Video shows florescence, showing how electrical signals move down the leaves of sensitive plant Mimosa pudica Reenacting wear patterns on recreations of medieval book illustrations E-ZPass reduced the rate of premature births to mothers who live near toll booths by 9.1% How to understand cough medicines, including why some cough syrups don’t really have active … Continue reading Linkdump: November 2022 →

The CRUMB Circuit Simulator, a breadboard simulator Deep Fried Coffee Beans Conserve the Sound: “Your Museum for endangered sounds.” Furby source code What is the price of a Big Mac across the country? Floppy disk costumes for SD cards De visdeurbel (Fish Doorbell; Dutch language.) When a fish in the canals needs the lock opened, … Continue reading Linkdump: April 2023 →

Space Elevator (Also, from the same site: Password game) The Amazing Story of How Philly Cheesesteaks Became Huge in Lahore, Pakistan Early computer art in the 50’s & 60’s Maryland License Plates Advertising Filipino Casino My Benihana, Myself How much does animation cost? A price guide Cats apparently recognize their names A rubber block that … Continue reading Linkdump: August 2023 →

Inside a Flexible Circuit Board Factory in China (YouTube) Measurement of Galactic Neutral Hydrogen in Noisy Urban Environment Using Kitchenware Estimating the Nuclear Yield of the Davy Crockett Weapon A magnificent marble clock (YouTube): Pt 1, Pt 2 John Cage – 4′ 33” Death Metal Cover by Dead Territory Understanding Quake’s Fast Inverse Square Root … Continue reading Linkdump: December 2023 →

My son Cole, pictured here as a goofy kid many years ago, is now six feet six inches tall and in college. Cole needed a letter of recommendation recently so he turned to an old family friend who, in turn, used ChatGPT to generate the letter, which he thought was remarkably good. As a guy who pretends to write for a living, I read it differently. ChatGPT’s letter was facile but empty, the type of letter you would write for someone you’d never met. It said almost nothing about Cole other than that he’s a good kid. Artificial Intelligence is good for certain things, but blind letters of reference aren’t among them. The key problem here has to do with Machine Learning. ChatGPT’s language model […]

Команда MP Motorsport объявила, что Ричард Ферсхор сядет за руль одной из её машин в оставшихся гонках сезона, а также будет выступать в 2025 году...

Shinichiro Watanabe compares COWBOY BEBOP to LAZARUS but admits nothing beats his experience on SPACE DANDY in this interview.

#55 Enlightenment - How to Let Go of Our Suffering & Live

The post #55 Enlightenment – How to Let Go of Our Suffering & Live appeared first on Enlightenment Podcast.

Years ago we were doing some work in the roofing business. In one study, we were working on the asphalt shingle roofing manufacturing business. At the time, this was a terrible business. Returns were low, growth rates were modest, at best, and there was a good deal of overcapacity in the industry. Then the industry caught a break. A shortage in asphalt developed. This shortage of asphalt rolled through the asphalt shingle plants and restricted their output. Immediately, prices jumped, returns became attractive and industry participants breathed a sigh of relief. Unfortunately, this asphalt shortage did not last very long. The industry shortly returned to its previous hostile condition. (See the Perspective, “What Ends Hostility?” on StrategyStreet.com.)

A shortage in any component, or labor, will restrict industry capacity and tend to raise prices. A labor shortage is, in part, responsible for some of the high prices in mining today. Miners work in areas that are often hard to reach. They also are skilled employees. The run-up in commodity prices, especially those related to ores such as silver, gold and copper, has increased the demand for these skilled miners. In addition, the mining industry faces competition for skilled workers from the oil and natural gas industries, which are also growing.

Mining companies are now going to great lengths to attract and retain these skilled workers. Some of these miners are now earning 25% more in compensation than they were a year ago. Some companies are flying workers to and from remote mines. For example, BHP Billiton plans to fly 500 workers from Brisbane, about 500 miles away, to a coal mine site that they are opening and then fly them back home after a couple of weeks.

If this commodity boom continues, the industry’s total capacity will be determined more by labor availability than by its more traditional measures of capacity. (See “Audio Tip #117: Capacity Constraints and Pricing” on StrategyStreet.com.)

The Facts You Need To Know About Supplements that have proprietary blends.

Nearly 75% of the world population takes some type of supplement each day. There are literally thousands of brands and millions of products to choose from. Is there really a difference between them?

The FDA allows questionable fillers and binders such as; cork by products, chemical FD&C dyes, sodium benzoate, dextrose, ethycellulose, and propylene glycol to name only a few. Although these ingredients may be legal, what are the nutritional benefits? Reports have indicate that some of these ingredients can be toxic at certain levels with prolong use.
The FDA does not monitor the contents or purity of a supplement nor the source of a nutritional ingredient.

Purity: What does it really mean? ---Defined: The quality or state of being pure or unmixed with any other element.

In most cases, Impure ingredients are used by many companies. The FDA does not require manufacturers to list these ingredients (on the nutritional labels) if they are not added when making the final dosage form. Many times the raw materials may contain only 90% or less of the listed ingredients along with 10% or more corn starch and lactose. Lactose and corn are known allergens for some people. These items have been known to cause digestive disturbances and weaken the immune system. A conscientious company will not compromise the integrity of a product with such raw materials.  There are 3 types of grades but, we are going to talk about 1 here for the purpose of this article.

1.  Pharmaceutical Grade supplements meet exacting pharmaceutical production standards.
Pharmaceutical Grade supplements are manufactured to a very high standards of potency, purity, dissolution, and a higher degree of bioavailability – the degree at which the vitamin is absorbed into a living system.The term pharmaceutical grade was originally taken from the standard of certification of the facilities in which pharmaceutical grade supplements were made.  Pharmaceutical grade also refers to the ingredients in the supplement. Pharmaceutical grade vitamins meet the highest standards for purity and concentration.

Finally, pharmaceutical grade supplements have a high bioavailability. This means that when you take a pharmaceutical grade products, your body absorbs an optimal amount of nutrients. Better nutrient absorption means greater health benefits.

If you want to know what supplements to buy, look for the "GMP" or "CPMG" stamps on the container.  These two stamps indicate that they were manufactured in a pharmaceutical company.  Be careful with products that have proprietary blends.  Proprietary blends have ingredients that are not listed on the container so you really don't know what you are consuming.

choose-health.org 
pharmanutrients.com 2009
healingedge.net 2012

Learn Astral Projection Easily-CLICK HERE!

1. What is Astral Projection?

Astral Projection or Out-of-body experience is a process through which our consciousness leaves our physical body and is free to travel anywhere, unrestricted by  our normal physical boundaries. We all unconsciously travel outside our bodies every night when we are asleep. But with the right guidance and practice, we can train ourselves to achieve this with 100% consciousness and awareness.

2. Is everyone able to do Astral Projection?

As I mentioned, everyone does Astral Traveling at night when they sleep. But since they are asleep, they are doing it unconsciously. And when they wake-up, their astral experiences get distorted and they feel they have just had a dream. But with training and guidance, almost anyone can have a conscious Astral Projection.

3. When one does Astral Traveling, what is it that "projects" out of his body?

We are made up of several bodies. The grossest and the densest body is our physical body. The next one is the etheric body or the astral body. This is much less dense compared to the physical body. So during Astral Traveling, it is the astral body that gets “projected”.   I should also mention that for each these bodies, there is a corresponding “plane”. So there is a physical plane, astral plane and so on. So during Astral Projection, the astral body is projected into the astral plane.

4. Should we be really doing Astral Projection?

When we are born on this physical plane, we all come with a specific purpose. That purpose may be different for different people. But as we grow older, we forget why we are here. So we wander aimlessly and often end up wasting our lives.
Astral Projection is one way to help us know why we are here in the first place. So I sincerely feel we all should learn this amazing art and give a positive direction to our lives.

5. How much does Astral Projection cost?

You would be surprised, but there were actually 4 people who asked me this question!
The answer is - Astral Projection doesn’t cost you anything in terms of money. It is not something that you purchase. It is an art that you learn. The only real cost  involved is your time, effort and dedication.

6. What is the best, easiest, infallible and fastest method that works for  everyone?

Everyone is different, with different personalities and beliefs. So unfortunately, there is no best and easiest method that works for everyone. There are hundreds of Astral Projection techniques available. You need to see which one suits you best.

7. What are the best visualization techniques for reaching the vibration stage quickly?

As I said earlier, there is no best technique that will help everyone to achieve the vibration stage. However, Robert Monroe’s vibration technique is the most popular since many people have reported great success with it.

8. How can I learn to project quickly without having to take herbs such as  Salvia
Divinorum?

I never recommend taking herbs or drugs to achieve Astral Projection. It is safest to practice without any external aids. Also, unfortunately, there is no “quick” way to achieve Astral Projection. You will require patience and dedication. But if you follow the right guidance, you can drastically cut down on your learning curve, and often see success in a few weeks instead of years. Also, I would recommend staying away from anyone who claims to teach you “techniques” that can help you  project “instantly”

9. How to get into a trance easily for intentional OBEs

A good way to get into a trance is to comfortably lie down at night, and watch yourself going to sleep. Try to relax your physical body, but at the same time, try not to  go to sleep. For the first few nights, you might end up sleeping. But with practice, you will learn how to control your mind and stay awake during the entire process.

10. Can Astral Projection actually be done?

Yes, Astral Projection is definitely possible, and can actually be done consciously. There are thousands and thousands of people who can do it at will.                  

NEWS – The Petromax HK500 is a pressure outdoor kerosene lamp invented in 1910. It’s hand-assembled in Germany and features temperature-resistant borosilicate glass and optional accessories that will turn it into a heater and a stove. The one quart tank has a burning time of 8 hours and a light output of 500 CP (candle […]

I had the opportunity to play a preview edition of Quests & Cannons: The Risen Islands  from Short Hop Games in advance of the game’s upcoming Kickstarter campaign. Designed by Eric and Shannon Geller, the preview edition arrived in a bright and colorful cover box that hinted at the beautiful artwork within.

We got it on the table for a family game straightaway. As we unpacked the contents of the box, I was impressed with the quality of the wooden components. Especially for a preview copy, everything was incredibly well made and sturdy, which speaks to the care and enthusiasm Eric and Shannon have put into the game. The illustrations on the components are just lovely! The artists (Lily Yao Lu, Tony Carter, Regis Torres, Sita Duncan, and Lilia Sitailo) did a really great job integrating the theme into the materials. 

Quests & Cannons  is very easy to setup and the rules are straightforward,  so you can get started playing pretty quickly; no one is going to be stuck spending an hour reviewing the rules upfront. The only thing you really need to work out is whether you want to play the game solo, cooperatively, free for all, or in teams.  Regardless of the mode you choose, you’ll sit down as a leader of a kingdom, tasked with bringing prosperity (i.e. victory points) to your people as you explore new islands that have suddenly cropped up in the sea. The revelation of the islands has coincided with devastating famine and drought hitting the kingdoms to varying degrees, so you’re also on a quest to find a way to reverse these plagues.

And since prosperity can be gained through attacking other leaders during explorations, you’ll need to be thinking about battle defense and offense.  My kids are teens, so they handled the attacks pretty well, but your mileage may vary with your youngsters, depending on their age and temperament.

The underlying mechanics of the game are pretty simple:

• Explore to gather resources across the islands and turn those resources in to complete quests (pick up and deliver)
• Follow explicit instructions on map clue cards to do X action at X location
• Attack rival ships

Players can do three actions on a turn, choosing freely between move, gather resources, and attack. 

I did find a few issues with the mechanics for the Geller team to address before the final version is distributed:

• Explain in the rulebook what should be done if the map clue drawn cannot possibly be used
• Add a 0 space to the action point track on each player’s ship to track the exhaustion of the final action point
• Implement monsters or other descriptive elements with differing effects into the treacherous sea spaces to add more complexity

Outside of these issues, I recommend Quests & Cannons as a family game for gateway gamers (i.e. new to the hobby) or those who gravitate toward light strategy games. It’s kid-friendly and there isn’t any analysis paralysis inherent in the game.  It plays in under 90 minutes, gives kids exposure to different play modes within the same game, tackles conflict resolution, and comes with a variety of board layouts to keep things interesting over multiple plays. Note that this is not a game I’d recommend for players who prefer deeper strategy. Highly experienced gamers drawn to seafaring themes and beautiful artwork can find similar mechanisms with a bit more depth and complexity in other games such as Islebound (designed by Ryan Laukat from Red Raven Games).

-------------------------------------------------

Publisher: Short Hop Games
Players: 1-6 (We played with 4 and 5)
Actual Playing Time (vs the guideline on the box): about 90 minutes per game
Game type: pick-up and deliver,hand management, action points, kid-friendly, solo

Rating for Gateway Gamers: 

Rating for Advanced Board Gamers:                                          

Rating scale:
OUI: I would play this game again; this game is ok. I probably would not buy this game myself but I would play it with those who own it and if someone gave it to me I would keep it.
OUI OUI: I would play this game again; this game is good. I would buy this game.
OUI OUI OUI: I LOVE THIS GAME. I MUST HAVE THIS GAME.
NON: I would not play this game again. I would return this game or give it away if it was given to me.

I really love the card game Lost Cities, designed by Reiner Knizia. When my husband Christopher and I were first getting to know each other, we used to meet up at Starbucks sometimes and play games. Lost Cities was one of our frequent picks. It’s a head to head, two player game in which both players are trying to outscore each other by laying down ascending runs of card suits on a small board between the two of them. There’s a theme laid over the mechanism (completing expeditions in the lost world) but it’s basically pasted on and so that is the last we will speak of it. So there we were, newly in love, eyeing each other across the table, smiling and flirting, and doing our best to beat one another at Lost Cities. It was awesome. And now, with the roll & write genre having made an impressive rebound a few years ago (let’s not forget the mechanism has actually been around since the 50s with Yatzee), Knizia has ported his award winning game Lost Cities  into this format, releasing Lost Cities Roll & Write  in 2021. 

You can play the new Lost Cities  with up to 5 players, but in an ode to our romantic beginnings, Christopher and I played it exclusively with one another in successive matches.  The components are compact, lacking the pretty illustrations of the original game, and few in number – the rule book, a scorepad, three pentagonal trapezohedron dice (that’s 10 sided dice for the uninitiated), and three 6 sided custom dice with color suit symbols. Oh, and some pencils. That’s it. We could have played on an even smaller Starbucks table if we had this back in our dating days.

The cards from the original game (wager cards and numbered cards 2 to 10, in five different suits) have been translated into dice roll results. On each turn, one player rolls all the dice and chooses one of the six sided dice to represent the suit and one of the ten sided dice to represent the number. A zero on the number die can represent either zero (mimicking the wager card from the original game which serves as a multiplier for the total score in the selected suit) or ten (mimicking the highest card in each suit).

In place of the tableau built up on a central board, each player tracks the progress of wager and number cards they’ve collected for each suit in color coded columns on their individual score sheet. Wager cards have been transformed into little circular boxes to be marked off from a suit column when rolled, while the numbered cards from the original game have expanded to include the number 1 and are recorded as numbers written manually in the square boxes running up each column. Whereas in the original game, only cards higher than the last card played in a suit were permitted to be played on subsequent turns by the same player, in Lost Cities Roll & Write, numbers that are higher than or equal to the last number recorded for a suit may be written into the column after future dice rolls. Expanding beyond the concepts from the original game, Knizia has included artifact icons on select spaces in each column and when those spaces are filled by a player, they may fill in one of the jars in the artifact column. Likewise, he’s included arrow icons on select spaces and when those spaces are filled by a player, they may fill in the next box in one of their suit columns with the number from the previous box in the column – note that it does not have to be the same column in which the arrow was filled.  There’s also a column for filling in dice shapes to represent rolls where a player could not or did not want to use any of the dice results. The latter column is particularly tricky to manage effectively, as it provides a similar point progression as the rest of the columns (negative scores for the first 3 boxes filled and then positive score for the rest) up until the last box in the column. If you color in that box, your score for the dice shapes column drops from 70 to 0. The bonus points awarded in the original game (20 points for laying down at least 8 cards in a suit) have been implemented in Lost Cities Roll & Write  for each column (including the artifact and dice shape columns) as a 20 point bonus to the player who is the first to fill in 7 boxes in the column on the scorepad. The roll & write game ends when either both players have filled in the dice shapes column completely or all eight columns have passed the bonus point marker. In our experience, the completed dice shapes column is a much more common trigger.

I’ve played a ton of roll & write games over the past few years. Some are instant objects of adoration, while others are infuriating piles of poo (I’m looking at you Imperial Settlers R&W). Lost Cities Roll & Write is fantastic; a great addition to the genre. Knizia did an excellent job of translating the feel of the original game into the new mechanism. The iconography is clean and easy to read and the game can be taught and played in less than a half hour. And of course, it takes up very little table real estate, making it perfect for travel or tight spaces (when traveling as a passenger, simply roll the dice into the box cover). If you twisted my arm and forced me to choose between Lost Cities or Lost Cities Roll & Write, I’d be forced to pick the original, but only because of the lovely artwork on the cards and the sentimental value I have attached to the game after my love and I played it in our early days. But who would go around doing such arm twisting? Nobody. Therefore, with a retail price point under $15 for each of these, unless you’re down to your last $15, I recommend you pick up both. Play the card game with someone you love when you have a little more table space. Play the roll & write anywhere, with up to four additional friends. 

-------------------------------------------------

Publisher: Kosmos
Players: 2-5 (We played with 2)
Actual Playing Time (vs the guideline on the box): about 20 minutes per game
Game type: roll & write, dice rolling

Rating:

Rating scale:
OUI: I would play this game again; this game is ok. I probably would not buy this game myself but I would play it with those who own it and if someone gave it to me I would keep it.
OUI OUI: I would play this game again; this game is good. I would buy this game.
OUI OUI OUI: I LOVE THIS GAME. I MUST HAVE THIS GAME.
NON: I would not play this game again. I would return this game or give it away if it was given to me.

The good folks at Stonemaier Games sent us a review copy of the newest expansion for Tapestry recently. We have the base game and the previous expansion, Plans and Ploys, in our game library. Arts & Architecture is designed by Jamey Stegmaier and Mike Young, with artwork by Andrew Bosley and landmark sculptures by Rom Brown. The expansion adds more of the familiar components: five new civilizations, six new capital city mats, 5 new landmark cards with landmarks, twenty new tapestry cards, and eleven new tech cards. Arts & Architecture also adds completely new features to the game, including an arts track with accompanying landmarks, twenty masterpiece cards, twenty inspiration tiles, and an upgraded science die to include iconography referencing the arts track.

The new arts development track is quite useful and thematically blends well with the overall concept of the game.

It gives you the opportunity to place more of your income buildings, score victory points for tech cards and exploration tiles, acquire masterpiece cards which provide benefits during income turns, and place inspiration tiles on your income mat over existing income tracks to improve the rewards gained during income turns. In the first few games I played (2 player), I concentrated heavily on the arts track, progressing to the end of it easily before game end, all the while also making steady progress on two of the base development tracks.

In the most recent game (4 player), I didn’t use the arts track much at all, which was a huge mistake, landing me in third place while the frontrunners leaned on the arts track significantly. I’ve previously noted in my review of Tapestry (https://www.thatswhatjennisaid.com/2020/07/board-game-review-tapestry.html) and Tapestry Plans and Ploys (https://www.thatswhatjennisaid.com/2020/12/board-game-review-tapestry-plans-and.html) that to win the game, you must diversify and progress on at least two tracks simultaneously, but to be careful trying to do much more than that or you’ll spread yourself too thin. With this expansion, I’ll amend that to note you’re unlikely to win the game unless you focus on the arts track as well as two of the base development tracks, as the arts track is really an enhancer for all the other tracks. It will be interesting to see how development track focus will need to be adapted when Stonemaier releases additional expansions for the game (anticipating a religion track at minimum; every civilization has its religious scholars).

The additions to the tapestry deck include a new ability type - continuous. These abilities begin when played and continue for the duration of the game instead of just the current era. There are also new tapestry cards that allow you to place landmarks on them for scoring as an alternative to placing the landmarks on the capital city (or on the map as some civ powers allow you to do). I did not have a chance to play any of the continuous tapestry cards during my recent games (although they look useful), and I passed over playing any of the landmark tapestry cards I acquired as they did not seem as beneficial as the other tapestry cards I had in my hand.  I don’t think I’m a big fan of any of the cards that let you place landmarks on the for points (including the new tech cards with this feature); I prefer to prioritize my city map for landmark placement first. Maybe I’m just doing it wrong, but I haven’t made use of my landmark cards at all, even in the games where I won by a large margin. They seem to be an entirely optional aspect of the game and not necessary for a win.

One more change with the Arts & Architecture expansion is another refinement of the civilization adjustments first introduced in the Plans and Ploys expansion. This fine tuning of civilization powers comes as a result of extensive real-world player testing and aims to rebalance the game for greater fairness. I think it might need further refinements because my husband Chris played the Architects civilization in our last game and the adjustment afforded him 30 VPs at the start of the game as some sort of handicap to balance out perceived weakness, but his city mat was so perfectly attuned to his civilization (the mesa) that he won in a landslide (80 points above the second place player).

Overall, I think that the Arts & Architecture expansion is a great addition to the Tapestry portfolio. It adds more variety, layers in additional ways to strategize and score, and provides some new opportunities for player interaction on the map, without causing any additional complexity. While it’s not a must have for the base game, it’s certainly a nice-to-have addition that I’m happy to recommend.

Beyond the details of the new expansion, I did want to take this opportunity to mention that with repeated plays of the base game as well as across the expansions, I’ve noticed that 4 player games are much more competitive than two player games (at least in our household). There isn’t a single time Chris and I have played the game by ourselves that I haven’t walloped him by 100+ points, yet when we play at 4 players, he has won twice or been neck in neck with the winner, whereas my scores are significantly lower. That’s got to be tied to the dynamics of how this game plays at higher player counts because it doesn’t make any sense that all on my own I could go from being a genius at 2 player to just average at 4 player.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Publisher: Stonemaier Games
Players: 1-5 (We played with 2 and 4)
Actual Playing Time (vs the guideline on the box): About 3 hours per game
Game type: tile placement, hand management, dice rolling, area control
Retail Price: $45 direct from the publisher https://store.stonemaiergames.com/products/tapestry-arts-architecture

Rating:

Jenni’s rating scale:
OUI: I would play this game again; this game is ok. I probably would not buy this game myself but I would play it with those who own it and if someone gave it to me I would keep it.
OUI OUI: I would play this game again; this game is good. I would buy this game.
OUI OUI OUI: I LOVE THIS GAME. I MUST HAVE THIS GAME.
NON: I would not play this game again. I would return this game or give it away if it was given to me.

Shiva Baby [US, Emma Seligman, 4] The ambient social pressures of a post-funeral gathering skyrocket for a directionless college student (Rachel Sennott) when attendees include not only the expected ex-girlfriend (Molly Gordon) but also the sex work client she’s caught feelings for. Knife-edge comedy of emotional suffocation uses a plucky suspense score for that extra frisson of social anxiety.

If you've been missing family events during the pandemic, this film is the cure for that. Polly Draper and Fred Melamed appear as the loving but insufferably intrusive parents.

Night of the Kings [Côte d'Ivoire/France , Philippe Lacôte, 4] When the red moon rises over MACA, the Ivory Coast’s toughest prison, its inmate boss appoints the new arrival as storyteller—a post that results in death if the tale ends before sundown. Prison drama with compelling narrative hook widens out to encompass ancient warfare, contemporary politics, and even a wizard duel.

Spring Blossom [France, Suzanne Lindon, 4] Bored with her classmates, an awkward 16 year old (played by the writer-director) pursues her attraction for a ruggedly handsome stage actor (Arnaud Valois.) Character drama sets aside the sexual aspect of this staple French cinema situation to focus on the emotion, periodically breaking from naturalism to have its characters express their feelings through dance.

This year’s Q&As are Zoom interviews between the programmers and filmmakers, which drop on YouTube when the films become available for online viewing. In the Q&A for this one we discover that the director wrote it when she was 15, a year younger than her character. She’s 20 now. Lindon is the daughter of well-known French actors Vincent Lindon and Sandrine Kiberlain.

Get the Hell Out [Taiwan, I-Fan Wang, 4] Taiwan’s notoriously pugilistic parliament tips into arterial spray when the effluent of a controversial chemical plant triggers a zombie epidemic. Zombie comedy features an eye-searing palette and an onslaught of optical overlays, and is paced like a quarter kilo of crushed Adderall. 

It’s quite an achievement to find the worst hue of every color on the visible spectrum. Fortunately the underlying message, that government officials would respond to a pandemic by idiotically making it worse, has no bearing on anything that comes to mind.

Gaza Mon Amor [Palestine/France, Tarzan & Arab Nasser, 3] Middle-aged fisherman discovers a Greek statue and courts a wary dress shop clerk. Deliberately paced dramedy of life under oppression.

The Way I See It [US, Dawn Porter, 3.5] Documentary profile of Obama-era Official White House photographer traces his arc from work for the Reagan administration to anti-Trump social media gunslinger. Whether American viewers consider this slickly fashioned film heartfelt or sentimental will depend on party registration. It’s certainly explicitly framed to fire up Democrats to get out there to de-elect the current president.

Under the Open Sky [Japan, Miwa Nishikawa, 4] Out of prison after a long sentence, an aging yakuza (Koji Yakusho) struggles with his volcanic temper as he attempts to go straight. Bittersweet drama anchored by a lead performance from Yakusho, a mainstay of contemporary Japanese cinema.

Penguin Bloom [Australia, Glendyn Ivin, 3] A former surfer left paralyzed from the chest down by a freak accident reluctantly bonds with a magpie chick named Penguin, which one of her young sons has rescued. Sun-dappled animal-related family drama about the depression and anger that can accompany a life-changing injury.

In a regular year I would definitely have programmed Under the Open Sky, and would possibly have picked Gaza Mon Amor, depending on its position on the schedule grid.

Wildfire [UK/Ireland, Cathy Brady, 3.5] After going missing for a year, a bipolar woman (Nika McGuigan) drops in on her sister (Nora-Jane Noone), opening the wounds of shared tragedy. Raw, unsubtle family drama against the backdrop of Northern Irish politics as Brexit threatens a fragile peace.

The film is dedicated to the memory of lead actor McGuigan, who died of cancer last year.

40 Years a Prisoner [US, Tommy Oliver, 4] Documentary recounts the 1978 standoff between members of radical Black back-to-nature organization MOVE and Philadelphia police through the efforts of the son of two of the group members to secure their parole. A strong emotional hook greatly assists in telling a tenaciously complicated story.

I would like to have seen more on the genesis of the group and the first stages of their conflict with the mayor and police. So much needs to be unwound in the 1978 standoff that the even more astonishing story of a 1985 confrontation, which resulted in Philadelphia authorities dropping a satchel bomb from a helicopter, killing 11 and burning down 65 houses, goes unmentioned here. Another doc I haven’t seen, Let the Fire Burn, focuses on that part of the story.

True Mothers [Japan, Naomi Kawase, 4.5] Parents of a kindergartner react with dismay when a woman contacts them claiming to be his birth mother. Luminous, delicate drama of shifting perspectives.

Limbo [UK, Ben Sharrock, 4] Syrian oud player grapples with guilt over family left behind as he cools his heels with other refugee claimants at a center in the bleak and isolated Outer Hebrides. Moments of deadpan humor and stark landscapes layer this exploration of displacement.

American Hiking Society constantly monitors legislation that could enhance or protect the hiking experience. A new bill, HR 1912 - the Complete America’s Great Trails Act - has the potential to significantly benefit some of the most spectacular trails in America. This proposed legislation would grant a tax credit to private landowners who provide conservation easements to certified National Scenic Trails – resulting in a low-cost incentive for willing landowners to donate easements that would increase trail connectivity. This means that private landowners have a new incentive to allow hikers to pass through their property, and trails get a guaranteed corridor that protects the connectivity and continuity of the hiking experience for years to come!

American Hiking supports HR 1912 and applauds Rep. Connolly (D-VA) and Rep. Lummis (R-WY) for introducing this forward-thinking legislation. We also applaud Rep. Blumenauer (D-OR) and Rep. Bono-Mack (R-CA), co-chairs of the Congressional Trails Caucus, and Reps. Kind (D-WI), Massa (D-NY), McMahon (D-NY), Lance (R-NJ), Polis (D-Co), Boccieri (D-OH), Pierluisi (D-RC-PR), for their original co-sponsorship of this important legislation.

American Hiking advocates for changes in policies that provide our partners with as many tools as possible to protect and manage our nation’s great trails. Thus, we work closely with regional and local organizations that protect, maintain and promote the various elements of America’s National Trails System. We also partner with Congress and the federal land management agencies charged with managing and administering our trail resources.

American Hiking has championed the protection and enhancement of America’s National Trails System since our founding in 1976. Our National Trails System consists of more than 7,000 authorized miles of National Scenic Trails, more than 36,000 miles of National Historic Trail routes, and more than 1,000 registered National Recreation Trails.

Take Action to urge your Representative to co-sponsor HR 1912.

Read the full text of HR 1912, and read the Dear Colleague Letter being circulated by Reps. Connolly and Lummis.

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1. NSW Boosts Support for Severe Menopause Symptoms  Mirage News
2. How Reena found relief when GPs hesitated to treat her symptoms  Sydney Morning Herald
3. What you need to know about perimenopause  Kidspot

1. As it happened: Donald Trump ally taunts Kevin Rudd; WiseTech shareholders launch class action  Sydney Morning Herald
2. Ditching Rudd over Trump insults would be ‘worst possible signal’: Turnbull  Sydney Morning Herald
3. Senior Liberal calls for Rudd to be sacked after Trump advisor suggests US ambassador is on thin ice  9News

1. Murder charge after beloved Elvis impersonator found dead after karaoke night  9News
2. Beloved Elvis impersonator allegedly murdered after karaoke night  Sydney Morning Herald
3. Love Island winner's best mate is accused of killing beloved grandad - after the Good Samaritan had tried to h  Daily Mail
4. Video: Elvis impersonator named as alleged murder victim  WAtoday

1. Donald Trump picks Elon Musk to lead new government department  9News
2. Trump’s picks the clearest path yet to power consolidation  Sydney Morning Herald
3. Donald Trump announces key figures for 2025 administration after election victory  ABC News
4. Trump’s Cabinet: Here Are His Picks And Finalists For Key Roles—Mike Huckabee, Kristi Noem And More  Forbes
5. Trump rolls out his most MAGA picks for new White House term  CNN

1. Elon Musk’s job as Trump’s bureaucracy buster could be just the start  The Australian Financial Review
2. Elon Musk tapped for ‘government efficiency’ role by Donald Trump  Sydney Morning Herald
3. Evening News Bulletin 13 November 2024  SBS News
4. Donald Trump wants Elon Musk to slash regulations as he reveals his role  ABC News

Excellent fundraisers, as well as average ones often find themselves reaching a plateau when it comes to their fundraising abilities and the dollar amounts that they raise.  On a plateau, it is just as easy to move upward as it is to slip backwards; losing progress. Fundraisers are only interested in moving in one direction; upward.

pla•teau (plæˈtoʊ; esp. Brit. ˈplæt oʊ) 
n., pl. -teaus, -teaux (-ˈtoʊz, -toʊz) 
v. -teaued, -teau•ing. n.1. a land area having a relatively level surface considerably raised above adjoining land on at least one side.
2. a period or state of little or no growth or decline, esp. one in which increase or progress ceases: to reach a plateau in one's career.v.i.3. to reach a state or level of little or no growth or decline; stabilize

1. Go back to basics. Find something in your fundraising routine that can be improved and work on it. Can your greeting be made more friendly? Can your donation requests be tightened up? What ever it is, work on it. Working on any one issue has the added benefit of providing new perspectives on other issues.
2. Ask the donor. Ask donors, whether, they give or not, what they thought of your performance. Most will provide at least one useful bit of information. Some donors will provide so much valuable criticism that you may find yourself reexamining your entire fundraising strategy.
3. Ask another fundraiser. Sometimes we let shyness, pride or professional competition get in the way of improving our skills. Every fundraiser, at every stage, goes through the plateau problem. Reach out to your fellow fundraisers and get their advice.
4. Become an expert. Often after fundraising for a certain cause for a long time, fundraisers began to feel like experts on the issue. There is always more to learn. Find books magazine articles and any other materials that you can. The more you know about your issue, the better you can fund raise for it.
5. Remember, Plateaus aren't permanent. Keep slugging away, doing the best job that you possibly can. Eventually, you will begin to see some progress.

Ski Sunday presenter Ed Leigh is wowed by Sochi two years ahead of the 2014 Winter Olympics

Exploring Europa and defending Earth.

Сегодня свой 80-летний юбилей празднует один из самых легендарных телеведущих страны Александр Васильевич Масляков.

Сейчас далеко не все вспомнят, что Александр Масляков вел на советском телевидении передачи «Алло, мы ищем таланты!», «А ну-ка, девушки!» и другие. Но все знают, что Александр Васильевич Масляков — ведущий КВН. Вот уже много лет эту передачу и движение невозможно представить без обаятельной улыбки ведущего и слов «Мы начинаем КВН».

Недавно Александр Масляков признался, что в последнее время начал задумываться о завершении карьеры, однако окончательного решения не принял. Об этом он рассказал в интервью ТАСС в преддверии своего юбилея.

[ читать дальше ]

Поздравляем всех причастных в настоящем, прошлом и будущем.

[BULLETIN: Quicklisp now has the latest version of FSet.]

Sycamore, primarily by Neil Dantam, is a functional collections library that is built around the same weight-balanced binary tree data structure (with leaf vectors) that FSet uses.  While the README on that page comments briefly on the differences between Sycamore and FSet, I don't feel that it does FSet justice.  Here is my analysis.

Dantam claims that his library is 30% to 50% faster than FSet on common operations.  While I haven't done comprehensive micro-benchmarking, a couple of quick tests indicates that this claim is plausible.  A look through the internals of the implementation confirms that it is clean and tight, and I must commend him.  There may be some techniques in here that I could usefully borrow.

Most of the performance difference is necessitated by two design choices that were made differently in the two libraries.  One of these Dantam mentions in his comparison: FSet's use of a single, global ordering relation implemented as a CLOS generic function, vs. Sycamore's more standard choice of requiring a comparison function to be supplied when a collection is created.  The other one he doesn't mention: the fact that FSet supports a notion of equivalent-but-unequal values, which are values that are incomparable — there's no way, or at least no obvious way, to say which is less than the other, and yet we want to treat them as unequal.  The simplest example is the integer 1 and the single-float 1.0, which have equal numerical values (and cl:= returns true on them), but which are nonetheless not eql.  (I have a previous blog post that goes into a lot more detail about equality and comparison.)  Since Sycamore expects the user-supplied comparison function to return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive to indicate the ordering of its arguments, there's no encoding for the equivalent-but-unequal case, nor is there any of the code that would be required to handle that case.

Both of these decisions were driven by my goal for the FSet project.  I didn't just want to provide a functional collections library that could be called occasionally when one had a specific need for such a data structure.  My ambition was much grander: to make functional collections into a reasonable default choice for the vast majority of programming situations.  I wanted FSet users (including, of course, myself) to be able to use functional collections freely, with very little extra effort or thought.  While Lisp by itself reaches a little bit in this direction — lists can certainly be used functionally — lists used as functional collections run into severe time complexity problems as those collections get large.  I wanted the FSet collections to be as convenient and well-supported as lists, but without the time complexity issues.

— Or rather, I wanted them to be even more convenient than lists.  Before writing FSet, I had spent years working in a little-known proprietary language called Refine, which happened to be implemented on top of Common Lisp, so it was not unusual to switch between the two languages.  And I had noticed something.  In contrast to CL, with its several different predefined equality predicates and with its functions that take :test arguments to specify which one to use, Refine has a single notiion of equality.  The value space is cleanly divided between immutable types, which are compared by value — along with numbers, these include strings, sets, maps, and seqs — and mutable objects, which are always compared by identity.  And it worked!  I found I did not miss the ability to specify an equality predicate when performing an operation such as "union".  It was just never needed.  Get equality right at the language level, and the problem goes away.

Although FSet's compare generic function isn't just for equality — it also defines an ordering that is used by the binary trees — I thought it would probably turn out to be the case that a single global ordering, implemented as a generic function and therefore extensible, would be fine the vast majority of the time.  I think experience has borne this out.  And just as you can mix types in Lisp lists — say, numbers and symbols — without further thought, so you can have any combination of types in an FSet set, effortlessly.  (A project I'm currently working on actually takes considerable advantage of this capability.)

As for supporting equivalent-but-unequal values, this desideratum flows directly from the principle of least astonishment.  While it might not be too surprising for a set or map implementation to fail distinguish the integer 1 from the float 1.0, it certainly would be very surprising, and almost certainly a source of bugs in a compiler that used it, for it to fail to distinguish two uninterned symbols with the same name.  (I saw a macro expansion recently that contained two distinct symbols that both printed as #:NEW.  It happens.)  A compiler using Sycamore for a map on symbols would have to supply a comparison function that accounted for this; it couldn't just compare the package name and symbol name.  (You'd have to do something like keep a weak hash table mapping symbols to integers, assigned in the order in which the comparison function encountered them.  It's doable, but FSet protects you from this madness.)

Along with those deep semantic design choices, I've spent a lot of time on developing a wide and featureful API for FSet (an effort that's ongoing).  FSet has many features that Sycamore lacks, including:

• seqs, a binary-tree sequence implementation that holds arbitrary Lisp objects (Sycamore ropes hold only characters, which is certainly an important special case, but why restrict ourselves?)
• default values for maps and seqs (the value to return when the key is outside the domain is associated with the collection, not supplied at the call site; this turns out to be a significant convenience)
• generic functions that operate on both lists and FSet collections, to shadow the CL builtins
  
• the powerful map-union and map-intersection operations (I'll blog about these in the future)
• more ways to iterate over the collections (the FSet tutorial has a good summary, about 3/4 of the way down)
• speaking of the tutorial, FSet has lots more documentation

Let me digress slightly to give an example of how FSet makes programming more elegant and convenient.  Joe Marshall just put up a blog post comparing Go(lang) with Common Lisp, which is worth a read on its own; I'm just going to grab a code snippet from there to show a little bit of what programming with FSet is like.  Here's Joe's code:

 (defun collate (items &key (key #'identity) (test #'eql) (merger (merge-adjoin #'eql)) (default nil))
   (let ((table (make-hash-table :test test)))
     (dolist (item items table)
       (let ((k (funcall key item)))
         (setf (gethash k table) (funcall merger (gethash k table default) item))))))

 (defun merge-adjoin (test)
   (lambda (collection item)
     (adjoin item collection :test test)))

And here's what I would write using FSet:

(Well, I would probably move result outside the dolist form to make it clearer what the return value is, but let's go with Joe's stylistic choice here.)

For those who haven't used FSet: the form (map :default (set)) creates a map whose default is the empty set, meaning that lookups on that map will return the empty set if the key is not in the map.  This saves the includef form from having to handle that possibility.

My version makes assumptions, it's true, about how you want to collect the items with a given key; it doesn't give you other choices.  It could, but what would be the point?  It's already using a general set with better time complexity than lists, and saving you from having to write anything like merge-adjoin.  The extensible global equivalence relation means you're not going to need to supply a :test either.

I think the FSet-enhanced code is cleaner, more elegant, and therefore clearer than the plain-CL version.  Don't you agree?  Maybe you wouldn't say it's a huge improvement, okay, but it's a small example; in a larger codebase, I would argue, these small improvements add up.

* * * * *

To summarize: if you just want a library you can call in a few places for specific purposes, Sycamore might work better for you (but think hard if you're writing a comparator for symbols).  FSet can certainly be used that way, but it can be much more.  If you want to see one way in which Common Lisp can be made into a better language, without giving up anything that we love about it, I urge you to give FSet a try.

FSet has changed the way I write Lisp programs.  — an FSet user

(UPDATE: the magnitude of the performance difference between FSet and Sycamore surprised me, and inspired me to do some profiling of FSet.  It turned out that I could get a 20% speedup on one micro-benchmark simply by adding some inline declarations.  Mea culpa, mea culpa, mea maxima culpa; I should have done this years ago.   With that change, the generic function overhead appears to be the only significant cause of the remaining ~20% performance difference.  I tried creating a Sycamore set using a thin wrapper around fset:compare, and the resulting performance was very similar to that of FSet with its new inlines.)

Table of Contents

1. Thread Local storage exhausted
2. The layer of indirection
3. I can fix her
4. Let's write some tests!
5. Summary

Thread Local storage exhausted

In the last post I've described a technique to use dynamic variables by value instead of the name by utilizing the operator PROGV. Apparently it works fine on all Common Lisp implementations I've tried except from SBCL, where the number of thread local variables is by default limited to something below 4000. To add salt to the injury, these variables are not garbage collected.

Try the following code to crash into LDB:

(defun foo ()
  (loop for i from 0 below 4096 do
    (when (zerop (mod i 100))
      (print i))
    (progv (list (gensym)) (list 42)
      (values))))
(foo)

This renders our new technique not very practical given SBCL popularity. We need to either abandon the idea or come up with a workaround.

The layer of indirection

Luckily for us we've already introduced a layer of indirection. Operators to access dynamic variables are called DLET, DSET and DREF. This means, that it is enough to provide a kludge implementation for SBCL with minimal changes to the remaining code.

The old code works the same as previously except that instead of SYMBOL-VALUE we use the accessor DYNAMIC-VARIABLE-VALUE, and the old call to PROGV is now DYNAMIC-VARIABLE-PROGV. Moreover DYNAMIC-EFFECTIVE-SLOT used functions BOUNDP and MAKUNBOUND, so we replace these with DYNAMIC-VARIABLE-BOUND-P and DYNAMIC-VARIABLE-MAKUNBOUND. To abstract away things further we also introduce the constructor MAKE-DYNAMIC-VARIABLE

(defpackage "EU.TURTLEWARE.BLOG/DLET"
  (:local-nicknames ("MOP" #+closer-mop "C2MOP"
                           #+(and (not closer-mop) ecl) "MOP"
                           #+(and (not closer-mop) ccl) "CCL"
                           #+(and (not closer-mop) sbcl) "SB-MOP"))
  (:use "CL"))
(in-package "EU.TURTLEWARE.BLOG/DLET")

(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :execute :load-toplevel)
  (unless (member :bordeaux-threads *features*)
    (error "Please load BORDEAUX-THREADS."))
  (when (member :sbcl *features*)
    (unless (member :fake-progv-kludge *features*)
      (format t "~&;; Using FAKE-PROGV-KLUDGE for SBCL.~%")
      (push :fake-progv-kludge *features*))))

(defmacro dlet (bindings &body body)
  (flet ((pred (binding)
           (and (listp binding) (= 2 (length binding)))))
    (unless (every #'pred bindings)
      (error "DLET: bindings must be lists of two values.~%~
                Invalid bindings:~%~{ ~s~%~}" (remove-if #'pred bindings))))
  (loop for (var val) in bindings
        collect var into vars
        collect val into vals
        finally (return `(dynamic-variable-progv (list ,@vars) (list ,@vals)
                           ,@body))))

(defmacro dset (&rest pairs)
  `(setf ,@(loop for (var val) on pairs by #'cddr
                 collect `(dref ,var)
                 collect val)))

(defmacro dref (variable)
  `(dynamic-variable-value ,variable))

;;; ...

(defmethod mop:slot-boundp-using-class
    ((class standard-class)
     object
     (slotd dynamic-effective-slot))
  (dynamic-variable-bound-p (slot-dvar object slotd)))

(defmethod mop:slot-makunbound-using-class
    ((class standard-class)
     object
     (slotd dynamic-effective-slot))
  (dynamic-variable-makunbound (slot-dvar object slotd)))

With these in place we can change the portable implementation to conform.

#-fake-progv-kludge
(progn
  (defun make-dynamic-variable ()
    (gensym))

  (defun dynamic-variable-value (variable)
    (symbol-value variable))

  (defun (setf dynamic-variable-value) (value variable)
    (setf (symbol-value variable) value))

  (defun dynamic-variable-bound-p (variable)
    (boundp variable))

  (defun dynamic-variable-makunbound (variable)
    (makunbound variable))

  (defmacro dynamic-variable-progv (vars vals &body body)
    `(progv ,vars ,vals ,@body)))

I can fix her

The implementation for SBCL will mediate access to the dynamic variable value with a synchronized hash table with weak keys. The current process is the key of the hash table and the list of bindings is the value of the hash table. For compatibility between implementations the top level value of the symbol will be shared.

The variable +FAKE-UNBOUND+ is the marker that signifies, that the variable has no value. When the list of bindings is EQ to +CELL-UNBOUND+, then it means that we should use the global value. We add new bindings by pushing to it.

#+fake-progv-kludge
(progn
  (defvar +fake-unbound+ 'unbound)
  (defvar +cell-unbound+ '(no-binding))

  (defclass dynamic-variable ()
    ((tls-table
      :initform (make-hash-table :synchronized t :weakness :key)
      :reader dynamic-variable-tls-table)
     (top-value
      :initform +fake-unbound+
      :accessor dynamic-variable-top-value)))

  (defun make-dynamic-variable ()
    (make-instance 'dynamic-variable))

  (defun dynamic-variable-bindings (dvar)
    (let ((process (bt:current-thread))
          (tls-table (dynamic-variable-tls-table dvar)))
      (gethash process tls-table +cell-unbound+)))

  (defun (setf dynamic-variable-bindings) (value dvar)
    (let ((process (bt:current-thread))
          (tls-table (dynamic-variable-tls-table dvar)))
      (setf (gethash process tls-table +cell-unbound+) value))))

We define two readers for the variable value - one that simply reads the value, and the other that signals an error if the variable is unbound. Writer for its value either replaces the current binding, or if the value cell is unbound, then we modify the top-level symbol value. We use the value +FAKE-UNBOUND+ to check whether the variable is bound and to make it unbound.

#+fake-progv-kludge
(progn
  (defun %dynamic-variable-value (dvar)
    (let ((tls-binds (dynamic-variable-bindings dvar)))
      (if (eq tls-binds +cell-unbound+)
          (dynamic-variable-top-value dvar)
          (car tls-binds))))

  (defun dynamic-variable-value (dvar)
    (let ((tls-value (%dynamic-variable-value dvar)))
      (when (eq tls-value +fake-unbound+)
        (error 'unbound-variable :name "(unnamed)"))
      tls-value))

  (defun (setf dynamic-variable-value) (value dvar)
    (let ((tls-binds (dynamic-variable-bindings dvar)))
      (if (eq tls-binds +cell-unbound+)
          (setf (dynamic-variable-top-value dvar) value)
          (setf (car tls-binds) value))))

  (defun dynamic-variable-bound-p (dvar)
    (not (eq +fake-unbound+ (%dynamic-variable-value dvar))))

  (defun dynamic-variable-makunbound (dvar)
    (setf (dynamic-variable-value dvar) +fake-unbound+)))

Finally we define the operator to dynamically bind variables that behaves similar to PROGV. Note that we PUSH and POP from the thread-local hash table DYNAMIC-VARIABLE-BINDINGS, so no synchronization is necessary.

#+fake-progv-kludge
(defmacro dynamic-variable-progv (vars vals &body body)
  (let ((svars (gensym))
        (svals (gensym))
        (var (gensym))
        (val (gensym)))
    `(let ((,svars ,vars))
       (loop for ,svals = ,vals then (rest ,svals)
             for ,var in ,svars
             for ,val = (if ,svals (car ,svals) +fake-unbound+)
             do (push ,val (dynamic-variable-bindings ,var)))
       (unwind-protect (progn ,@body)
         (loop for ,var in ,svars
               do (pop (dynamic-variable-bindings ,var)))))))

Let's write some tests!

But of course, we are going to also write a test framework. It's short, I promise. As a bonus point the API is compatibile with fiveam, so it is possible to drop tests as is in the appropriate test suite.

(defvar *all-tests* '())

(defun run-tests ()
  (dolist (test (reverse *all-tests*))
    (format *debug-io* "Test ~a... " test)
    (handler-case (funcall test)
      (serious-condition (c)
        (format *debug-io* "Failed: ~a~%" c))
      (:no-error (&rest args)
        (declare (ignore args))
        (format *debug-io* "Passed.~%")))))

(defmacro test (name &body body)
  `(progn
     (pushnew ',name *all-tests*)
     (defun ,name () ,@body)))

(defmacro is (form)
  `(assert ,form))

(defmacro pass ())

(defmacro signals (condition form)
  `(is (block nil
         (handler-case ,form
           (,condition () (return t)))
         nil)))

(defmacro finishes (form)
  `(is (handler-case ,form
         (serious-condition (c)
           (declare (ignore c))
           nil)
         (:no-error (&rest args)
           (declare (ignore args))
           t))))

Now let's get to tests. First we'll test our metaclass:

(defclass dynamic-let.test-class ()
  ((slot1 :initarg :slot1 :dynamic nil :accessor slot1)
   (slot2 :initarg :slot2 :dynamic t   :accessor slot2)
   (slot3 :initarg :slot3              :accessor slot3))
  (:metaclass class-with-dynamic-slots))

(defparameter *dynamic-let.test-instance-1*
  (make-instance 'dynamic-let.test-class
                 :slot1 :a :slot2 :b :slot3 :c))

(defparameter *dynamic-let.test-instance-2*
  (make-instance 'dynamic-let.test-class
                 :slot1 :x :slot2 :y :slot3 :z))

(test dynamic-let.1
  (let ((o1 *dynamic-let.test-instance-1*)
        (o2 *dynamic-let.test-instance-2*))
    (with-slots (slot1 slot2 slot3) o1
      (is (eq :a slot1))
      (is (eq :b slot2))
      (is (eq :c slot3)))
    (with-slots (slot1 slot2 slot3) o2
      (is (eq :x slot1))
      (is (eq :y slot2))
      (is (eq :z slot3)))))

(test dynamic-let.2
  (let ((o1 *dynamic-let.test-instance-1*)
        (o2 *dynamic-let.test-instance-2*))
    (signals error (slot-dlet (((o1 'slot1) 1)) nil))
    (slot-dlet (((o1 'slot2) :k))
      (is (eq :k (slot-value o1 'slot2)))
      (is (eq :y (slot-value o2 'slot2))))))

(test dynamic-let.3
  (let ((o1 *dynamic-let.test-instance-1*)
        (exit nil)
        (fail nil))
    (flet ((make-runner (values)
             (lambda ()
               (slot-dlet (((o1 'slot2) :start))
                 (let ((value (slot2 o1)))
                   (unless (eq value :start)
                     (setf fail value)))
                 (loop until (eq exit t) do
                   (setf (slot2 o1) (elt values (random (length values))))
                   (let ((value (slot2 o1)))
                     (unless (member value values)
                       (setf fail value)
                       (setf exit t))))))))
      (let ((r1 (bt:make-thread (make-runner '(:k1 :k2))))
            (r2 (bt:make-thread (make-runner '(:k3 :k4))))
            (r3 (bt:make-thread (make-runner '(:k5 :k6)))))
        (sleep .1)
        (setf exit t)
        (map nil #'bt:join-thread (list r1 r2 r3))
        (is (eq (slot2 o1) :b))
        (is (null fail))))))

Then let's test the dynamic variable itself:

(test dynamic-let.4
  "Test basic dvar operators."
  (let ((dvar (make-dynamic-variable)))
    (is (eql 42 (dset dvar 42)))
    (is (eql 42 (dref dvar)))
    (ignore-errors
     (dlet ((dvar :x))
       (is (eql :x (dref dvar)))
       (error "foo")))
    (is (eql 42 (dref dvar)))))

(test dynamic-let.5
  "Test bound-p operator."
  (let ((dvar (make-dynamic-variable)))
    (is (not (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar)))
    (dset dvar 15)
    (is (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar))
    (dynamic-variable-makunbound dvar)
    (is (not (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar)))))

(test dynamic-let.6
  "Test makunbound operator."
  (let ((dvar (make-dynamic-variable)))
    (dset dvar t)
    (is (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar))
    (finishes (dynamic-variable-makunbound dvar))
    (is (not (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar)))))

(test dynamic-let.7
  "Test locally bound-p operator."
  (let ((dvar (make-dynamic-variable)))
    (is (not (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar)))
    (dlet ((dvar 15))
      (is (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar)))
    (is (not (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar)))))

(test dynamic-let.8
  "Test locally unbound-p operator."
  (let ((dvar (make-dynamic-variable)))
    (dset dvar t)
    (is (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar))
    (dlet ((dvar nil))
      (is (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar))
      (finishes (dynamic-variable-makunbound dvar))
      (is (not (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar))))
    (is (dynamic-variable-bound-p dvar))))

(test dynamic-let.9
  "Stress test the implementation (see :FAKE-PROGV-KLUDGE)."
  (finishes                              ; at the same time
    (let ((dvars (loop repeat 4096 collect (make-dynamic-variable))))
      ;; ensure tls variable
      (loop for v in dvars do
        (dlet ((v 1))))
      (loop for i from 0 below 4096
            for r = (random 4096)
            for v1 in dvars
            for v2 = (elt dvars r) do
              (when (zerop (mod i 64))
                (pass))
              (dlet ((v1 42)
                     (v2 43))
                (values))))))

(test dynamic-let.0
  "Stress test the implementation (see :FAKE-PROGV-KLUDGE)."
  (finishes                             ; can be gc-ed
    (loop for i from 0 below 4096 do
      (when (zerop (mod i 64))
        (pass))
      (dlet (((make-dynamic-variable) 42))
        (values)))))

All that is left is to test both dynamic variable implementations:

BLOG/DLET> (lisp-implementation-type)
"ECL"
BLOG/DLET> (run-tests)
Test DYNAMIC-LET.1... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.2... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.3... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.4... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.5... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.6... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.7... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.8... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.9... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.0... Passed.
NIL

And with the kludge:

BLOG/DLET> (lisp-implementation-type)
"SBCL"
BLOG/DLET> (run-tests)
Test DYNAMIC-LET.1... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.2... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.3... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.4... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.5... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.6... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.7... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.8... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.9... Passed.
Test DYNAMIC-LET.0... Passed.
NIL

Summary

In this post we've made our implementation to work on SBCL even when there are more than a few thousand dynamic variables. We've also added a simple test suite that checks the basic behavior.

As it often happens, after achieving some goal we get greedy and achieve more. That's the case here as well. In the next (and the last) post in this series I'll explore the idea of adding truly thread-local variables without a shared global value. This will be useful for lazily creating context on threads that are outside of our control. We'll also generalize the implementation so it is possible to subclass and implement ones own flavor of a dynamic variable.

.

This year's Halloween story, written on leaves and serialized daily on my blog, one sentence at a time, is done. Every day in October, I added to it, it reached its last words on Halloween.

Funny thing, though. In conversations with two different friends, I learned that neither of them had realized it was a story. They each thought I was just posting random sentences written on leaves. One of them is an artist, and thinks primarily in visual terms, so I thought at first that was a misunderstanding curious to her. The other, however, is a well-known writer and, what's more important, quite a good one. I have no idea what's going on there.

Long story short, at my behest, my son Sean, put all the photos up on Imgur, subtitled. So, if you didn't realize that they told a story... Or if, somehow, you weren't able to hold all the sentences in your head until the story was complete... Now you can find out what was going on. (The stone angels mark the ends of paragraphs.)

You can find it by clicking on the link here.

*

Olympics 2024



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