This manuscript has been withdrawn by the Author.

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the progression of obesity-related metabolic disorders, including T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, whether BCAAs disrupt the homeostasis of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains unknown. In this study, we observed that BCAAs supplementation significantly reduced high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation while increasing the plasma lipid levels and promoting muscular and renal lipid accumulation. Further studies demonstrated that BCAAs supplementation significantly increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and suppressed hepatic lipogenesis in HF diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. These phenotypes resulted from severe attenuation of Akt2 signaling via mTORC1- and mTORC2-dependent pathways. BCAAs/branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) chronically suppressed Akt2 activation through mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling and promoted Akt2 ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation through the mTORC2 pathway. Moreover, the E3 ligase Mul1 played an essential role in BCAAs/BCKAs-mTORC2-induced Akt2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We also demonstrated that BCAAs inhibited hepatic lipogenesis by blocking Akt2/SREBP1/INSIG2a signaling and increased hepatic glycogenesis by regulating Akt2/Foxo1 signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate that in DIO mice, BCAAs supplementation resulted in serious hepatic metabolic disorder and severe liver insulin resistance: insulin failed to not only suppress gluconeogenesis but also activate lipogenesis. Intervening BCAA metabolism is a potential therapeutic target for severe insulin-resistant disease.

London : Longmans, Green, 1865-1869.

The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many safety-critical applicationshas motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. In thiscontext, verification involves proving or disproving that an NN model satisfies certaininput-output properties. Despite the reputation of learned NN models as black boxes,and the theoretical hardness of proving useful properties about them, researchers havebeen successful in verifying some classes of models by exploiting their piecewise linearstructure and taking insights from formal methods such as Satisifiability Modulo Theory.However, these methods are still far from scaling to realistic neural networks. To facilitateprogress on this crucial area, we exploit the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MIP) formulation of verification to propose a family of algorithms based on Branch-and-Bound (BaB). We show that our family contains previous verification methods as special cases.With the help of the BaB framework, we make three key contributions. Firstly, we identifynew methods that combine the strengths of multiple existing approaches, accomplishingsignificant performance improvements over previous state of the art. Secondly, we introducean effective branching strategy on ReLU non-linearities. This branching strategy allows usto efficiently and successfully deal with high input dimensional problems with convolutionalnetwork architecture, on which previous methods fail frequently. Finally, we proposecomprehensive test data sets and benchmarks which includes a collection of previouslyreleased testcases. We use the data sets to conduct a thorough experimental comparison ofexisting and new algorithms and to provide an inclusive analysis of the factors impactingthe hardness of verification problems.

Daniela Bertacchi, Fabio Zucca.

Source: Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics, Volume 34, Number 2, 426--438.

Abstract:
Given a branching random walk on a set $X$, we study its extinction probability vectors $mathbf{q}(cdot,A)$. Their components are the probability that the process goes extinct in a fixed $Asubseteq X$, when starting from a vertex $xin X$. The set of extinction probability vectors (obtained letting $A$ vary among all subsets of $X$) is a subset of the set of the fixed points of the generating function of the branching random walk. In particular here we are interested in the cardinality of the set of extinction probability vectors. We prove results which allow to understand whether the probability of extinction in a set $A$ is different from the one of extinction in another set $B$. In many cases there are only two possible extinction probability vectors and so far, in more complicated examples, only a finite number of distinct extinction probability vectors had been explicitly found. Whether a branching random walk could have an infinite number of distinct extinction probability vectors was not known. We apply our results to construct examples of branching random walks with uncountably many distinct extinction probability vectors.

Bastien Mallein.

Source: Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics, Volume 33, Number 2, 356--373.

Abstract:
Consider a supercritical branching random walk on the real line. The consistent maximal displacement is the smallest of the distances between the trajectories followed by individuals at the $n$th generation and the boundary of the process. Fang and Zeitouni, and Faraud, Hu and Shi proved that under some integrability conditions, the consistent maximal displacement grows almost surely at rate $lambda^{*}n^{1/3}$ for some explicit constant $lambda^{*}$. We obtain here a necessary and sufficient condition for this asymptotic behaviour to hold.

Jason Xu, Samson Koelle, Peter Guttorp, Chuanfeng Wu, Cynthia Dunbar, Janis L. Abkowitz, Vladimir N. Minin.

Source: The Annals of Applied Statistics, Volume 13, Number 4, 2091--2119.

Abstract:
Single-cell lineage tracking strategies enabled by recent experimental technologies have produced significant insights into cell fate decisions, but lack the quantitative framework necessary for rigorous statistical analysis of mechanistic models describing cell division and differentiation. In this paper, we develop such a framework with corresponding moment-based parameter estimation techniques for continuous-time, multi-type branching processes. Such processes provide a probabilistic model of how cells divide and differentiate, and we apply our method to study hematopoiesis , the mechanism of blood cell production. We derive closed-form expressions for higher moments in a general class of such models. These analytical results allow us to efficiently estimate parameters of much richer statistical models of hematopoiesis than those used in previous statistical studies. To our knowledge, the method provides the first rate inference procedure for fitting such models to time series data generated from cellular barcoding experiments. After validating the methodology in simulation studies, we apply our estimator to hematopoietic lineage tracking data from rhesus macaques. Our analysis provides a more complete understanding of cell fate decisions during hematopoiesis in nonhuman primates, which may be more relevant to human biology and clinical strategies than previous findings from murine studies. For example, in addition to previously estimated hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal rate, we are able to estimate fate decision probabilities and to compare structurally distinct models of hematopoiesis using cross validation. These estimates of fate decision probabilities and our model selection results should help biologists compare competing hypotheses about how progenitor cells differentiate. The methodology is transferrable to a large class of stochastic compartmental and multi-type branching models, commonly used in studies of cancer progression, epidemiology and many other fields.

Pasha Tkachov.

Source: Bernoulli, Volume 26, Number 2, 1354--1380.

Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to prove stability of traveling waves for integro-differential equations connected with branching Markov processes. In other words, the limiting law of the left-most particle of a (time-continuous) branching Markov process with a Lévy non-branching part is demonstrated. The key idea is to approximate the branching Markov process by a branching random walk and apply the result of Aïdékon [ Ann. Probab. 41 (2013) 1362–1426] on the limiting law of the latter one.

To view more press releases, please visit http://www.snl.com/irweblinkx/news.aspx?iid=1024452.

Segway-Ninebot hopes the new vehicles will appeal to urban dwellers. Pricing and launch dates have yet to be announced, but expect more details at CES next month.

To view more press releases, please visit http://ir.wintrust.com/news.aspx?iid=1024452.

Georgetown --

Location: US 113 Northbound/Southbound at Wood Branch Road, Georgetown.

Dates and Times: 6:30 a.m. until 6:30 p.m., Weekdays

Monday, March 30, 2020 until Thursday, April 9, 2020, pending weather.

Traffic Information: DelDOT announces to motorists to anticipate daytime lane closures on US 113 for paving of the southbound turn-lane at Wood Branch Road. [More]

Ellendale --

The Department of Transportation (DelDOT) announces that their contractor will be replacing the deteriorating corrugated metal pipes with reinforced concrete pipes.

7:00 a.m. on Monday, May 4, 2020 until 5:00 p.m. on Friday, June 5, 2020, pending weather

Maple Branch Road (Culvert over Maple Marsh and Beaver Dam Branch) between West Robbins Road and Redden Road.

Detour Routes:

West Robbins Road Southbound: Motorists will continue onto West Robbins Road and turn right onto Redden Road and turn right to return to Maple Branch Road. [More]

DOVER – The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control recently acquired 41 acres of land adjacent to the Fork Branch Nature Preserve in Dover. The property includes agricultural fields, wetlands and young forest, and adds to the only nature preserve within a municipal boundary in Delaware. The new acquisition is located at the […]

Crime Branch : ક્યાંક ગાડીઓ ની ચોરી તો ક્યાંક અપહરણ, તો ક્યાંક ફેસબૂક પાર કોઈ છેતરાયું

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Crime Branch : જમાઈ બન્યો જમ, બુટલેગરો બેફામ, લગ્નવાંચ્છુકો સાવધાન

Crime Branch: 8 હજાર જમા કરાવો અને ગાડી મેળવો, નકલી માર્કશીટનું કૌભાંડ

Crime Branch : ફિટનેસ સેન્ટરમાં ગુજાર્યો રેપ !, ચોરી માટે ખેતર કર્યું ભાડે

Crime Branch: એક ઠપકો અને મળ્યું મોત, જન્મદાતા બન્યો હવસખોર

Crime Branch : માનવ તસ્કરીનો પર્દાફાશ, યોગી કે ભોગી ?

Crime Branch: પહેલા કરી મિત્રતા... લગ્નની લાલચ આપી ગુજાર્યો બળાત્કાર

Crime Branch: કોણે આપી સરપ્રાઈઝ ? કોણે આપી ધમકી ?

Crime Branch: ભત્રીજો બન્યો સગા કાકા માટે યમરાજ, ઘરકંકાસ એટલી હદે વધ્યો કે...

The Supreme Court’s decision in Zurich Insurance PLC UK Branch v International Energy Group Limited provides some clarity to the position of Clubs who face long-tail work related illness claims where multiple employers or insurers were involve...

Peter J. Edmunds and Scott C. Burgess

Experiments with coral fragments (i.e. nubbins) have shown that net calcification is depressed by elevated P_CO2. Evaluating the implications of this finding requires scaling of results from nubbins to colonies, yet the experiments to codify this process have not been carried out. Building from our previous research demonstrating that net calcification of Pocillopora verrucosa (2–13 cm diameter) was unaffected by P_CO2 (400 and 1000 µatm) and temperature (26.5 and 29.7°C), we sought generality to this outcome by testing how colony size modulates P_CO2 and temperature sensitivity in a branching acroporid. Together, these taxa represent two of the dominant lineages of branching corals on Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Two trials conducted over 2 years tested the hypothesis that the seasonal range in seawater temperature (26.5 and 29.2°C) and a future P_CO2 (1062 µatm versus an ambient level of 461 µatm) affect net calcification of an ecologically relevant size range (5–20 cm diameter) of colonies of Acropora hyacinthus. As for P. verrucosa, the effects of temperature and P_CO2 on net calcification (mg day^–1) of A. verrucosa were not statistically detectable. These results support the generality of a null outcome on net calcification of exposing intact colonies of branching corals to environmental conditions contrasting seasonal variation in temperature and predicted future variation in P_CO2. While there is a need to expand beyond an experimental culture relying on coral nubbins as tractable replicates, rigorously responding to this need poses substantial ethical and logistical challenges.