Propagation-based phase contrast, for example in the form of edge enhancement contrast, is well established within X-ray imaging but is not widely used in neutron imaging. This technique can help increase the contrast of low-attenuation samples but may confuse quantitative absorption measurements. Therefore, it is important to understand the experimental parameters that cause and amplify or dampen this effect in order to optimize future experiments properly. Two simulation approaches have been investigated, a wave-based simulation and a particle-based simulation conducted in McStas [Willendrup & Lefmann (2020). J. Neutron Res. 22, 1–16], and they are compared with experimental data. The experiment was done on a sample of metal foils with weakly and strongly neutron absorbing layers, which were measured while varying the rotation angle and propagation distance from the sample. The experimental data show multiple signals: attenuation, phase contrast and reflection. The wave model reproduces the sample attenuation and the phase peaks but it does not reproduce the behavior of these peaks as a function of rotation angle. The McStas simulation agrees better with the experimental data, as it reproduces attenuation, phase peaks and reflection, as well as the change in these signals as a function of rotation angle and distance. This suggests that the McStas simulation approach, where the particle description of the neutron facilitates the incorporation of multiple effects, is the most convenient way of modeling edge enhancement in neutron imaging.

Neutron diffraction beamlines have traditionally relied on deploying large detector arrays of 3He tubes or neutron-sensitive scintillators coupled with photomultipliers to efficiently probe crystallographic and microstructure information of a given material. Given the large upfront cost of custom-made data acquisition systems and the recent scarcity of 3He, new diffraction beamlines or upgrades to existing ones demand innovative approaches. This paper introduces a novel Timepix3-based event-mode imaging neutron diffraction detector system as well as first results of a silicon powder diffraction measurement made at the HIPPO neutron powder diffractometer at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Notably, these initial measurements were conducted simultaneously with the 3He array on HIPPO, enabling direct comparison. Data reduction for this type of data was implemented in the MAUD code, enabling Rietveld analysis. Results from the Timepix3-based setup and HIPPO were benchmarked against McStas simulations, showing good agreement for peak resolution. With further development, systems such as the one presented here may substantially reduce the cost of detector systems for new neutron instrumentation as well as for upgrades of existing beamlines.

Coherent diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers could enable structural studies of macromolecules at room temperature. This type of experiment could provide a means to study structural dynamics on the femtosecond timescale. However, the diffraction from a single protein is weak compared with the incoherent scattering from background sources, which negatively affects the reconstruction analysis. This work evaluates the effects of the presence of background on the analysis pipeline. Background measurements from the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser were combined with simulated diffraction patterns and treated by a standard reconstruction procedure, including orientation recovery with the expand, maximize and compress algorithm and 3D phase retrieval. Background scattering did have an adverse effect on the estimated resolution of the reconstructed density maps. Still, the reconstructions generally worked when the signal-to-background ratio was 0.6 or better, in the momentum transfer shell of the highest reconstructed resolution. The results also suggest that the signal-to-background requirement increases at higher resolution. This study gives an indication of what is possible at current setups at X-ray free-electron lasers with regards to expected background strength and establishes a target for experimental optimization of the background.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in recent years owing to their exceptional properties. Understanding the intricate relationship between the structure of a material and its properties is crucial for guiding the synthesis and application of these materials. (Scanning) Transmission electron microscopy (S)TEM imaging stands out as a powerful tool for structural characterization at the nanoscale, capable of detailing both periodic and aperiodic local structures. However, the high electron-beam sensitivity of MOFs presents substantial challenges in their structural characterization using (S)TEM. This paper summarizes the latest advancements in low-dose high-resolution (S)TEM imaging technology and its application in MOF material characterization. It covers aspects such as framework structure, defects, and surface and interface analysis, along with the distribution of guest molecules within MOFs. This review also discusses emerging technologies like electron ptychography and outlines several prospective research directions in this field.

X-ray multi-projection imaging (XMPI) is an emerging experimental technique for the acquisition of rotation-free, time-resolved, volumetric information on stochastic processes. The technique is developed for high-brilliance light-source facilities, aiming to address known limitations of state-of-the-art imaging methods in the acquisition of 4D sample information, linked to their need for sample rotation. XMPI relies on a beam-splitting scheme, that illuminates a sample from multiple, angularly spaced viewpoints, and employs fast, indirect, X-ray imaging detectors for the collection of the data. This approach enables studies of previously inaccessible phenomena of industrial and societal relevance such as fractures in solids, propagation of shock waves, laser-based 3D printing, or even fast processes in the biological domain. In this work, we discuss in detail the beam-splitting scheme of XMPI. More specifically, we explore the relevant properties of X-ray splitter optics for their use in XMPI schemes, both at synchrotron insertion devices and XFEL facilities. Furthermore, we describe two distinct XMPI schemes, designed to faciliate large samples and complex sample environments. Finally, we present experimental proof of the feasibility of MHz-rate XMPI at the European XFEL. This detailed overview aims to state the challenges and the potential of XMPI and act as a stepping stone for future development of the technique.

X-ray ghost imaging with a crystal beam splitter has advantages in highly efficient imaging due to the simultaneous acquisition of signals from both the object beam and reference beam. However, beam splitting with a large field of view, uniform distribution and high correlation has been a great challenge up to now. Therefore, a dedicated beam splitter has been developed by optimizing the optical layout of a synchrotron radiation beamline and the fabrication process of a Laue crystal. A large field of view, consistent size, uniform intensity distribution and high correlation were obtained simultaneously for the two split beams. Modulated by a piece of copper foam upstream of the splitter, a correlation of 92% between the speckle fields of the object and reference beam and a Glauber function of 1.25 were achieved. Taking advantage of synthetic aperture X-ray ghost imaging (SAXGI), a circuit board of size 880 × 330 pixels was successfully imaged with high fidelity. In addition, even though 16 measurements corresponding to a sampling rate of 1% in SAXGI were used for image reconstruction, the skeleton structure of the circuit board can still be determined. In conclusion, the specially developed beam splitter is applicable for the efficient implementation of X-ray ghost imaging.

Hard X-ray microscopes with 20–30 nm spatial resolution ranges are an advanced tool for the inspection of materials at the nanoscale. However, the limited efficiency of the focusing optics, for example, a Fresnel zone plate (ZP) lens, can significantly reduce the power of a nanoprobe. Despite several reports on ZP lenses that focus hard X-rays with 20 nm resolution – mainly constructed by zone-doubling techniques – a systematic investigation into the limiting factors has not been reported. We report the structural effects on the focusing and imaging efficiency of 20–30 nm-resolution ZPs, employing a modified beam-propagation method. The zone width and the duty cycle (zone width/ring pitch) were optimized to achieve maximum efficiency, and a comparative analysis of the zone materials was conducted. The optimized zone structures were used in the fabrication of Pt-hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) ZPs. The highest focusing efficiency of the Pt-HSQ-ZP with a resolution of 30 nm was 10% at 7 keV and >5% in the range 6–10 keV, whereas the highest efficiency of the Pt-HSQ-ZP with a resolution of 20 nm was realized at 7 keV with an efficiency of 7.6%. Optical characterization conducted at X-ray beamlines demonstrated significant enhancement of the focusing and imaging efficiency in a broader range of hard X-rays from 5 keV to 10 keV, demonstrating the potential application in hard X-ray focusing and imaging.

To answer significant questions about planetary systems, such as whether our solar system is a rare phenomenon or if life exists on planets other than Earth, NASA should lead a large direct imaging mission – an advanced space telescope – capable of studying Earth-like exoplanets orbiting stars similar to the sun, says a new congressionally mandated report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

The theme of the National Academy of Medicine’s 52nd Annual Meeting, taking place Oct. 16-17, is “Revolutionizing the Biomedical and Health Sciences.” NAM President Victor Dzau discusses challenges and opportunities for the health and medicine research enterprise in the decades ahead.

The new AI-powered Project Market Scanner (PMS) engine helped the developers increase their reach by 65% and the lead-to-impression ratio on its platform by 80%.

Gamers and friends were invited to play atop Magic-themed playmats and taste-test the IHOP's new mana inspired pancake partnership, on the house.

Even in our crowded and highly competitive snack and bakery industry, when excellence emerges, people take notice. Such has been the case for Quinn Snacks and its co-founder and CEO, Kristy Lewis, which have racked up an impressive list of accolades over the past few years

The first-ever color-reveal cupcake and cookie dough pop mixes from Betty Crocker turn green for Elphaba or pink for Glinda.

The company’s goal was to create a treat with the same appearance, taste, and texture profile as its original brownie recipe.

No longer an optional form of advertising, digital marketing has become the norm. 

Many plumbing contractors ask the question: “What is the best way to advertise my business locally?”

According to a white paper authored by venture capital firm ARD Ventures, each fleet vehicle, on average, receives between 30,000 -70,000 impressions daily. 

One of the toughest calls I receive as the owner of a public relations agency specializing in the home services industry is from a plumbing or mechanical business owner asking for my help after they find themselves, or their business, in the middle of a crisis.

There’s no question that the demand for home improvement projects is red hot. 

By now, you may have heard that by July 2023, Google Analytics is shutting down for good, as Google replaces the analytics service with GA4. Why is this happening, and what does it mean for tracking my website analytics?

Let me clue you in on a poorly kept secret: Traditional advertising is expensive. I know, this isn’t exactly shocking. Depending on your market, a month-long rental of a billboard could cost five figures. A week’s worth of 15-second radio ads can run up to $8,000 — and that doesn’t include the cost of producing them. And television? Forget it.

National PPE manufacturer and distributor Magid has partnered with flame-resistant (FR) PPE and apparel company CarbonX to co-brand a line of FR garments that they’re calling Magid® FR by CarbonX®.

Flame-resistant cooling gaiter and towel.

A soft construction goggle for a comfortable fit. 

With close to 100,000 licensed businesses in the City of Chicago alone, Magid was one of only 196 businesses to make this list.

In June, Swoon brought Barbiecore to the beverage aisle with the limited-edition release of Barbie x Swoon Pink Lemonade. That partnership led to the zero-sugar brand experiencing its highest monthly volume sales.

Imagining the Indian explores the impact that stereotyping and marginalization of Native history have had on Native people. It chronicles the long social movement to eliminate mascoting. KC area interviews are included in the documentary.

RIMPAC, which marks its 28th anniversary this year, is a drill conducted by the U.S. Navy to enhance the ability to protect maritime routes and interoperate allies' military capabilities among Pacific island countries

Dr. Rafael J. Magiera specializes in teaching English as a second or foreign language with Triton College

Live Cell Instrument (LCI) is a highly experienced company specialized in developing and manufacturing scientific instruments and laboratory consumables to the bio industry.

Imaginet supports two great pool players for the Predator 10-ball Championship

With up to 76 processing threads, the Intel Xeon W-3300 series processor offers incredible multi-threaded CPU performance to accelerate CPU-based visualization, simulation, rendering and similar workloads

Under the guidance of Dr. Melissa and Dr. Jeremy, Magic Fox Orthodontics is on a mission to transform smiles with precision, affordability, and comfort.

Enhancing Smiles, Enriching Lives: Discover Magic Fox Orthodontics' Comprehensive and Cost-Effective Solutions for Every Smile in Huntington Beach

Mr. Griff channels years of varied expertise into his work with Massachusetts General Hospital

SaintView PACS, a quick and accurate system to integrate with medical AI

A Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) is a 3D X-ray technology that allows the implant surgeon visualize a patient's jaw bone three dimensionally in order to accurately measure the width and length of the implants and replace the missing teeth.

The format change to Loud Media's WABY brings 90s and 2000s hard rock to the airwaves in the Capitol Region on its new frequency, 93.9 FM

Drug discovery and development through live cell imaging

Exotic India Art is a renowned e-commerce platform that has been serving its customers all over the globe for decades by offering them a wide range of mesmerizing Home Decor delights.

Collaboration in Action: Debt Collection in the Digital Age Webinar

Advanced technology to help grow your business in 2023.

The Napoleon Group (http://www.napny.com) -- the leading pre-viz and post production studio led by Founder Marty Napoleon and President Douglas Miller - has created a one-of-a-kind contemporary office design and technology infrastructure.

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