Actress Megan Fox and musician Machine Gun Kelly are expecting a child together.

Corey M. Ziemba
Oct 16, 2024; 44:e0349242024-e0349242024
Systems/Circuits

The visual world is richly adorned with texture, which can serve to delineate important elements of natural scenes. In anesthetized macaque monkeys, selectivity for the statistical features of natural texture is weak in V1, but substantial in V2, suggesting that neuronal activity in V2 might directly support texture perception. To test this, we investigated the relation between single cell activity in macaque V1 and V2 and simultaneously measured behavioral judgments of texture. We generated stimuli along a continuum between naturalistic texture and phase-randomized noise and trained two macaque monkeys to judge whether a sample texture more closely resembled one or the other extreme. Analysis of responses revealed that individual V1 and V2 neurons carried much less information about texture naturalness than behavioral reports. However, the sensitivity of V2 neurons, especially those preferring naturalistic textures, was significantly closer to that of behavior compared with V1. The firing of both V1 and V2 neurons predicted perceptual choices in response to repeated presentations of the same ambiguous stimulus in one monkey, despite low individual neural sensitivity. However, neither population predicted choice in the second monkey. We conclude that neural responses supporting texture perception likely continue to develop downstream of V2. Further, combined with neural data recorded while the same two monkeys performed an orientation discrimination task, our results demonstrate that choice-correlated neural activity in early sensory cortex is unstable across observers and tasks, untethered from neuronal sensitivity, and therefore unlikely to directly reflect the formation of perceptual decisions.

The superior colliculus receives a direct projection from retinal ganglion cells. In primates, it remains unknown if the same ganglion cells also supply the lateral geniculate nucleus. To address this issue, a double-label experiment was performed in two male macaques. The animals fixated a target while injection sites were scouted in the superior colliculus by recording and stimulating with a tetrode. Once suitable sites were identified, cholera toxin subunit B-Alexa Fluor 488 was injected via an adjacent micropipette. In a subsequent acute experiment, cholera toxin subunit B-Alexa Fluor 555 was injected into the lateral geniculate nucleus at matching retinotopic locations. After a brief survival period, ganglion cells were examined in retinal flatmounts. The percentage of double-labeled cells varied locally, depending on the relative efficiency of retrograde transport by each tracer and the precision of retinotopic overlap of injection sites in each target nucleus. In counting boxes with extensive overlap, 76–98% of ganglion cells projecting to the superior colliculus were double labeled. Cells projecting to the superior colliculus constituted 4.0–6.7% of the labeled ganglion cell population. In one particularly large zone, there were 5,746 cells labeled only by CTB-AF555, 561cells double labeled by CTB-AF555 and CTB-AF488, but no cell labeled only by CTB-AF488. These data indicate that retinal input to the macaque superior colliculus arises from a collateral axonal branch supplied by ~5% of the ganglion cells that project to the lateral geniculate nucleus. Surprisingly, there exist no ganglion cells that project exclusively to the SC.

The first computer is thought to be the invention of a 19th century mathematician

Watch how a mother rhesus makes funny faces to her infant child to grab its attention

Not one to hide from the bitter truth, our host, Eric Schulze dishes up the answer

Some researchers initially dismissed the remains of Palaeopascichnus lineari as teeny turds from a bygone era

A century on, the country’s most beloved Thursday spectacle reaches new heights

The 1898 Wilmington massacre left dozens of Black North Carolinians dead. Conspirators also forced the city's multiracial government to resign at gunpoint

A Sudbury pharmacy technician has come up with a better way to do her job, while also improving patient safety. Now her method is being used at Sudbury's hospital, and is getting interest from others.

Austrian manufacturer also optimizes creation of assembly documentation and related bills of material

Solutions Catch Problems Early and Drive Cost Out of Designs

Ramac Analyzes Design With SolidWorks SustainabilityXpress, Finds Alternatives That Consume Fewer Resources

#1 3D mechanical design software helps company quickly design very large assemblies

Besser Company has significantly compressed its mold design cycle

Software will foster supply chain efficiency through better customer, partner, supplier communication

Company purchases 80 licenses of SolidWorks after benchmark testing demonstrates 3x to 7x performance advantage

Customers will be able to pick a flavor and a mix-in and walk off with fresh dessert in less than a minute

Longtime SOLIDWORKS and COSMOS customer reduces costs and time to market

One of the country's largest horticulture machine makers blazes new trails with 3D CAD software

Apple's new M4 24-inch iMac shows that the all-in-one desktop computer still has a loyal fanbase, with every reviewer also relishing the more vibrant colors of the new model.

Apple's overhaul of the Mac mini with M4 has been warmly received by reviewers, with many highlighting how it's one of the best values you can get right now — provided you avoid those pricey upgrades.

Early Black Friday deals are in effect on Apple's 2024 MacBook Pro M4, with every configuration — retail and CTO — eligible for a coupon discount.

Apple is set to streamline its retail displays, making way for new Mac models by downgrading the Apple Vision Pro demo experience.

Apple isn't soldering the SSD to the logic board in the M4 Mac mini, but given the company's history with Apple Silicon, don't expect upgrades.

The first reviews of the New Mac mini, iMac, and MacBook Pro, are in — and surprisingly range from delight to strange cynicism. Plus there are yet more rumors of the next Apple Vision Pro, but you need not hold your breath.

Following the introduction of new Mac models in October, Apple has shaken up its desktop Mac roster. Here's what you should buy, at just about any price point.

You can score up to $150 off Apple's brand-new 2024 M4 iMac and get your hands on one of the best all-in-one desktops. Plus, AppleCare is discounted too.

Apple's 1TB M4 MacBook Pro 14-inch is eligible for a material early Black Friday discount at Amazon, along with savings on the 2024 Mac mini M4 and a record low price on the 13-inch MacBook Air 16GB.

The lowest prices of the year are here well before Black Friday, with MacBook Air models with 16GB RAM dropping to as low as $749.99.

Apple's 2024 Mac mini stashes the power button underneath, a bold move that executives say aligns with user habits, even if it's left some fans scratching their heads.

North Korean hackers have disguised malware in seemingly harmless macOS apps using sophisticated code to bypass security checks and target unsuspecting users.

OWC's new Thunderbolt 5 Hub aims to provide even more access to the fastest ports, by splitting one off into three more.

It is easily possible to double the cost of a new M4 Mac mini by buying Apple storage — but if you know what you're doing, you can buy external drives, and save hundreds of dollars by working off those. Here's how.

Apple's late 2024 update to its Mac and MacBook ranges has brought M4 to the product line. Here's how to choose the best portable Mac for your budget for the 2024 holiday season.

Apple's decision to place the power button of the M4 Mac mini underneath has been questioned by users. In some cases, they've come up with their own "solutions" to the problem.

Advanced configuration parameters control how your Mac stores cached content. Here's how to change the settings.

Forty women climb Machu Picchu to raise awareness about human trafficking during a five-day Freedom Challenge trek in Peru.

Pennsylvania College of Technology’s Diesel Performance Club has captured another first place in drag race competition. The club's 1959 B-61 Mack drag truck, known as “Accelerated Learning,” won top honors in the “Big Rig Auto” bracket at the October Truck Fest at Island Dragway in Great Meadows, New Jersey. That victory qualified the truck for the “King of the Island” bracket race, where it finished in second place.

Alumnus Marvin Johnson Jr. will share personal and professional lessons from his distinguished career leading large-scale global pharmaceutical initiatives with new Penn State Abington graduates.

Pia desperately wanted to work but was always confronted with her background. OM gives her a sewing machine and, with it, a new beginning.

SAS SGPLOT already provides the necessary graphical elements for complex visualization. 3D or high-dimensional data can be easily visualized after being projected appropriately. With SAS' strong support for animation features, SAS users can create complicated 3D or high dimension visualizations quickly.

The post A better 3D scatter plot macro appeared first on Graphically Speaking.

Chief of Defence Staff Gen Anil Chauhan asserted that "we are at the cusp of a major change in warfare".

Captain America: Brave New World will hit the theatres on February 14, 2025

"Nothing is ever really lost," Megan Fox captioned the post

Expanded oversight of Pharmacy Benefits Managers possible Legislation to further regulate the Pharmacy Benefits Manager industry was passed by the General Assembly in late June and sent to the Governor with unanimous bipartisan support. HB 219, sponsored by Rep. Andria Bennett, Sen. Spiros Mantzavinos, Senate President Pro Tempore Dave Sokola, and Rep. Mike Smith, would […]

Department of Insurance will lead effort to rein in monopolistic behavior and excessive pharmaceutical costs Insurance Commissioner Trinidad Navarro announced today that the Delaware Department of Insurance will begin the process of building and enforcing regulations regarding Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) as a new law goes into effect. The new authorities of the department will […]

Delays impacting operations, including payments and insurance transactions Earlier this month, one of the nation’s largest health care companies experienced a cybersecurity attack immobilizing much of the industry. Change Healthcare, a subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group that also operates as Optum Solutions, states that it interacts with 1 in every 3 patient records. Their systems are […]

The son of a Delaware Revolutionary War veteran, Thomas Macdonough would serve with distinction in the War of 1812. After the climactic Battle of Lake Champlain, Macdonough would go down in history as one of Delaware greatest military heroes. In her biography, Virginia M. Burdick discusses the life and times of Captain Macdonough and tells […]