WASHINGTON (October 2, 2019) — In accordance with Children’s Health Month, U.S.

It is Sunday. The shine is shining . It is a day of rest . But each day feels like a day of rest . Everyday feels like a Sunday. I could turn over fall asleep and have a late breakfast . Somehow along the way over the last 30 days walking has become an

We study a novel policy tool—interest rate uncertainty—that can be used to discourage inefficient capital inflows and to adjust the composition of external accounts between short-term securities and foreign direct investment (FDI). We identify the trade-offs faced in navigating between external balance and price stability. The interest rate uncertainty policy discourages short-term inflows mainly through portfolio risk and precautionary saving channels. A markup channel generates net FDI inflows under imperfect exchange rate pass-through. We further investigate new channels under different assumptions about the irreversibility of FDI, the currency of export invoicing, risk aversion of outside agents, and effective lower bound in the rest of the world. Under every scenario, uncertainty policy is inflationary.

This paper documents a new fact, then analyzes its causes and consequences: in most countries, import tariffs and non-tariff barriers are substantially lower on dirty than on clean industries, where an industry’s “dirtiness” is defined as its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per dollar of output. This difference in trade policy creates a global implicit subsidy to CO2 emissions in internationally traded goods and so contributes to climate change. This global implicit subsidy to CO2 emissions totals several hundred billion dollars annually. The greater protection of downstream industries, which are relatively clean, substantially accounts for this pattern. The downstream pattern can be explained by theories where industries lobby for low tariffs on their inputs but final consumers are poorly organized. A quantitative general equilibrium model suggests that if countries applied similar trade policies to clean and dirty goods, global CO2 emissions would decrease and global real income would change little.

A rare iron isotope produced by exploding stars has been found in Antarctic snow.

During a pandemic that puts class divisions into sharper focus, this acclaimed "Ironbound" gets a benefit reading by its original New York cast.

MARVEL is on a little bit of a break at present, but many will want to catch up with the movies before the next phase begins - but how can you do it?

Syar Industries, Inc./Syar Concrete LLC is one of northern California's leading producers and suppliers of high quality aggregate rock products, asphaltic paving materials and ready mix concrete. With its headquarters in Napa, Syar serves the construction industry from strategically located faciliti

The New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC) is seeking candidates for an Environmental Engineer to work with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) to focus solely on storm recovery tasks in connection with the Governor's Office of Storm Reco

As an Environmental Services team member, drive improvements consistent with the Company's Community Values. This will be accomplished by applying knowledge of environmental science and regulation to an education-based environmental management program. Present and develop environmental training for

Golf, Game Of Thrones and gastronomic delights are just a few of the gems this Spanish city has to offer.

Around 60% of Utahns have completed the census. The Five County region vary widely in response rates.

An effort to have a legislative hearing on a bill to check the power factory farms have over the communities they pollute died quietly in recent days.

Plainfield Correctional Facility inmates donate fruits and vegetables from their garden to community organizations.

Indianapolis chef Neal Brown will head the kitchen at the family-friendly restaurant.

Formula 1 plans to create an isolated environment for competitors when it starts racing again in July.

The past 10 years have shown superheroes in entertainment aren't going anywhere.

Research Event

Event participants

Glada Lahn, Senior Research Fellow, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme, Chatham House
Greg Shapland, Associate Fellow, Middle East and North Africa Programme, Chatham House 
Moderator: Sanam Vakil, Deputy Director and Senior Research Fellow, Middle East and North Africa Programme, Chatham House

For successful infection of their hosts, pathogenic bacteria recognize host-derived signals that induce the expression of virulence factors in a spatiotemporal manner. The fulminating food-borne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus produces a cytolysin/hemolysin protein encoded by the vvhBA operon, which is a virulence factor preferentially expressed upon exposure to murine blood and macrophages. The Fe-S cluster containing transcriptional regulator IscR activates the vvhBA operon in response to nitrosative stress and iron starvation, during which the cellular IscR protein level increases. Here, electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I protection assays revealed that IscR directly binds downstream of the vvhBA promoter PvvhBA, which is unusual for a positive regulator. We found that in addition to IscR, the transcriptional regulator HlyU activates vvhBA transcription by directly binding upstream of PvvhBA, whereas the histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS) represses vvhBA by extensively binding to both downstream and upstream regions of its promoter. Of note, the binding sites of IscR and HlyU overlapped with those of H-NS. We further substantiated that IscR and HlyU outcompete H-NS for binding to the PvvhBA regulatory region, resulting in the release of H-NS repression and vvhBA induction. We conclude that concurrent antirepression by IscR and HlyU at regions both downstream and upstream of PvvhBA provides V. vulnificus with the means of integrating host-derived signal(s) such as nitrosative stress and iron starvation for precise regulation of vvhBA transcription, thereby enabling successful host infection.

Chatham House is pleased to announce that Professor Tim Benton has been appointed as research director of the Energy, Environment and Resources Department.

For successful infection of their hosts, pathogenic bacteria recognize host-derived signals that induce the expression of virulence factors in a spatiotemporal manner. The fulminating food-borne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus produces a cytolysin/hemolysin protein encoded by the vvhBA operon, which is a virulence factor preferentially expressed upon exposure to murine blood and macrophages. The Fe-S cluster containing transcriptional regulator IscR activates the vvhBA operon in response to nitrosative stress and iron starvation, during which the cellular IscR protein level increases. Here, electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I protection assays revealed that IscR directly binds downstream of the vvhBA promoter PvvhBA, which is unusual for a positive regulator. We found that in addition to IscR, the transcriptional regulator HlyU activates vvhBA transcription by directly binding upstream of PvvhBA, whereas the histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS) represses vvhBA by extensively binding to both downstream and upstream regions of its promoter. Of note, the binding sites of IscR and HlyU overlapped with those of H-NS. We further substantiated that IscR and HlyU outcompete H-NS for binding to the PvvhBA regulatory region, resulting in the release of H-NS repression and vvhBA induction. We conclude that concurrent antirepression by IscR and HlyU at regions both downstream and upstream of PvvhBA provides V. vulnificus with the means of integrating host-derived signal(s) such as nitrosative stress and iron starvation for precise regulation of vvhBA transcription, thereby enabling successful host infection.

Members Event

Event participants

Dr Marja Lehto, Special Rapporteur, International Law Commission, UN
Doug Weir, Research and Policy Director, The Conflict and Environment Observatory
Chair: Elizabeth Wilmshurst CMG, Distinguished Fellow, International Law Programme, Chatham House
 

4 March 2020 , Volume 96, Number 2

• Iron Man 3 Review
• Star Trek: Into Darkness Review
• The Great Gatsby Review
• What We Watched

THE Oxford Dictionary describes the environment as "the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates". Humankind has been reliant on the environment for its existence for as long as humans have been living on earth. In numerous ways, the future survival of humankind will depend on how we take care of our air, soil, rivers, oceans, animals and plants.