Disclosed is a process for reducing the amount of sterol in a sterol-containing microbial oil composition, including distilling, under short path distillation conditions, a sterol-containing microbial oil wherein said distillation produces a distillate fraction containing the sterol and a triacylglycerol-containing fraction having a reduced amount of the sterol when compared to the amount of sterol in the sterol-containing microbial oil composition that has not been subjected to short path distillation.

The present invention relates to processes and intermediates for preparing compounds useful as inhibitors of ATR kinase, such as aminopyrazine-isoxazole derivatives and related molecules. The present invention also relates to compounds useful as inhibitors of ATR protein kinase. The invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of this invention; methods of treating of various diseases, disorders, and conditions using the compounds of this invention; processes for preparing the compounds of this invention; intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of this invention; and solid forms of the compounds of this invention. The compounds of this invention have formula I or II: wherein the variables are as defined herein.

A process for the preparation of a chiral compound, in particular posaconazole, wherein the process comprises mixing and reacting the compounds of formula (I) Y3—NH2; of formula (IIa) 0=C═N—Y0 and/or of formula (IIb) and of formula (III) in a solvent in any order to obtain a reaction mixture containing a chiral compound of formula (IV) and/or formula (V).

4,6-dichloro-2-methyl-5-(1-acyl-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-aminopyrimidine is reacted with methanol in the presence of a non-ionic organic base, and moxonidine is obtained directly from the reaction mixture.

Formulations comprising an isosorbide-modified unsaturated polyester comprising maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or maleic anhydride and isosorbide and one or more low profile additives. The formulations exhibit better shrink control in molding compound formulations with standard low profile additives than their non-isosorbide-modified analogues. These isosorbide-modified unsaturated polyester resins may be applied in molding compounds like sheet molding compounds or bulk molding compounds and may be components of fiber reinforced composites or other composite materials.

An ion-conductive thermoplastic compositions contains a partially acetalated polyvinyl alcohol, at least one support electrolyte and at least one plasticizer. The partially acetalated polyvinyl alcohol contains two different acetal units. Electrochromic laminated glass systems produced using the ion-conductive compositions and a method for producing the systems are also provided.

A rubber composition that can be used in applications such as automotive tires and can improve the fuel efficiency performance and driving stability of automobiles and the like, a method for producing a rubber composition, and a tire using the same are provided. A rubber composition comprising: (A) a conjugated diene rubber which is obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound or polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound and has a group having an active hydrogen and a group capable of chemically binding to a silica, (B) a silica, (C) a silane coupling agent (I) capable of reacting with a carbon-carbon double bond of the conjugated diene in the conjugated diene rubber, and (D) a silane coupling agent (II) capable of reacting with the group having an active hydrogen; a method for producing a rubber composition, which comprises mixing the above-mentioned composition; and a tire which is obtained by crosslinking and molding the rubber composition obtained by the method for production.

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of oligonucleotides by the following steps: reaction of a nucleoside with a phosphine derivative, reaction of the nucleotide derivative thus obtained with a nucleoside bonded to a polymeric carrier, oxidation of the carrier-bound nucleoside-nucleotide thus obtained with formation of phosphotriester groups, blocking of free primary 5'--OH groups, elimination of a protective group from the terminal 5'--OH group, where appropriate single or multiple repetition of the abovementioned steps to introduce further nucleoside phosphate or oligonucleoside phosphate units, and cleavage of the nucleoside-carrier bond and, where appropriate, elimination of all protective groups present in the oligonucleoside phosphates. The phosphine derivative used is a compound of the general formula III ##STR1## in which X and L can react with OH groups of the sugar units in the oligonucleotides, and R3 is a protective group which can be liberated by β-elimination.

Antivirally active compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, mercapto or amino; R2 is hydrogen, hydroxy, fluoro, chloro or amino; R3 and R4 are independently selected from (II), (III), amino, hydroxy or an ether or ester residue thereof, or R3 together with R4 is (IV), wherein M is hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable counterion; and n is 1 or 2; with the proviso that, when R2 is amino and R3 and R4 are hydroxy, R1 is not hydroxy and in addition, when n=1, R1 is not hydrogen, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; processes for preparation of said compounds, a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compounds, methods for treatments of virus infections as well as use of compounds of formula (I) without the proviso for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of AIDS. ##STR1##

Catalyst compositions comprising metallocene complexes having polymerisable olefinic groups substituent on an organic group containing a cyclopentadienyl nucleus may be used for the preparation of polyolefins. The catalyst compositions may be in the form of polymers comprising the metallocene complex and may be suitably supported on inorganic supports. Polymers having a broad range of density and melt indices as well as low hexane extractables and excellent powder morphology and flowability may be obtained by use of the catalyst compositions. Preferred metallocene complexes are zirconium complexes in which the polymerisable olefinic group is vinyl.

Metallocene compounds having two fluorenyl ligands bridged with a single silicon or germanium atom, said atom having two substituent groups containing a total of at least four carbon atoms, are useful as catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins. Particularly, it is possible to prepare high molecular weight atactic polypropylene with improved yields with respect to the known catalysts.

Polysubstituted cyclopentadiene compound wherein at least two different substituents are present from the group consisting of linear, branched and cyclic alkyls, aralkyls and alkenyls, and a process for the preparation of a cyclopentadiene compound substituted with at least two different groups chosen from the group consisting of linear, branched, cyclic and aromatic alkyls and alkenyls, characterized in that it comprises the reacting of a halide of a first substituting group in a mixture of the cyclopentadiene compound and an aqueous solution of a base, in which the quantity of the base relative to the cyclopentadiene compound is between 5 and 30 mol/mol, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, followed by the addition of a halide of a second or optionally a third substituting group to the reaction mixture.

Disclosed is a process for preparing bridged Group 4 metal complexes containing a neutral diene ligand starting from the corresponding novel, metal diene containing complexes by reaction thereof with the divalent derivative of a bridged bidentate ligand compound. The novel, intermediate metal diene complexes, their formation from tetravalent metal salts and an integrated process combining both process steps are claimed.

A metallocene compound is provided wherein to a transition metal compound is bonded a multidentate compound wherein a substituted cycloalkadienyl ring CA1 having therein a heteroaromatic group Ra containing an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom on a cycloalkadienyl ring, preferably the five-membered ring thereof, and an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkadienyl group CA2 or --(R1)N--, --O--, --S-- or --(R1)P--, preferably CA2, more preferably a substituted cycloalkadienyl group identical with CA1 are bonded through a divalent linking group. The metallocene compound is suitable as a principal ingredient of a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, particularly achieving a very high effect in making the molecular weight of a polypropylene higher.

A number of process steps are provided that can be combined to produce bridged cyclopentadienyl-fluorenyl metallocenes. The process steps include production of a cyclopentadiene compound from dicyclopentadiene; production and recovery of a fulvene compound using the cyclopentadiene compound; production of a raw metallocene product using the fulvene compound; and recovery of the pure metallocene from the raw product.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a methylene-bridged biscyclopentadienyl compound having the formula I ##STR1##where L are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a cyclopentadienyl group, by reacting one or two cyclopentadienyl compounds LH with formaldehyde in monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric form or formaldehyde-generating reagents in the presence of at least one base and at least one phase transfer catalyst.

The invention provides an improved process for the synthesis of compounds carrying at least one phosphate group, especially polyalkylene glycol phosphate compounds, said process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a compound containing at least one primary alcohol moiety with a diaryl- or diaralkyl-halophosphate whereby to form the corresponding diaryl- or diaralkyl-phosphate ester; (b) reductively cleaving the resulting product; and (c) if desired, repeating steps (a) and (b) with the product of step (b) whereby to produce a compound carrying two or more phosphate groups. Advantages of the process in accordance with the invention are that this avoids the production of by-products and results in products which are low in impurities. Also provided are novel diaryl- and diaralkyl-phosphate ester compounds, in particular polyethylene glycol diphenylphosphate ester and derivatives thereof.

A process to prepare an improved fluid rare earth phosphate catalyst composition useful in preparing alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms is provided. The catalyst is prepared by dissolving a rare earth salt in a C9-C30 active hydrogen containing organic compound and then adding phosphoric acid to the organic compound rare earth mixture.

This invention relates to a composition comprising antimony trifluoride and silica, a method for the preparation of said composition and use of said composition as a catalyst in a process for the oxidation of cyclohexanone to ε-caprolactone.

A metal complex having a β-diketonate represented by the following formula (1): wherein M represents a metal atom of the VIII group, R1, R2 and R3 represent a group or an atom selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom; X−1 represents an ion selected from a halogen, nitric acid, sulfonic acid, fluoroboric acid, fluorophosphoric acid, or perchloric acid ion; L1 or L2 represents a 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline group where these groups may be substituted with a group or an atom selected from an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom. A photoelectric conversion element and a photochemical cell using the above-mentioned metal complex.

This invention relates to processes for the production of organometallic compounds represented by the formula M(L)3 wherein M is a Group VIII metal, e.g., ruthenium, and L is the same or different and represents a substituted or unsubstituted amidinato group or a substituted or unsubstituted amidinato-like group, which process comprises (i) reacting a substituted or unsubstituted metal source compound, e.g., ruthenium (II) compound, with a substituted or unsubstituted amidinate or amidinate-like compound in the presence of a solvent and under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a reaction mixture comprising said organometallic compound, e.g., ruthenium (III) compound, and (ii) separating said organometallic compound from said reaction mixture. The organometallic compounds are useful in semiconductor applications as chemical vapor or atomic layer deposition precursors for film depositions.

Provided is a light-emitting glass which is applicable to, e.g., white illuminators including a light-emitting diode as a light source, and which emits light of a warm white color when irradiated with near ultraviolet light and combines long-term weatherability with high heat resistance; a light-emitting device containing same and a process for producing same. The light-emitting glass includes, as the base glass, borosilicate or silicate glass having a separated-phase structure, whereby the base glass is efficiently doped with, for example, transition metal ion clusters which emit light of a warm white color upon irradiation with near ultraviolet light. With this glass, it is possible to attain increases in excitation wavelength and emission wavelength. The glass thus emits, based on a multiple scattering effect, high-intensity light of a warm white color upon irradiation with near ultraviolet light.

The invention relates to powder comprising at least one element M, at least one element A and at least one element X, in the respective proportions (n+1±ε1), 1±ε2 and n±ε3, in which: A is chosen from Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As and S;M is a transition metal;X is chosen from B, C and N;n is an integer equal to 1, 2 or 3; andε1, ε2 and ε3 independently represent a number ranging from 0 to 0.2, said powder having a mean particle size of less than 500 nm.

The present invention is directed to an electroconductive silver thick film paste composition comprising Ag, a glass frit and rhodium resinate, Cr2O3 or a mixture thereof all dispersed in an organic medium. The present invention is further directed to an electrode formed from the paste composition and a semiconductor device and, in particular, a solar cell comprising such an electrode. The paste is particularly useful for forming a tabbing electrode.

Provided is a method of producing an α-olefin polymer including a step of polymerizing one or more kinds of α-olefins each having 6 to 20 carbon atoms with a catalyst obtained by using a specific transition metal compound. By the method, an α-olefin polymer having a viscosity suitable for use in a lubricating oil can be produced on an industrial scale with ease, and further, the characteristics of the product can be widely changed through the control of reaction conditions.

The present invention provides a process for removing oxygenate from an olefin stream comprising oxygenate, comprising providing to an oxygenate recovery zone the olefin stream comprising oxygenate and a solvent comprising ethanol, treating the olefin stream comprising oxygenate with the solvent, and retrieving from the oxygenate recovery zone at least one oxygenate-depleted olefinic product stream comprising olefin and a spent solvent comprising at least part of the oxygenate.

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for oligomerization of ethylene, comprising a chromium compound; a ligand of the general structure R1R2P—N(R3)—P(R4)—N(R5)—H, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from halogen, amino, trimethylsilyl, C1-C10-alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl; a modifier containing organic or inorganic halide; and an activator or co-catalyst; and a process for oligomerization utilizing that catalyst.

A dehydrogenation process for the dehydrogenation of at least one dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon, the process comprising contacting a feed comprising the at least one dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon under dehydrogenation conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a support and at least one dehydrogenation component wherein said conditions include a temperature of from 400° C. to 750° C. and a pressure of at least 50 psig (345 kPag).

A process for reforming hydrocarbons is presented. The process involves applying process controls over the reaction temperatures to preferentially convert a portion of the hydrocarbon stream to generate an intermediate stream, which will further react with reduced endothermicity. The intermediate stream is then processed at a higher temperature, where a second reforming reactor is operated under substantially isothermal conditions.

The present invention discloses a process for producing olefins from petroleum saturated hydrocarbons. The process of the present invention comprises: contacting a preheated petroleum saturated hydrocarbons feedstock with a dehydrogenation catalyst in a dehydrogenation reaction zone of a reaction system to obtain a petroleum hydrocarbon stream containing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, in which the dehydrogenation reaction has a conversion rate of at least 20%; and contacting the obtained petroleum hydrocarbon stream containing the unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds with olefins cracking catalyst in an olefin cracking zone of the reaction system to obtain a product stream containing olefins with a reduced number of carbon atoms.

A catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite having an MOR framework type, an acidic MFI molecular sieve component having a Si/Al2 molar ratio of less than 80, a metal component comprising one or more elements selected from groups VIB, VIIB, VIII, and IVA, an inorganic oxide binder, and a fluoride component.

A process according to various approaches includes flushing an intermediate transfer line between a raffinate stream transfer line and a desorbent stream transfer line away from the adsorptive separation chamber to remove residual fluid including desorbent from intermediate transfer line. The process may include directing the residual fluid flushed from the intermediate transfer line to a recycle stream to introduce the residual fluid into the adsorptive separation chamber.

A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and partially processing each feedstream in separate reactors. The processing includes passing the light stream to a combination hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactor. The process reduces the energy by reducing the endothermic properties of intermediate reformed process streams.

The present invention relates to a process to make alpha olefins comprising: dehydrating ethanol to recover an ethylene stream,introducing said ethylene stream into an oligomerization zone containing an oligomerization catalyst and into contact with said oligomerization catalyst,operating said oligomerization zone at conditions effective to produce an effluent consisting essentially of 1-butene, 1-hexene, optionally heavier alpha olefins and unconverted ethylene if any,introducing the above effluent into a fractionation zone to recover a stream consisting essentially of 1-butene, a stream consisting essentially of 1-hexene, optionally a stream consisting essentially of heavier alpha olefins and an optional ethylene stream. In an advantageous embodiment the 1-hexene or at least one heavier alpha olefins, if any, are isomerized to an internal olefin and subsequently transformed by metathesis with the aid of additional ethylene into different alpha-olefins with even or odd number of carbons. By way of example 1-hexene is isomerized into 2-hexene and by methathesis with ethylene converted to 1-pentene and propylene.In another embodiment the oligomerization zone is only a dimerization zone and butene is produced. 1-butene is isomerized to 2-butene and sent to a methathesis zone in the presence of ethylene to be converted to propylene. In said embodiment the dehydration catalyst is selected in the group consisting of a crystalline silicate having a ratio Si/Al of at least about 100, a dealuminated crystalline silicate, and a phosphorus modified zeolite.

A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and partially processing each feedstream in separate reactors. The processing includes passing the light stream to a combination hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactor. The process reduces the energy by reducing the endothermic properties of intermediate reformed process streams.

Disclosed is a process for biomass conversion which includes co-processing the biomass with thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic polymer based materials in a catalytic pyrolysis reactor to convert such to liquid hydrocarbons; wherein hydrogen atoms originating with the polymer materials can remove oxygen from oxygenated hydrocarbons produced in the conversion of the biomass in the reactor.

A perpendicular spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STTMRAM) element includes a fixed layer having a magnetization that is substantially fixed in one direction and a barrier layer formed on top of the fixed layer and a free layer. The free layer has a number of alternating laminates, each laminate being made of a magnetic layer and an insulating layer. The magnetic layer is switchable and formed on top of the barrier layer. The free layer is capable of switching its magnetization to a parallel or an anti-parallel state relative to the magnetization of the fixed layer during a write operation when bidirectional electric current is applied across the STTMRAM element. Magnetic layers of the laminates are ferromagnetically coupled to switch together as a single domain during the write operation and the magnetization of the fixed and free layers and the magnetic layers of the laminates have perpendicular anisotropy.

A method of creating a semiconductor device is disclosed. An end of a carbon nanotube is unzipped to provide a substantially flat surface. A contact of the semiconductor device is formed. The substantially flat surface of the carbon nanotube is coupled to the contact to create the semiconductor device. An energy gap in the unzipped end of the carbon nanotube may be less than an energy gap in a region of the carbon nanotube outside of the unzipped end region.

Methods using a sequence of externally generated magnetic fields to initialize the magnetization directions of each of the layers in perpendicular MTJ MRAM elements for data and reference bits when the required magnetization directions are anti-parallel are described. The coercivity of the fixed pinned and reference layers can be made unequal so that one of them can be switched by a magnetic field that will reliably leave the other one unswitched. Embodiments of the invention utilize the different effective coercivity fields of the pinned, reference and free layers to selectively switch the magnetization directions using a sequence of magnetic fields of decreasing strength. Optionally the chip or wafer can be heated to reduce the required field magnitude. It is possible that the first magnetic field in the sequence can be applied during an annealing step in the MRAM manufacture process.

The disclosure relates generally to a method for fabricating a patterned medium. The method includes providing a substrate with an exterior layer under a lithographically patterned surface layer, the lithographically patterned surface layer comprising a first pattern in a first region and a second pattern in a second region, applying a first masking material over the first region, transferring the second pattern into the exterior layer in the second region, forming self-assembled block copolymer structures over the lithographically patterned surface layer, the self-assembled block copolymer structures aligning with the first pattern in the first region, applying a second masking material over the second region, transferring the polymer block pattern into the exterior layer in the first region, and etching the substrate according to the second pattern transferred to the exterior layer in the second region and the polymer block pattern transferred to the exterior layer in the first region.

A process for the production of nanocrystals or amorphous nanoparticles of actives (nanomaterials), especially from the peels of grapes. A dispersion of a micrometer-sized material in a solution of surfactant or a steric stabilizer is first provided. The macrosuspension is then stirred for at least 1 minute at a rotational speed above 500 rpm using a rotor-stator mixer. The stirred mixture is passed through a jet stream or piston-gas type high pressure homogenizer. The nanomaterials produced can be incorporated into formulations for use as nutraceutical, nutritional supplement, or as supportive treatment in medical therapy. The active can be derived from the peels of grapes.

There may be provided a process for producing a polyimide siloxane solution composition having a further improved long-term viscosity stability; and a polyimide siloxane solution composition. In the process for producing the polyimide siloxane solution composition by polymerizing/imidizing a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component consisting of (a) a diaminopolysiloxane, (b) a diamine having a polar group and (c) a diamine other than (a) and (b) in a solvent, the tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component excluding (b) the diamine having a polar group are polymerized/imidized to provide a reaction mixture solution, and then (b) the diamine having a polar group is added to the reaction mixture solution last, and the mixture is polymerized/imidized.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a ready-to-use epoxy composition having a filler content of at least 55 vol.-%, relative to the complete ready-to-use epoxy composition, which comprises: providing a liquid A, which comprises at least one epoxy resin,providing a liquid B, which comprises at least one curing agent,providing a solid component C, which comprises at least one filler,wherein in a first step one of the liquids A or B is filled in a mixing container,in a second step the solid component C is deposited on top of the liquid in the mixing container,in a third step the remaining liquid A or B is deposited on top of the solid component C, andin a fourth step the components are mixed to obtain the ready-to-use epoxy composition.

A process for preparing an aqueous pigment dispersion suitable for use in an ink jet printing ink comprising the following steps in the order I) followed by II): I) providing a dispersion having a sodium chloride critical coagulation concentration of no more than 2.0M, said dispersion comprising a pigment, an aqueous liquid medium and a dispersant having one or more ionic group(s); andII) reducing the hydrophilicity of the dispersant by reacting at least some, but not all of the ionic group(s) in the dispersant with the one or more hydrophobic compound(s).

Bis-Phenol A (BPA) can now be replaced in industrial processes by BPA substitutes. The BPA substitutes can have structures that are derivatives of BPA. The BPA substitutes can be used in preparing epoxy composition, polycarbonate compositions, and polysulfonate compositions or for other uses in place of BPA.

Generally, compositions and methods of producing dimensionally stable three dimensional objects using an additive build up process. Specifically, materials combinable in an additive build up process using a materials printer for the production of stable three dimensional molds useful in the production of molded or formed parts.

The invention provides a process for monitoring and/or adjusting a dispersion polymerization of an olefin-based polymer, the process comprising monitoring the concentration of the carbon-carbon unsaturations in the dispersion using Raman Spectroscopy. The invention also provides a process for polymerizing an olefin-based polymer, the process comprising polymerizing one or more monomer types, in the presence of at least one catalyst and at least one solvent, to form the polymer as a dispersed phase in the solvent; and monitoring the concentration of the carbon-carbon unsaturations in the dispersion using Raman Spectroscopy.

Methods and apparatus for output of high-bandwidth debug data/traces in electronic devices using embedded high-speed debug port(s). Debug data is received from multiple blocks and buffered in a buffer. The buffer's output is operatively coupled to one or more high-speed serial I/O interfaces via muxing logic during debug test operations. The buffered data is encoded as serialized data and sent over the one or more high-speed serial I/O interfaces to a logic device that receives serialized data and de-serializes it to generate parallel debug data that is provided to a debugger. The buffer may be configured as a bandwidth-adapting buffer that facilitates transfer of debug data that is received at a variable combined data rate outbound via the one or more high-speed serial I/O interfaces at a data rate corresponding to the bandwidth of the serial I/O interfaces.

A system, method and computer program product for avoiding a processing flaw in a computer processor triggered by a predetermined sequence of hardware events. The system may include a detecting unit and a power-on reset unit. The detecting unit detects that the predetermined sequence of hardware events is going to occur at the computer processor. The power-on reset unit initializes the computer processor to a state stored in computer memory in response to detecting the sequence of hardware events.

Method and apparatus for managing data in a memory. In accordance with some embodiments, a first data object and an associated first ECC data set are generated and stored in a non-volatile (NV) main memory responsive to a first set of data blocks having a selected logical address. A second data object and an associated second ECC data set are generated responsive to receipt of a second set of data blocks having the selected logical address. The second data object and the second ECC data set are subsequently stored in the in the NV main memory responsive to a mismatch between the first ECC data set and the second ECC data set.