Exiting low inflation traps by "consensus": nominal wages and price stability - Speech by Luiz A Pereira da Silva and Benoît Mojon, based on the keynote speech at the Eighth High-level Policy Dialogue between the Eurosystem and Latin American Central Banks, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 28-29 November 2019.

To determine whether Cav1.2 voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels contribute to astrocyte activation, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the Cav1.2 α subunit was deleted in GFAP-positive astrocytes. This astrocytic Cav1.2 knock-out mouse was tested in the cuprizone model of myelin injury and repair which causes astrocyte and microglia activation in the absence of a lymphocytic response. Deletion of Cav1.2 channels in GFAP-positive astrocytes during cuprizone-induced demyelination leads to a significant reduction in the degree of astrocyte and microglia activation and proliferation in mice of either sex. Concomitantly, the production of proinflammatory factors such as TNFα, IL1β and TGFβ1 was significantly decreased in the corpus callosum and cortex of Cav1.2 knock-out mice through demyelination. Furthermore, this mild inflammatory environment promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells maturation and myelin regeneration across the remyelination phase of the cuprizone model. Similar results were found in animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS. Mice of either sex injected with nimodipine during the demyelination stage of the cuprizone treatment displayed a reduced number of reactive astrocytes and showed a faster and more efficient brain remyelination. Together, these results indicate that Cav1.2 Ca²⁺ channels play a crucial role in the induction and proliferation of reactive astrocytes during demyelination; and that attenuation of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca²⁺ influx may be an effective therapy to reduce brain inflammation and promote myelin recovery in demyelinating diseases.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reducing voltage-gated Ca²⁺ influx in astrocytes during brain demyelination significantly attenuates brain inflammation and astrocyte reactivity. Furthermore, these changes promote myelin restoration and oligodendrocyte maturation throughout remyelination.

In the days before his death, the New York man spoke often of his lost twin and the lessons humanity seemed not to have learned

As Babe Ruth was emerging as baseball's great slugger in 1918, he fell sick with the flu

Some New Brunswick business owners already facing a cash crunch because of COVID-19 have received an unwelcome shock from NB Power: electricity bills that don’t take into account how little energy they’ve been consuming.

On Day 3 of TeenStreet there were separate meetings for girls and boys in the Main Hall. The theme of the day was 'influence', and the key verse of the day is found in Proverbs 4:23.

A randomized, controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of a treatment regimen of the investigational antiviral remdesivir plus the anti-inflammatory drug baricitinib for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has begun.

Inflation pressure could be weak even after consumer demand for non-discretionary goods and services begins to grow as the economy gets back on its feet.

At a time of conflicting narratives, a range of markets from equities to energy to gold may persist in volatility until one narrative gains the upper hand.

Winnipeg Blue Bombers GM Kyle Walters isn't spending much time evaluating Oklahoma defensive lineman Neville Gallimore and Notre Dame receiver Chase Claypool, as neither are expected to set foot in the CFL for some time, if ever.

The Carolina Panthers have agreed to a four-year, $64 million contract extension with All-Pro Christian McCaffrey, a person familiar with the contract negotiation told The Associated Press, making McCaffrey the highest-paid running back in the NFL.

The NFL campaign and an abbreviated baseball season may be possible if games are played without fans and players are kept in lockdown, U.S. President Donald Trump’s leading infectious disease adviser said Wednesday.

Calgary Flames general manager Brad Treliving will watch Thursday's remote NFL draft and is planning to focus on how his football counterparts deal with the realities of their world during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Laurent Duvernay-Tardif and the Kansas City Chiefs have agreed to a restructured deal for the Canadian offensive lineman.

In this most unique of drafts, filled with technological concerns and even uncertainty when real football might return, there was one constant Thursday night: Joe Burrow.

The Pittsburgh Steelers selected Canadian receiver Chase Claypool in the second round of the NFL draft Friday night. Claypool was the 17th player taken in the round, 49th overall.

The San Francisco 49ers acquired one Pro Bowl left tackle and said goodbye to another as they traded for LT Trent Williams.

Clunky at times, poignant at others, and exceptionally entertaining in spots, the NFL draft entered its third and final day with Cincinnati selecting an Appalachian State linebacker on Saturday.

The 2020 NFL Draft was the most watched ever, with more than 55 million U.S. viewers tuning in during the unique three-day event.

A Quebec-born Super Bowl champion is making the move from the offensive line to the medical front line.

The National Football League (NFL), the only major American sporting league so far largely unaffected by the coronavirus outbreak, says it is on course to begin its season on time in September.

The Kansas City Chiefs will open defence of their Super Bowl championship by hosting Houston on Sept. 10 in the NFL's annual kickoff game — pending developments in the coronavirus pandemic, of course.

Inflation pressure could be weak even after consumer demand for non-discretionary goods and services begins to grow as the economy gets back on its feet.

At a time of conflicting narratives, a range of markets from equities to energy to gold may persist in volatility until one narrative gains the upper hand.

Bank of Italy Working Papers by Concetta Rondinelli and Roberta Zizza

Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers by Gene Ambrocio

Central Bank of Chile Working Papers by Benjamín García and Juan Guerra-Salas

Five members of the Penn State football team were selected in this past weekend's NFL Draft, marking the third straight year that the Nittany Lions have had at least five draft picks.

German translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, September 2017

A previously healthy 9-year-old immigrant girl from Mexico was evaluated in the emergency department (ED) with one week of fatigue, fevers, rhinorrhea, and cough. She initially presented to her primary pediatrician, where a complete blood count revealed neutropenia, prompting referral to the ED. In the ED, she was found to be influenza A–positive. Because of dehydration, she received intravenous fluids and was admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service. After 2 days, influenza symptoms improved, and oral intake increased. However, she was noted to have decreased bilateral lower-extremity strength, absent Achilles reflexes, decreased lower-extremity sensation and proprioception, a positive result on the Romberg sign, and abnormal heel-to-shin testing results. These findings prompted an urgent neurology consultation. After extensive imaging, laboratory evaluation, and further consultations, a diagnosis was established.

A report of results: OM has been supporting church planting efforts and training local missionary teams to plant churches nearby and within the conflict area.

OM Ukraine and experts in crisis management held a seminar for pastors serving on both sides of the conflict line in Eastern Ukraine.

Founded by Wendy H Gilmour in 2011, Thankfifi began as a fashion blog and has since grown to cover lifestyle, travel and interiors.

There will be no street parties on the 75th anniversary of VE Day on Friday, and it’s uncertain how many will participate in the virtual versions being touted on social media.

The former teacher, principal, and school superintendent became one of the most influential members of Congress on education policy during his 13 terms in the House.

VE DAY in 1945 was obviously an occasion for major celebration in Britain and throughout Europe. But there is reasonable debate as to what we should make of it now.

Most teachers say that school discipline is inconsistent or inadequate, a new study from the Fordham Institute finds.

It is not known whether birth at a pediatric cardiac specialty center or at a hospital with a higher neonatal level of care affects mortality for infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease.

For infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease, there is no difference in 90-day mortality for those born at specialty centers versus other centers in the state of Washington. (Read the full article)

Children with sickle cell disease are at high risk of complications from influenza infection and have been recommended to receive annual influenza vaccine since the 1970s. Few safety studies, however, have examined the safety of influenza vaccine in this population.

This large cohort study did not find an association between influenza vaccination and hospitalization for sickle cell crises in children with sickle cell anemia. (Read the full article)

Despite recommendations and a universal immunization program, a recent survey reported suboptimal influenza vaccination coverage in children aged 6 to 23 months in Ontario. Little is known about predictors of coverage in young children to target immunization strategies.

Full influenza vaccination coverage in young children in Ontario is <10% and declining since the 2006–2007 season. Medically high-risk children including low birth weight infants are more likely to be immunized, but maternal and health services characteristics remain important. (Read the full article)

Twin studies provide a natural experiment that can determine the extent of genetic and environmental influences on sleep behavior. Previous studies have indicated that genes contribute moderately to sleep.

In the largest pediatric study to date, we demonstrate that the shared environment strongly influences sleep behavior in infants, with no gender differences in the results. This research provides strong impetus to future work identifying the key modifiable environmental drivers. (Read the full article)

A single inhalation of laninamivir octanoate has previously been shown to be as effective as repeated doses of zanamivir in vitro and in vivo, but it is not known whether this is also the case for children.

Median time to fever resolution was not significantly different between laninamivir octanoate and zanamivir for pediatric patients with influenza. The severity of influenza symptoms and the frequency of complications were similar in the 2 groups. (Read the full article)

This research presents the first 2 experimental studies on the short-term effects of smoking portrayal in movies on children’s beliefs about smoking.

Exposure to movie smoking from cartoon and family-oriented movies had no effect on implicit associations toward smoking. For smoking beliefs, effects were again small and only statistically significant for social norms regarding smoking. (Read the full article)

The US Surgeon General has determined that the relationship between movie smoking exposure (MSE) and youth smoking is causal; however, it is not known whether movie rating influences how adolescents respond.

The response to PG-13–rated MSE was indistinguishable from R-rated MSE. An R rating for smoking could reduce smoking onset in the United States by 18% (by eliminating PG-13 MSE), an effect similar to making all parents maximally authoritative in their parenting. (Read the full article)

Among adolescents, weight status has been inversely associated with sports participation but not active commuting or physical education. Studies of each form of physical activity have not included adequate adjustments for other physical activities, previous body weight, or diet quality.

Estimates indicate overweight/obesity and obesity prevalence would decrease by 11% and 26%, respectively, if adolescents played on at least 2 sports teams per year; obesity prevalence would decrease by 22% if adolescents walked/biked to school 4–5 days per week. (Read the full article)

Since the introduction of effective vaccines in the United States, the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in children aged <5 years has decreased by 99%. In 2007, in response to limited vaccine supply, Hib booster doses were deferred for 18 months.

This review found no significant change in the incidence of invasive Hib disease in the United States during the booster dose deferral period, suggesting that booster dose deferral is a reasonable approach to Hib vaccine shortages in the short-term. (Read the full article)

The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic caused illness in all age groups, but children were disproportionately affected. Children with underlying neurologic disorders were at high risk of influenza-related complications, including death.

This study provides the first detailed description of underlying neurologic disorders among children who died of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. (Read the full article)