Title: Thunderstorms Can Trigger Asthma Flares, Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Asthma Inhalers Incorrectly Used by Most Kids in Study
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pick Summer Camps Carefully When Your Kid Has Allergies, Asthma
Category: Health News
Created: 2/29/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/2/2020 12:00:00 AM

For decades inhaled corticosteroids have been central to the management of asthma and are proven to be effective in maintaining symptom control, reducing exacerbations and preserving quality of life through mediation of airway inflammation. However, a small minority of patients have disease which is refractory to high dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy and require additional oral corticosteroids to achieve acceptable control of symptoms and exacerbations. Severe asthma represents less than 10% of the total asthma population [1] but is the most serious, life-affecting and costly form of the condition [2].

Introduction

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) achieve disease control in the majority of asthmatic patients, although adherence to prescribed ICS is often poor. Patients with severe eosinophilic asthma may require treatment with oral corticosteroids (OCS) and/or biologic agents such as mepolizumab. It is unknown if ICS adherence changes on, or alters clinical response to, biologic therapy.

Key Points

Cinnamaldehyde (Cin), a bioactive cinnamon essential oil from traditional Chinese medicine herb Cinnamomum cassia, has been reported to have multipharmacological activities including anti-inflammation. However, its role and molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity in musculoskeletal tissues remains unclear. Here, we first investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of Cin in human synoviocyte cells. Then in vivo therapeutic effect of Cin on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) also studied. Cell Counting Kit ‎CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate the cell cytotoxicity. Proinflammatory cytokine expression was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. Protein expression was measured by western blotting. The in vivo effect of Cin (75 mg/kg per day) was evaluated in rats with CIA by gavage administration. Disease progression was assessed by clinical scoring, radiographic, and histologic examinations. Cin significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-1β–induced IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α release from human synoviocyte cells. The molecular analysis revealed that Cin impaired IL-6–induced activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and STAT3 signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3, without affecting NF-B pathway. Cin reduced collagen-induced swollen paw volume of arthritic rats. The anti-inflammation effects of Cin were associated with decreased severity of arthritis, joint swelling, and reduced bone erosion and destruction. Furthermore, serum IL-6 level was decreased when Cin administered therapeutically to CIA rats. Cin suppresses IL-1β–induced inflammation in synoviocytes through the JAK/STAT pathway and alleviated collagen-induced arthritis in rats. These data indicated that Cin might be a potential traditional Chinese medicine–derived, disease-modifying, antirheumatic herbal drug.

Eligibility criteria for a biologic treatment for severe asthma include poor disease control despite a full medication plan according to Global Initiative for Asthma steps 4–5 [1]. Adherence to inhaled therapy should be verified as part of that prescription requirement [2]. In fact, it has been demonstrated that poor adherence is a major cause of uncontrolled asthma, regardless of its severity [3]. Furthermore, biologics do not exert a disease-modifying effect [4]; in contrast to allergen immunotherapy, which is able to permanently modulate the way the immune system reacts to allergens beyond the immunotherapy treatment course [5], biologic therapy withdrawal usually leads to asthma relapse [4]. Thus, a low adherence rate to inhaled treatment in patients undergoing biologic therapy raises some issues related to sustainability.

Yan Xing, Hongling Wei, Xiumei Xiao, Zekun Chen, Hui Liu, Xiaomei Tong, and Wei Zhou

Infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) have a high risk of developing bronchial asthma in childhood, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to disclose the role of vascular non-inflammatory molecule 1 (vannin-1, encoded by the Vnn1 gene) and its downstream signaling in IUGR asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin. Significant histological alterations and an increase of vannin-1 expression were revealed in IUGR asthmatic mice, accompanied by elevated methylation of Vnn1 promoter regions. In IUGR asthmatic mice, we also found (i) a direct binding of HNF4α and PGC1α to Vnn1 promoter by ChIP assay; (ii) a direct interaction of HNF4α with PGC1α; (iii) upregulation of phospho-PI3K p85/p55 and phospho-Akt^Ser473 and downregulation of phospho-PTENT^yr366, and (iv) an increase in nuclear NFB p65 and a decrease in cytosolic IB-α. In primary cultured bronchial epithelial cells derived from the IUGR asthmatic mice, knockdown of Vnn1 prevented upregulation of phospho-Akt^Ser473 and an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TGF-β production. Taken together, we demonstrate that elevated vannin-1 activates the PI3K/Akt/NFB signaling pathway, leading to ROS and inflammation reactions responsible for asthma occurrence in IUGR individuals. We also disclose that interaction of PGC1α and HNF4α promotes methylation of Vnn1 promoter regions and then upregulates vannin-1 expression.

BackgroundIn the context of a variable condition such as asthma, patient recognition of deteriorating control and knowing what prompt action to take is crucial. Yet, implementation of recommended self-management strategies remains poor.AimTo explore how patients with asthma and parents/carers of children with asthma develop and establish recommended self-management strategies for living with asthma, and how clinicians can best support the process.Design and settingA qualitative study in UK primary care.MethodPatients with asthma and parents/carers of children with asthma from 10 general practices were purposively sampled (using age, sex, and duration of asthma) to participate in focus groups or interviews between May 2016 and August 2016. Participants’ experiences of health care, management of asthma, and views on supported self-management were explored. Interviews and focus group sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Iterative thematic analysis was conducted, guided by the research questions and drawing on habit theory in discussion with a multidisciplinary research team.ResultsA total of 49 participants (45 patients; 4 parents/carers) took part in 32 interviews and five focus groups. Of these, 11 reported using an action plan. Patients learnt how to self-manage over time, building knowledge from personal experience and other sources, such as the internet. Some regular actions, for example, taking medication, became habitual. Dealing with new or unexpected scenarios required reflective abilities, which may be supported by a tailored action plan.ConclusionPatients reported learning intuitively how to self-manage. Some regular actions became habitual; dealing with the unexpected required more reflective cognitive skills. In order to support implementation of optimal asthma self- management, clinicians should consider both these aspects of self-management and support, and educate patients proactively.

A 40-year-old, male non-smoker was diagnosed with asthma 6 years ago. He now presents with a 1-week history of worsening breathlessness with fever, cough, and purulent expectoration. He has had >10 emergency department visits and two admissions to hospital in the last 3 months. At each admission, he received bronchodilators and systemic steroids resulting in rapid improvement within 24 h. However, in the current presentation, the patient has no relief with corticosteroids and bronchodilators. His pulse is 140 per min, respiratory rate is 40 per min, blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg and room air oxygen saturation is 80%. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis shows hypercapnic respiratory failure. In view this respiratory failure, the patient is intubated and mechanical ventilation initiated. A chest radiograph is shown in figure 1. The therapy initiated includes bronchodilators, a systemic steroid, antibiotics and supportive care.

'My chest is very tight, it's hard to breathe': More children like Lincon are suffering from asthma as dust storms roll through NSW in the drought.

Eight new medicines recommended for approval

The Department announced a settlement agreement with The Children’s House Inc. of Broadview Heights, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, to provide services for children with asthma as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

Good news: The ban on CFC-based asthma inhalers is rapidly approaching. Inhalers are going green and by December 31, all inhalers must be powered by hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) instead of the ozone-harming chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Having trouble breathing? It may be because of where you live. The 2012 Asthma Capitals list is out. Is your city on the list?

Perhaps having kids cooking with gas is not such a good idea after all.

Building Bridges for Asthma Care is a GSK-funded school-based collaboration that addresses the risk of asthma-related absenteeism and its impact on academic achievement for inner city students.

Eating yogurt may help reduce chronic inflammation, a factor in bowel disease, arthritis and asthma, according to a study. The research, published in the Journal of Nutrition, explored the hypothesis that yogurt may help reduce inflammation by improving the integrity of the intestinal lining. This could help prevent endotoxins - pro-inflammatory molecules produced by gut microbes - from crossing into the blood stream.

"I wanted to look at the mechanism more closely and look specifically at yogurt," said Brad Bolling, an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the US. While anti-inflammatory medications like aspirin, naproxen, hydrocortisone and prednisone can help mitigate the effects of chronic inflammation, each comes with its own risks and side effects.

The study enrolled 120 premenopausal women, half obese and half non-obese. Half of the participants were assigned to eat 12 ounces of low-fat yogurt every day for nine weeks; a control group ate non-dairy pudding for nine weeks. Bolling and his team took fasting blood samples from participants and evaluated an assortment of biomarkers that scientists have used over the years to measure endotoxin exposure and inflammation.

The results showed that while some of the biomarkers remained steady over time, the yogurt-eaters experienced significant improvements in certain key markers, such as TNF, an important inflammation-activating protein. "The results indicate that ongoing consumption of yogurt may be having a general anti-inflammatory effect," said Bolling.

The research focuses on a different aspect of the study. Participants were also involved in a high-calorie meal challenge at the beginning and end of their nine-week dietary intervention. The challenge, meant to stress an individual's metabolism, started with either a serving of yogurt or non-dairy pudding followed by a large high-fat, high-carb breakfast meal. "It was two sausage muffins and two hash browns, for a total of 900 calories. But everybody managed it. They'd been fasting, and they were pretty hungry," Bolling said.

For both challenges, blood work showed that the yogurt "appetizer" helped improve some key biomarkers of endotoxin exposure and inflammation as participants digested the meal over the ensuing hours. It also helped improve glucose metabolism in obese participants, by speeding the reduction of post-meal blood glucose levels.

"Eating eight ounces of low-fat yogurt before a meal is a feasible strategy to improve post-meal metabolism and thus may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases," said Ruisong Pei, a postdoctoral researcher at UW-Madison.

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Representational Image

Exposure to ozone (O3) -- a common air pollutant -- at birth may increase the risk of developing asthma by age three, a new study suggests.

The study, presented at the 2018 American Thoracic Society International Conference, showed that 31 per cent of the participants developed asthma, 42 per cent had allergic rhinitis and 76 per cent had eczema.

"Our findings show that the hazard ratios for ozone measured at birth as a single pollutant showed statistically significant higher risks for development of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema," said lead author Teresa To from The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Canada.

The study also found that 82 per cent higher risk of developing asthma was associated with each 10 parts per billion (ppb), or ppb increase in exposure to ozone at birth.

For the study, 1,881 children were recruited who were followed from birth to 17 years of age, on average.

According to the researchers, children are at a higher risk because their lungs and other respiratory organs are smaller, and they spend more time in outdoor physical activities that make them breathe faster and more deeply.

The research team took annual average concentrations of pollutants from fixed monitoring stations.

Development of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were determined based on any records of health services used for these conditions.

The researchers adjusted for variables such as parental history of asthma and early home exposure to pollutants.

Earlier, some studies have shown that ozone depletes antioxidant activity and increases indications of inflammation in the respiratory tract fluid lining and affects lung growth.

"Air pollution isn't only one or a few countries' problems, but rather a global public health concern," said To, also a professor at the University of Toronto.

"While there are individual actions one can consider to reduce exposure to air pollutants, it also requires action by public authorities at the national, regional and international levels," she noted.

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The family of an asthma patient put him on a handcart when the ambulance did not turn up, but failed to save his life with policemen on the way to hospital and doctors there allegedly ignoring his plight. Both police and medical authorities denied their alleged negligence which the family said led to the death Monday of vegetable vendor Satish Agrawal, who lived in curfew-bound Faithagadi in Kota's Rampura area. Agrawal was carried about half the way to MBS Hospital on the cart from which he sold vegetables, before a private ambulance arrived.

"As none of the ambulance services responded, I put my father on his vegetable cart and started for the hospital over two and a half kilometres away from home," he said. "Though policemen on the way removed barricades at various intersections on the curfew-bound road, none of them thought of helping us and rushing my father in a police vehicle to the hospital," Manish told PTI.

"After Manish had covered over a kilometre till Nayapura circle on the way to MBS Hospital, I somehow managed to hire a private ambulance," another relative said. "Even at the hospital, we were made to shuttle from one room to another and to a makeshift clinic outside the hospital building before doctors eventually attended on him and declared him dead at 2.30 pm," he said.

MBS Hospital's medical superintendent Dr Naveen Saxena, however, refuted the allegation. "Satish Agrawal was brought to the hospital in a collapsed condition and a doctor immediately examined him in room 125 and declared him brought dead," he said. "Sometime later, the family members of the victim, however, said the patient's heart was still beating, following which Dr Lokesh Suwalka re-examined him and conducted an ECG," Dr Saxena said.

"The medical staff did not delay in the treatment," he asserted. On the unavailability of an ambulance, he said the service is managed by the chief medical and health officer. The officer could not be contacted for comment. Kota's Assistant Superintendent of Police Dilip Saini too rejected the family's allegation about policemen ignoring the plight of the patient being carted to a hospital on a handcart.

"It is hypothetical to say that the policemen did not help. The policemen in the area did not have any vehicle or an ambulance, which could have been summoned only from a hospital or the ambulance service numbers 104 or 108," said Saini.

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Highlights: Eating a plant-based diet or a vegetarian diet can help reduce asthma symptoms Adding plenty o

Highlights : World Asthma Day is observed every year on the first Tuesday of May The day aims to create awareness a

X-ray CT scanning helps to quantify the tiny microstructures of individual particles from the drug products used for asthma at the nano-scale, according

Youths and young adults born to parents with HIV but remained uninfected themselves still face a greatly heightened risk of obesity and asthma-like symptoms.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy raises the incidence of asthma in their kids later in life, reports a new study. The findings of the study are published in the iEuropean Respiratory Journal/i.

Angela Schlegel from London was taken to hospital with coronavirus. She was diagnosed with the potentially fatal eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)

The teen passed away on November 5 and was laid to rest on Friday, November 8. Her family told the New York Post that she had suffered a fatal asthma attack.

Broadway theaters dimmed the lights on their marquees on Friday in honor of Laurel Griggs, as fellow actors took to social media to pay tribute to the 13-year-old star who died of asthma.

Yale University will begin a clinical trial to test the safety and effectiveness of asthma drug ibudilast after it was found to reduce lung inflammation caused by coronavirus in mouse models.

अस्थमा के मरीजों को अपने खानपान को लेकर सतर्क रहना चाहिए क्योंकि कई ऐसी चीजे हैं, जो अस्थमा के मरीजों की तकलीफ बढ़ा सकती हैं.

Symptoms of exercise-induced asthma during or following exercise include chest tightness or pain, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, underperformance or poor performance on the field, fatigue and prolonged recovery time.

The theme for World Asthma Day 2020 is ‘Enough Asthma Deaths’. Read below to know more about his ailment.

Every year on 5 May, World Asthma Day is observed to increase awareness about asthma and how to keep it under control. World Asthma Day event is annually organised by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). The theme for World Asthma

Asthma is a respiratory disease caused by the inflammation of airways in the lungs. This causes breathing difficulties, coughing and wheezing. Certain allergens can trigger inflammation in the airways that can increase the risk of an asthma attack. In order

World Asthma Day is observed every year on the first Tuesday of May. World Asthma Day 2020 falls on 5 May. The annual observance is organised by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), with the aim of raising awareness, care and

World Asthma Day is observed every year on the first Tuesday of May. World Asthma Day 2020 falls on 5 May. The annual observance is organised by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), with the aim of raising awareness, care and

Every year on 5 May, World Asthma Day is observed to increase awareness about asthma and how to keep it under control. World Asthma Day event is annually organised by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). The theme for World Asthma

Asthma is a respiratory disease caused by the inflammation of airways in the lungs. This causes breathing difficulties, coughing and wheezing. Certain allergens can trigger inflammation in the airways that can increase the risk of an asthma attack. In order

Online Resource

Interview with Janet T. Holbrook, MPH, PhD, author of Lansoprazole for Children With Poorly Controlled Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Interview with Dana P. Goldman, PhD, author of Out-of-Pocket Medication Costs and Use of Medications and Health Care Services Among Children With Asthma

Interview with William J. Calhoun, MD, author of Comparison of Physician-, Biomarker-, and Symptom-Based Strategies for Adjustment of Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy in Adults With Asthma: The BASALT Randomized Controlled Trial

Interview with Mario Castro, MD, author of Effect of Vitamin D₃ on Asthma Treatment Failures in Adults With Symptomatic Asthma and Lower Vitamin D Levels