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The Best vs. the Rest: The Global Productivity Slowdown Hides an Increasing Performance Gap across Firms

Well-known global companies such as Google, Apple and Amazon of the digital era as well as more traditional ones of the likes of BMW, L’Oreal and Nestlé have recorded impressive productivity gains over the 2000s as they created more and more revenue per employee. At the same time, aggregate productivity growth in the OECD – that reflects the performance of all businesses not just the few most successful ones – has stagnated.




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Portugal: Successful reforms have underpinned economic recovery

The Portuguese economy is gradually recovering from a deep recession thanks to a broad structural reform agenda that has led to rising economic growth, falling unemployment and remarkable progress in export performance.




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Italy’s reforms are paying off but challenges remain

Italy is recovering after a deep and long recession. Structural reforms, accommodative monetary and fiscal conditions, and low commodity prices have spearheaded the ongoing economic recovery.




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Efficient, Equitable and Enforceable: three "Es" for reforming India's tax system and better finance public services

Promoting inclusive growth in India requires improving social and physical infrastructure.




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Spain: Maintain reform momentum to enhance economic recovery and boost inclusive growth

The Spanish economy is enjoying a robust recovery from a deep recession, with structural reforms contributing to high growth rates and a gradual decline in unemployment.




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China: time to focus on financial risks and structural reform

As the Chinese economy matures to a slower but more sustainable growth path, policy efforts need to focus more on efficiency, stability and inclusiveness, according to a new OECD report.




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Reforming Brazil’s pension system

Brazil’s old-age pensions have reduced old-age poverty below OECD levels, but pension expenditures of 8.2% of GDP are expected to rise rapidly as the population ages. A pension reform is necessary to ensure the financial sustainability of the system.




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OECD Technical Report on Progress on Structural Reform Under the G20 ESRA

This OECD technical report to G-20 Finance Ministers and Governors provides an assessment of progress on structural reform to achieve strong, sustainable and balanced growth under the G-20 Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda (ESRA) agreed at the Hangzhou summit.




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Reforming Brazil’s old-age pension system to ensure its sustainability

Pensions have been successful in reducing old-age poverty well below the population-wide average, and below the OECD average. At present, all pension recipients – and this includes around 90% of those aged 65 and above – receive at least the minimum wage, which is more than 5 times as much as the poverty line of BRL 170 (equivalent to USD 55).




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Solving Non-Performing Loans in Europe to speed up the recovery

Almost 10 years after the outset of the financial crisis in summer 2008, European growth remains modest, constantly underperforming the OECD average.




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Reforms for more and better quality jobs in Spain

The Spanish economy is growing strongly, but there is a risk that many people are being left behind.




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Public investment, tax and education reforms will help bolster inclusive growth in Belgium

A combination of market-based policies and a redistributive welfare state have boosted Belgium’s per-capita GDP to well above the average of OECD countries and raised well-being, according to a new OECD report.




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Argentina: Further reforms are needed to boost sustainable and inclusive growth

Argentina is making progress in its path to advance its growth agenda. The first OECD Multi-dimensional Economic Survey of Argentina underlines the achievements to date of the government’s recent and comprehensive programme of macroeconomic and structural reforms.




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Boosting firm dynamism and performance in China

With persisting slower growth worldwide and in China, over-capacity in some heavy industry sectors, declining profitability, and intensifying competition from other, lower-cost emerging economies, corporate behaviour in China needs to change and focus more on efficiency and sustainability.




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France: Economy is expanding but reforms needed to maintain benefits and boost jobs

The French economy is expanding, the labour market is recovering – albeit gradually - while productivity and the standard of living remain generally high, according to a new OECD report.




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Latvia: Maintain robust expansion and continue reforms to achieve income convergence and more inclusive growth

Successful implementation of economic reforms has boosted the Latvian economy, leading to strong growth, rising wages and solid public finances. Further policy action is now needed to accelerate productivity growth, create jobs, drive down poverty, improve living standards and ensure that everyone benefits from more inclusive growth, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Continuing the reform process in France to improve job and income prospects

Economic growth is strengthening in France, supported by consumption and investment, and the labour market is gradually recovering, as past reductions of comparatively high labour and business taxes are starting to take effect. However, GDP and employment growth are still lagging relative to the euro-area average.




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Corporate governance and firm performance in China

A key priority in China’s "new normal" period -- where returns on investment are slackening -- is corporate governance, which could lead to enhanced productivity by a better management of resources at the firm level.




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Reigniting growth through productivity-enhancing reforms in Colombia

Over the past decade, sound macroeconomic policies and an improved business environment have helped generate relatively strong GDP growth.




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The quantification of structural reforms: extending the framework to emerging market economies

This paper estimates and quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income for a large set of OECD and non-OECD countries.




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Switzerland’s productivity puzzle: Being a leader and an underperformer

Switzerland is among the leaders in many global rankings including on R&D, innovation, infrastructure, universities and competitiveness. It is well integrated in global value chains, specialised in some high-value-added activities and home of many large multinationals. These factors should contribute to high, and rising, labour productivity.




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Public spending in education and student’s performance in Colombia

This paper investigates if higher public spending in education and better teacher qualifications are related to student’s performance, using data from Saber 11, a national standardized test conducted by Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación.




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Further reforms to spur trade and investment key for Brazil’s inclusive growth

Brazil is emerging from its long recession and is headed for solid growth in 2018 and 2019 as recent structural reforms start to bear fruit. Sustaining this recovery, unleashing Brazil’s full economic potential and spreading the benefits fairly will require additional efforts to rein in public spending, increase trade and investment, and further focus social spending on those most in need, according to a new OECD report.




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Finland: growing and reforming, but no time for complacency

After a long period of lacklustre economic performance, robust growth has resumed.




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Global upswing should be used to implement structural reforms to boost incomes and well-being – for the longer term and for all

Governments must implement comprehensive structural reform programmes to sustain stronger, greener and more inclusive growth that will extend beyond the current cyclical upswing, according to the OECD’s annual Going for Growth report.




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Tunisia: New structural reforms needed to revive growth and job creation

The Tunisian economy is recovering, driven by good harvests and strong performance in the tourism sector, but further reforms are needed to ensure sustainable growth and higher living standards for all Tunisians, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Structural reforms to boost growth and living standards in Argentina

Over the last decades Argentina’s living standards have lost ground relative to other developed and emerging economies. Putting Argentina on a path to stronger, inclusive and job-rich growth requires boosting productivity and strengthening investment through wide-ranging structural reforms.




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Boosting export performance in Chile

Chile’s export growth has disappointed over the past two decades. In particular, exports of goods and services - in volume - have only grown at 1.1% annually over 2009-17 and at around 2.0% for non-copper products and services, compared to 4.2% in the average Latin American country.




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Thailand is advancing in participatory and evidence-based regulatory reform

Reforming the public sector, long a priority for Thailand, involves several challenges. Among these, insufficient public participation in policy-making is undermining the efficient allocation of resources toward public needs and development goals.




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Benefit reform for employment and equal opportunity in Finland

The combination of different working-age benefits, childcare costs and income taxation creates complexity, reduces work incentives and holds back employment.




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Tax reform to support growth and employment in Finland

Finland raises a large amount of taxes to finance high-quality public services and redistribute income.




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1st Joint IMF-OECD-World Bank Conference on Structural Reforms

1st Joint IMF-OECD-World Bank Conference on Structural Reforms




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Deeper reforms in Germany will ensure more inclusive and sustainable growth

The German economy is undergoing a robust expansion, with record-low unemployment and real wage gains underpinning domestic demand while strong exports are driving business investment. The strong fiscal position will offer opportunities for funding structural reforms and public investment to meet future challenges, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Further reforms needed for a stronger and more integrated Europe

The European economy is growing robustly, helped by accommodative monetary policy, mildly expansionary fiscal policy and the global acceleration. The current economic expansion should be used to speed up implementation of reforms to the euro area architecture and EU policies that would support greater European integration and ensure stronger, more inclusive long-term growth, according to two new reports from the OECD.




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Deeper reforms in Korea will ensure more inclusive and sustainable growth

Short-term prospects for the Korean economy are good, with an uptick in world trade and fiscal policy driving growth, but productivity remains relatively low and the country faces the most rapid population ageing in the OECD area, according to a new report from the OECD.




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Further reforms can foster more inclusive labour markets in The Netherlands

Economic performance in The Netherlands is vibrant and growth is expected to remain robust, underpinned by sound public finances, healthy job creation and high levels of confidence. The current economic expansion should be used to speed up implementation of reforms to ensure future stability and support more inclusive labour markets, according to a new report from the OECD.




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The quantification of structural reforms: Taking stock of the results for OECD and non-OECD countries

This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes.




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Reforms in Lithuania are reinforcing economic growth but boosting productivity is still a challenge

Lithuania’s economy has grown faster than most other OECD economies over the past 10 years, unemployment continues to fall and public finances have stabilised after a long period of deficits and rising debt.




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OECD economic scenarios to 2060 illustrate the long-run benefits of structural reforms

Policy choices made today can have important positive effects on future living standards, according to new long-term economic scenarios released by the OECD.




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The quantification of structural reforms: Introducing country-specific policy effects

This paper presents country-specific effects of structural reforms. It discusses how sizeable and interesting country-specific effects can be identified in a panel setting by conditioning the impact of individual policies on their own level or on the stance of other policies and institutions.




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Reforms for sustainable productivity growth in Ireland

The Irish economy has experienced a decline in productivity growth over the past decade. This has mostly reflected the poor performance of local firms, with the large productivity gap between foreign-owned and local enterprises having widened.




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Who are the beneficiaries of the structural funds and the cohesion fund and how does the cohesion policy impact firm-level performance?

This paper exploits a new database that is unique in its scale and scope containing detailed information on over two million projects carried out by one million firms that benefited from the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund in 25 EU member countries during the multi-annual financial framework 2007-2013.




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Further reforms will promote a more inclusive and resilient Indonesian economy

A steady economic expansion in Indonesia is boosting living standards, curbing poverty and offering millions of people greater access to public services.




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Reforming the large business groups to promote productivity and inclusion in Korea

Large business groups, which played a key role in Korea's economic development, are still dominant today, especially in exporting.




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Regulatory framework for the loan-based crowdfunding platforms

In a growing number of OECD countries policymakers are designing specific regulations for lending-based crowdfunding platforms.




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Reforms are essential for Brazil to build on recent success, says OECD

The Brazilian economy has made a rapid recovery from the global economic crisis, but further reforms are necessary to boost long-term growth, spur investment and further reduce poverty, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Survey of Brazil.




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Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012 - Brazil Country Note

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.




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Global Forum on Tax Transparency: New reports review jurisdictions’ information exchange

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes has released peer review reports assessing the tax systems of 13 jurisdictions for information exchange.




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Next step towards transparency in international tax matters: Five new jurisdictions sign tax co-operation agreement to enable automatic sharing of country-by-country information

As part of continuing efforts to boost transparency by multinational enterprises (MNEs), Brazil, Guernsey, Jersey, the Isle of Man and Latvia signed today the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement (MCAA) for the automatic exchange of Country-by-Country reports, bringing the total number of signatories to 49.




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Empowering the 40% of young Latin Americans not in formal jobs, education or training could spark new growth engines, says latest Latin American Economic Outlook

Latin America and the Caribbean’s (LAC) GDP will shrink by between 0.9% and 1% in 2016, according to the latest estimates, the second consecutive year of negative growth and a rate of contraction the region has not seen since the early 1980s. According to the Latin American Economic Outlook 2017, the region should recover in 2017, but with modest GDP growth of between 1.5% and 2%, below expected growth in advanced economies.