The OECD and the Government of Kazakhstan are signing today in Davos a Memorandum of Understanding on a two-year Country Programme, which will support an ambitious set of reforms of Kazakhstan’s policies and institutions.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, was in Istanbul on 9-10 February 2015 to attend the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting.

As other high-income countries, Spain has experienced competitive pressures from China and other emerging economies that have resulted in a loss of global market share.

The OECD’s Annual Meeting at Ministerial Level reinforced member governments’ support across a broad range of key OECD work.

This paper examines the use of two forms of non-standard work contracts in Russia with data from an enterprise survey for the years 2009 to 2011. Non-standard work contracts are less costly and more flexible for employers. Internal adjustment in form of wage cuts or unpaid leave is not covered by the Labour Code and earlier practices to impose such measures are less tolerated.

Polish economic growth remains solid and unemployment is decreasing, but further investments in infrastructure and skills will be essential to sustain a continuing improvement in living standards, environmental quality and well-being, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Poland.

Denmark’s economic prospects are improving, but further reforms are needed to maintain the country’s high living standards and ensure the well-being of all citizens, according to a new report from the OECD.

In 2015 the Lithuanian government launched an ambitious Social Model reform agenda aimed at balancing flexibility of the labour market and security provided through the system of social protection.

In 2015 the Lithuanian government launched an ambitious Social Model reform agenda aimed at balancing flexibility of the labour market and security provided through the system of social protection.

Portugal’s economy has successfully recovered from the strong recession that lasted until 2014. Nonetheless, the economy’s still low investment, which has declined far more than in other Euro area countries, remains a source of concern.

For each hour worked Portugal produces about half of the output produced in the United States.

The slowdown in productivity growth - already underway before the crisis – combined with sluggish investment, continued to undermine rises in economic output and material living standards in recent years in many of the world’s economies, according to a new report released today by the OECD.

This paper contributes to the empirical literature investigating reasons for the fall in real interest rates in advanced economies.

Higher living standards and well-being, as well as convergence with more advanced economies, will depend on achieving higher productivity, which in turn would be boosted by more investment in capital.

Today’s excellent outlook offers Israel a unique opportunity to prepare for the challenges of the future which require stronger social cohesion. Israeli society is indeed marked by large inequalities.

Over the last decades Argentina’s living standards have lost ground relative to other developed and emerging economies. Putting Argentina on a path to stronger, inclusive and job-rich growth requires boosting productivity and strengthening investment through wide-ranging structural reforms.

Over the past decade, limited structural reform and capital investment have held back productivity growth and improvements in well-being, and Thailand has lost ground vis-à-vis regional comparators.

Después de un largo período de débil crecimiento, la economía mundial finalmente está creciendo alrededor del 4%, cercano al promedio histórico de las últimas décadas.

This paper provides robust empirical evidence that government effectiveness is a key determinant of sovereign defaults.

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A educação, a proteção social e o empreendedorismo estão entre as áreas em que são necessárias ações prioritárias para acelerar o crescimento e combater as desigualdades econômicas na América Latina, de acordo com a OCDE.

This report compares urbanisation trends on the basis of a common methodology which helps cross-country comparison of the socio-economic and environmental performance of metropolitan areas in 28 OECD countries.

Good public policies are central to well-functioning economies. Better policies on innovation, combined with high-quality regulations and a more efficient public administration, can help Colombia create jobs, boost economic growth and support development, according to three new OECD reports.

The metropolitan region of Aix-Marseille in the south of France needs to tackle its fragmentated governance if it is to return to more inclusive and sustainable economic growth, according to a new OECD report.

This study aims to assess the degree of institutional fragmentation of transport and land use planning in Chicago. It provides an overview of local governments in metropolitan Chicago and mechanisms for coordination. Five main challenges are identified.

Opinion piece on lobbying regulation by Rolf Alter, published in the EU Observer.

The world is experiencing a wave of urbanisation that has the potential to greatly benefit residents, countries and the planet at large. This report analyses the secrets of successful cities and the policies that contribute to their success.

Governing the Metropolitan City of Venice

The OECD’s Annual Meeting at Ministerial Level reinforced member governments’ support across a broad range of key OECD work.

This paper examines the various issues in defining and measuring debt, and explores other data which could be useful, both within and beyond the general government debt concept, to better track and analyse fiscal risks and sustainability issues.

The role of international organisations (IOs) is critical in the development of rules and standards that can help advance the well-being of citizens in an increasingly globalised world.

Governments in Latin America will need to improve public sector management and capacity – including budget allocation – to compensate for the pressure on public finances from sliding commodity prices, according to a new report by the OECD and Inter-American Development Bank covering more than 15 countries in the region.

This OECD review underlines the success of Chile’s infrastructure policies which have served as a backbone for it's rapid economic development and social welfare reforms - but also highlights the need to update public investment processes to reflect a more integrated approach to long-term development.

Este folleto contiene información esencial sobre las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para empresas multinacionales, que en la actualidad constituyen las recomendaciones más exhaustivas aprobadas por los gobiernos sobre la conducta responsable de las empresas.

The OECD’s Annual Meeting at Ministerial Level reinforced member governments’ support across a broad range of key OECD work.

In 2014, many countries implemented the latest international guidelines for compiling FDI statistics. The new standards have resulted in significant changes in FDI statistics, including new measures of FDI at the global level.

This essay by the OECD's Mats Isaksson and Serdar Çelik traces the evolution of global corporate governance standards and make the case for strong, clear, yet flexible public policy to support capital formation, economic stability, and growth. It is published by the Columbia Law School's Millstein Center for Global Markets and Corporate Ownership on the occasion of the Center’s 10-year anniversary.

Healthcare budgets and facilities face an uphill battle against anti-microbial resistance. Can policymakers find a way through? A discussion at the OECD Forum 2019 spelt out some major risks if they don’t.

Imports from Pakistan in Germany decreased to 137300 EUR THO in February from 197176 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports from Pakistan in Germany averaged 81994.24 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 197176 EUR THO in January of 2020 and a record low of 38065 EUR THO in April of 2000. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports from Pakistan.

Imports from Mauritania in Germany increased to 7282 EUR THO in February from 6801 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports from Mauritania in Germany averaged 7221.76 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 29360 EUR THO in May of 2002 and a record low of 480 EUR THO in January of 2000. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports from Mauritania.

Loans To Private Sector in Mauritania increased to 387 MRO Billion in March from 385.10 MRO Billion in February of 2014. Loans To Private Sector in Mauritania averaged 295.77 MRO Billion from 2007 until 2014, reaching an all time high of 398.40 MRO Billion in December of 2013 and a record low of 172.30 MRO Billion in July of 2007. Loans To Private Sector in Mauritania is reported by the Central Bank of Mauritania. This page provides - Mauritania Loans To Private Sector - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Wages High Skilled in Kazakhstan increased to 137400 KZT/Month in 2018 from 113400 KZT/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Kazakhstan averaged 119575 KZT/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 137400 KZT/Month in 2018 and a record low of 109800 KZT/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

IP Addresses in Afghanistan decreased to 14505 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 15003 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Afghanistan averaged 10249.72 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 17245 IP in the second quarter of 2015 and a record low of 3049 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for AfghanistanIP Addresses.

Temperature in Afghanistan decreased to 2.88 celsius in December from 7.73 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Afghanistan averaged 14.04 celsius from 1838 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 28.53 celsius in July of 1997 and a record low of -4.55 celsius in January of 2008. This page includes a chart with historical data for Afghanistan Average Temperature.

Precipitation in Afghanistan decreased to 19.04 mm in December from 42.92 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Afghanistan averaged 26.36 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 134.33 mm in April of 1915 and a record low of 0.13 mm in September of 1929. This page includes a chart with historical data for Afghanistan Average Precipitation.

Afghanistan recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 0.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Budget in Afghanistan averaged -11.59 percent of GDP from 2006 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.40 percent of GDP in 2018 and a record low of -26.80 percent of GDP in 2008. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Afghanistan Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Afghanistan recorded a Current Account deficit of 28 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2017. Current Account to GDP in Afghanistan averaged -46.39 percent from 2003 until 2017, reaching an all time high of -20 percent in 2016 and a record low of -75.20 percent in 2006. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Afghanistan Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.