Italian translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, December 2017

Spanish translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018

Spanish translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, September 2018

Spanish translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2019

Spanish translation of the speech by Mr Agustín Carstens, General Manager of the BIS, on the occasion of the Bank's Annual General Meeting, Basel, 30 June 2019.

Spanish translation of the BIS press release on the presentation of the Annual Economic Report 2019, 30 June 2019.

Discurso del Dr. Agustín Carstens, Director General del Banco de Pagos Internacionales, en la Celebración del 25 Aniversario de la Autonomía del Banco de México, Ciudad de México, 22 de noviembre de 2019.

Angry historians say the stretch of concrete was one of the largest remaining sections of the inner wall

P.E.I.'s Chief Public Health Officer Dr. Heather Morrison says the powerful and potentially deadly drug fentanyl has been found in street drugs in the province.

Interview with Mr Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the European Central Bank, and La Vanguardia, conducted by Mr Manel Pérez and published on 12 April 2020.

Interview with Mr Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the European Central Bank, and Expresso, conducted by Mr João Silvestre on 15 April 2020.

Introductory remarks (by videoconference) by Mr Luis de Guindos, Vice-President of the European Central Bank, to the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs of the European Parliament, Frankfurt am Main, 7 May 2020.

Brydge on Wednesday launched a new update to improve its Brydge Pro+ keyboard with trackpad that recently starting shipping for iPad Pro. AppleInsider goes hands-on with the latest firmware to see how Brydge's improvements have strengthened the user experience of its flagship product.

SO, is it a smoking gun after all? Or is it just a damp water pistol?

Stand-up Romesh Ranganathan is back with a second series of topical comedy show The Ranganation. He talks to Sherna Noah about filming the show in lockdown, the place of comedy in a crisis, and spending so much time with his family.

Source: EFE Verde - La ex secretaria de cambio climático de la ONU que alcanzó el Acuerdo de París y actual directora del proyecto Misión 2020, Christiana Figueres, subraya que EE.UU. "se queda rezagado y pierde competitividad" abandonando el Acuerdo de París y cediendo a otros países el liderazgo de la economía baja en carbono.

A number of studies have examined the early impact of the varicella vaccination program on varicella-related hospitalizations and have found evidence of decline after vaccine implementation.

This study further documents the continued decline in varicella-related hospitalizations during the 1-dose varicella vaccination era and demonstrates statistically significant declines of >65% in all age groups. These data suggest that varicella vaccination prevented ~50 000 hospitalizations from 2000 to 2006. (Read the full article)

Conflicting results exist concerning long-term outcome in healthy infants with metabolic acidosis at birth.

Neonates who appear well after perinatal metabolic acidosis do not have an increased risk of neurologic or behavioral problems in need of referral actions or pedagogic arrangements at the age of 6.5 years. (Read the full article)

A dose-response relationship exists between light irradiance and decrease of total serum bilirubin concentration (TsB) at relatively low irradiances. It has been questioned whether by increasing irradiance a "saturation point" exists, above which no further decrease of TsB is seen.

We found a linear relation between light irradiance in the range of 20 to 55 μW/cm²/nm and decrease in TsB after 24 hours of therapy, with no evidence of a saturation point. (Read the full article)

Since the introduction of effective vaccines in the United States, the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in children aged <5 years has decreased by 99%. In 2007, in response to limited vaccine supply, Hib booster doses were deferred for 18 months.

This review found no significant change in the incidence of invasive Hib disease in the United States during the booster dose deferral period, suggesting that booster dose deferral is a reasonable approach to Hib vaccine shortages in the short-term. (Read the full article)

Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by heterogeneous severity. Previous latent variable analyses of longitudinal data have focused on trajectories of related features such as IQ, and not on changes over time in standardized, observational measures of core autism symptoms.

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–calibrated severity scores allow comparisons of observational data from toddlerhood to adolescence. This first report of latent autism severity trajectory classes indicates that most children show stability in core symptom severity over many years; small groups improved or worsened. (Read the full article)

Mumps outbreaks continue to occur among unvaccinated and highly vaccinated populations. In highly vaccinated populations, options for outbreak control are limited. No previous study has documented the impact of a third measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine dose on a mumps outbreak.

Our study assessed the use of a third MMR vaccine dose for mumps outbreak control in a setting with preexisting high 2-dose vaccine coverage. The findings suggest a potential role of MMR vaccine for outbreak control in such limited settings. (Read the full article)

Cerebral edema (CE) occurs frequently during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children. Severe, life-threatening CE occurs rarely, but subclinical CE is common. Whether the rate of infusion of intravenous fluids influences the occurrence or severity of CE is unknown.

This study demonstrates that the rate of fluid infusion in children with DKA does not substantially affect MRI measures of CE. Studies assessing measures other than edema formation are necessary to determine whether fluid infusion rates influence DKA-related brain injury. (Read the full article)

Despite high coverage with acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), rates of pertussis have increased substantially in 7- to 10-year-olds in recent years. Duration of protection with 5 doses of DTaP may wane earlier than expected and is currently not well described.

This evaluation reports increasing risk of pertussis in the 6 years after receipt of the fifth DTaP dose, suggesting that waning of vaccine-induced immunity is occurring before the recommended adolescent booster dose at 11 to 12 years of age. (Read the full article)

Infants aged <2 months are at highest risk for pertussis morbidity and mortality but are too young to receive pertussis vaccines. To protect young infants, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends mothers receive 1 dose of Tdap during pregnancy.

This article evaluates the effect of Tdap during pregnancy compared with postpartum Tdap and cocooning in preventing infant pertussis cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, as well as their relative cost-effectiveness. (Read the full article)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are effective in preventing pneumococcal disease but are also costly. Although the current US immunization schedule recommends 4 doses, many countries have adopted 3-dose schedules that have worked well, but may provide less protection against pneumococcal disease.

Changing the US 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule from 3 to 2 primary doses while keeping a booster dose would save $412 million annually but might lead to moderate increases in pneumococcal disease, especially otitis media and pneumonia. (Read the full article)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a short-term complication of type 1 diabetes and is a major cause of preventable hospitalization in children. Hospital resource utilization and readmission rates for DKA across the US are not known.

Readmission for DKA within a year of hospitalization is common, accounting for one-fifth of all DKA admissions. Resource use, hospital length of stay, and readmission rates vary widely across major US children’s hospitals, even after adjusting for hospital differences in patients. (Read the full article)

The 1-dose childhood varicella vaccination program in the United States resulted in dramatic declines in varicella incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths. There is little information on the impact of the 2006 recommendation for 2-dose varicella vaccination of children on varicella epidemiology.

In the first 5 years of the 2-dose varicella vaccination program, declines in varicella incidence were seen in all age groups, including infants who are not eligible for varicella vaccination, providing evidence of the benefit of high population immunity. (Read the full article)

School outbreak investigation in Quebec, Canada suggested that adolescents previously vaccinated with 2 doses of measles vaccine beginning at 12 months of age were at greater measles risk than those whose first dose was given at ≥15 months of age.

Greater measles risk among earlier first-of-2-dose vaccine recipients was replicated as a generalized provincial finding during the 2011 epidemic in Quebec, Canada. The mechanism remains unknown, but the findings warrant additional evaluation in the context of measles elimination efforts. (Read the full article)

Preterm infants are born with low serum levels and low body stores of tocopherol. Serum levels ≥0.5 mg/dL are required for protection against lipid peroxidation. Previous studies have shown good intestinal absorption of vitamin E given intragastrically to preterm infants.

Serum α-tocopherol increases after a single 50-IU/kg dose of vitamin E as dl-α-tocopheryl acetate given intragastrically to very preterm infants soon after birth; however, 30% of infants still have serum α-tocopherol level <0.5 mg/dL 24 hours after dosing. (Read the full article)

Waning effectiveness of 5 doses of acellular pertussis vaccines is well documented after 6 years of age, but data are lacking for fewer doses in younger children.

In 2- to 3-month-old infants, 1 dose of the diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccine gave significant protection against hospitalized pertussis. The effectiveness of 3 doses decreased from 84% between 6 and 11 months to 59% after 3 years. (Read the full article)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition and often the presenting symptom of newly diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes in youth. SEARCH previously reported that the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis was 25.5% in 2002–2003.

DKA in youth with type 1 diabetes remains a problem, with almost one-third presenting with DKA. Among youth with type 2 diabetes, DKA was less common and decreased by ~10% per year, suggesting improved detection or earlier diagnosis. (Read the full article)

Corrosive substance ingestion is a public health issue in developing countries. Stricture formation is a late complication of corrosive substance ingestion. The role of corticosteroids in preventing corrosive-induced strictures is controversial.

High doses of methylprednisolone therapy lead to less frequent stricture formation in grade IIb esophageal burns in children who ingested caustic substances and may improve prognosis. (Read the full article)

There is growing support for adopting the milliliter as the standard unit for liquid medication instruction; teaspoon and tablespoon units can be confusing and may endorse kitchen spoon use. There are concerns that parents may not understand milliliter-based instructions.

Parents who used milliliter-only units made fewer dosing errors than those who used teaspoon or tablespoon units. Moving to a milliliter-only standard could reduce confusion and decrease medication errors, especially for parents with low health literacy and non-English speakers. (Read the full article)

The World Health Organization recommends using vaccination contacts to deliver high-dose vitamin A supplementation (VAS) to children aged 6 to 59 months. The effect of this policy on overall child mortality has not been assessed.

In this first randomized controlled trial of VAS at routine vaccination contacts after 6 months, VAS had no overall effect on mortality but was associated with reduced mortality in girls and increased mortality in boys. (Read the full article)

Influenza vaccine coverage is low, and young children in need of 2 doses in a given season are at particular risk, with less than half receiving both doses. Text message vaccine reminders increase receipt of first dose of influenza vaccine.

Little is known about what types of text message reminders are most effective, including embedding educational information. We demonstrate that text message reminders increase timely receipt of the second dose of influenza vaccine and embedding health literacy information improves effectiveness. (Read the full article)

Administration of repeat doses of antenatal glucocorticoids to women at risk for preterm birth after an initial course reduces neonatal morbidity, without affecting rates of neurologic disability in early childhood. However, data on long-term effects on cardiometabolic health are limited.

Exposure to repeat doses of antenatal betamethasone did not increase cardiovascular risk factors at early school age. Clinicians wishing to use repeat antenatal glucocorticoids can be reassured that the risk of future cardiometabolic disease from this therapy is low. (Read the full article)

Few studies have established the protective efficacy of 1 to 3 primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTwP)/diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines against pertussis, hospitalization, or pertussis complications in infants. However, vaccine effectiveness against infant pertussis death has not been previously reported.

This is the first study to report the protective role of ≥1 DTwP/DTaP doses among vaccine-eligible infants aged ≥6 weeks against death, hospitalization, and complications from pertussis. It describes risk markers for death among vaccine-ineligible infants aged <6 weeks. (Read the full article)

If you already use an iPad to do work or make art, Apple's excellent iPadOS will improve the experience, though it still doesn't provide all functionality of a laptop.

Ya paso otro año así que le daremos otro vistazo a nuestra busca perpetua por el ISP mas veloz en México

Since 2012, single low dose of primaquine (SLDPQ, 0.25mg/kg) has been recommended with artemisinin-based combination therapies, as first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to interrupt its transmission, especially in low transmission settings of multidrug, including artemisinin, resistance. Policy makers in Cambodia have been reluctant to implement this recommendation due to primaquine safety concerns and lack of data on its efficacy.

In this randomized controlled trial, 109 Cambodians with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria received dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) alone or combined with SLDPQ on the first treatment day. Transmission-blocking efficacy of SLDPQ was evaluated on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and recrudescence by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (gametocyte prevalence) and membrane-feeding assays with Anopheles minimus mosquitoes (gametocyte infectivity). Without the influence of recrudescent infections, DP+SLDPQ reduced gametocyte carriage 3 fold compared to DP. Of 48 patients tested on Day 0, only three patients were infectious to mosquitoes (~6%). Post-treatment, three patients were infectious: on D14 (3.5%, 1/29), and on the first and seventh day of recrudescence (8.3%, 1/12 for each); this overall low infectivity precluded our ability to assess its transmission blocking efficacy.

Our study confirms effective gametocyte clearance of SLDPQ when combined with DP in multidrug resistant P. falciparum and the negative impact of recrudescent infections due to poor DP efficacy. Artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) has replaced DP and ASMQ-SLDPQ has been deployed to treat all P. falciparum symptomatic patients to further support the elimination of multidrug resistant P. falciparum in Cambodia.

Linezolid is the first synthetic oxazolidone agent to treat infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Infected patients with liver dysfunction (LD) are more likely to suffer from adverse reactions such as thrombocytopenia when standard-dose linezolid is used than patients with LD who didn't use linezolid. Currently, pharmacokinetics data of linezolid in patients with LD are limited. The study aimed to characterize pharmacokinetics parameters of linezolid in patients with LD, identify the factors influencing the pharmacokinetics, and propose an optimal dosage regimen. We conducted a prospective study and established population pharmacokinetics model with the Phoenix NLME. The final model was evaluated by goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap analysis, and prediction corrected-visual predictive check. A total of 163 concentration samples from 45 patients with LD were adequately described by a one-compartment model with first-order elimination along with prothrombin activity (PTA) and creatinine clearance as significant covariates. Linezolid clearance (CL) was 2.68 L/h (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34-3.03 L/h); the volume of distribution (Vd) was 58.34 L (95% CI: 48.00-68.68 L). Model-based simulation indicated that the conventional dose was at risk for overexposure in patients with LD or severe renal dysfunction; reduced dosage (300 mg/12 h) would be appropriate to achieve safe (C_min, ss at 2-8 ug/mL) and effective targets (the ratio of AUC_0-24 at steady state to MIC, 80-100). In addition, for patients with severe LD (PTA <= 20%), the dosage (400 mg/24 h) was sufficient at an MIC <= 2 ug/mL. This study recommended therapeutic drug monitoring for patients with LD.

Exploring different ways of minimising linezolid toxicity without compromising efficacy is a major quest in the treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB)....

We thank Kim and colleagues for their interest in our study....

Perhaps there were some who had hoped for a dossier of lurid juiciness.

Recommendations include expanded residential treatment, public education, and naloxone access The Delaware Drug Overdose Fatality Review Commission (DOFRC) has released its first annual report to Governor John Carney and the General Assembly with recommendations aimed at reducing overdose deaths in Delaware based on review of the circumstances of deaths over the past year. The 23-page […]

NEW CASTLE (April 10, 2018) – In the wake of a dozen overdoses in Camden, N.J., including four that were fatal on Friday, Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) Secretary Dr. Kara Odom Walker is urging people in active substance use in Delaware to be aware of the increased possibility that heroin could be […]

NEW CASTLE (July 18, 2018) – With more than half of the deaths from suspected overdoses occurring in Sussex County so far this month, Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) Secretary Dr. Kara Odom Walker is urging the community to be aware of the uptick and also is warning people in active substance use […]

NEW CASTLE (Aug. 14, 2018) – Eight people have died from suspected overdoses in a four-day span across the state causing Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) Secretary Dr. Kara Odom Walker to alert the community to the wave of deaths and urging people in active use to seek treatment immediately and to carry […]