tau makes them accessible. However, methodological limitations (e.g. in MS of phosphopeptides, or antibodies against phosphoepitopes) led to conflicting results regarding the extent of Tau phosphorylation in cells. Here we present results from a new approach based on native MS of intact Tau expressed in eukaryotic cells (Sf9). The extent of phosphorylation is heterogeneous, up to ∼20 phosphates per molecule distributed over 51 sites. The medium phosphorylated fraction Pm showed overall occupancies of ∼8 Pi (± 5) with a bell-shaped distribution; the highly phosphorylated fraction Ph had 14 Pi (± 6). The distribution of sites was highly asymmetric (with 71% of all P-sites in the C-terminal half of Tau). All sites were on Ser or Thr residues, but none were on Tyr. Other known posttranslational modifications were near or below our detection limit (e.g. acetylation, ubiquitination). These findings suggest that normal cellular Tau shows a remarkably high extent of phosphorylation, whereas other modifications are nearly absent. This implies that abnormal phosphorylations at certain sites may not affect the extent of phosphorylation significantly and do not represent hyperphosphorylation. By implication, the pathological aggregation of Tau is not likely a consequence of high phosphorylation.