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Health at a Glance 2011 Country note: Italy

The OECD’s latest edition of Health at a Glance shows that medical care is improving in OECD countries, but better prevention and management of chronic diseases is required to reduce costs.




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Israel: excellent primary health care, but hospitals must improve

Israel has world class-primary care services and should now focus efforts on bringing its hospitals up to the same high international standards, according to the OECD’s Health Care Quality Review of Israel.




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Health: men faring worse than women in hospitalisations for diabetes

New OECD data show that men are more likely to be admitted to hospital as a result of poor management of diabetes than women, even when there are no significant differences in the number of men and women living with diabetes.




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Denmark: good hospitals but primary health care must improve

The Danish central government and regions are leading international efforts to reform hospital systems, improving quality and safety by gathering specialists into major hospitals and closing smaller ones.




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Russia’s human capital challenge

To pursue economic growth, Russia must develop its human capital, which requires structural reforms in education, healthcare and pensions. These, in turn, must respond to major trends in service provision, including the increasing role of individual choice, the need to deliver lifelong learning and healthcare, and the risk that Russians will increasingly buy services abroad, rather than work to develop their own national systems.




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Managing Hospital Volumes: Germany and Experiences from OECD Countries

To help inform the Conference on Managing Hospital Volumes, co-organised by the German Federal Ministry of Health and the OECD, and held on the 11th April 2013 in Berlin, the OECD Secretariat produced a paper to provide an international perspective on Germany’s situation and the current policy debate.




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Health spending falls in Italy, says OECD Health at a Glance report

Health spending per capita in real terms fell by 2% in Italy in 2011, and is estimated to have fallen by a further 0.4% in 2012. Spending per capita also fell in 10 other European countries between 2009 and 2011, following the recession and the need for fiscal consolidation, according to a new OECD report.




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Still too much variation in health care quality across Italian regions, says new OECD report

Italy has significantly improved the quality of health care in recent decades but needs to tackle the wide disparities that remain between regions, according to a new OECD report.




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Overview of Health Policy in Italy

Italy’s indicators of health system outcomes and quality are consistently good. This is despite levels of health spending below other high-income OECD countries. However, Italy is lagging behind in some areas, like long-term care and prevention of non-communicable diseases.




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Private hospital prices in South Africa are expensive for citizens

Price levels for private hospital services in South Africa are comparable to the levels observed across OECD countries. But they are higher than what could be expected given the country’s income, according to a new OECD working paper.




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Sustained reforms are essential to reinforcing inclusive growth in Italy

Italy is slowly emerging from a deep and lengthy recession, helped by a range of structural reforms – such as the Jobs Act – and accommodative monetary and fiscal policies, according to a new OECD report.




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Output-based hospital-specific Purchasing Power Parities

Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) are commonly used to convert national currencies to a common unit. The main novel feature in the 2017 report is the collection of comparable and output-based prices for hospital services that can then be applied to matching health accounts expenditure data so as to derive consistent price and volume comparisons of health and hospital goods and services consumed.




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Education: Korea tops new OECD PISA survey of digital literacy

Korea tops a new OECD PISA survey that tests how 15-year olds use computers and the Internet to learn. The next best performers were New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Hong-Kong China and Iceland.




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Education: Korea tops new OECD PISA survey of digital literacy

Korea tops a new OECD PISA survey that tests how 15-year olds use computers and the Internet to learn. The next best performers were New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Hong-Kong China and Iceland.




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Abenomics’ ‘third arrow’ key to revitalising Japan’s economy

The Japanese economy is on a path to stronger growth, but fundamental structural reforms are urgently needed to promote a more robust recovery, address high levels of government debt and reverse a trend toward declining living standards, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Japan.




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OECD presents revised Codes on capital flows to G20

Cross-border capital flows are an integral component of international finance, but require a balanced framework for removing unnecessary barriers to the movement of capital while providing governments flexibility to cope with instances of economic or financial instability, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria said today.




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Luxembourg Hospital Beds

Hospital Beds in Luxembourg decreased to 4.51 per 1000 people in 2018 from 4.66 per 1000 people in 2017. Hospital Beds in Luxembourg averaged 5.30 per 1000 people from 2004 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6.39 per 1000 people in 2004 and a record low of 4.51 per 1000 people in 2018. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Hospital Beds.




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Luxembourg Hospitals

Hospitals in Luxembourg decreased to 16.45 per one million people in 2018 from 16.77 per one million people in 2017. Hospitals in Luxembourg averaged 23.79 per one million people from 2005 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 30.10 per one million people in 2005 and a record low of 16.45 per one million people in 2018. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Hospitals.




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South Africa Imports of Animal & Vegitable Fats & Oils

Imports of Animal & Vegitable Fats & Oils in South Africa increased to 1037.68 ZAR Million in March from 767.27 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Animal & Vegitable Fats & Oils in South Africa averaged 762.05 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1221.56 ZAR Million in November of 2017 and a record low of 336.58 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Animal & Vegitable Fats & Oils.




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Myanmar Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Myanmar decreased to 18.73 mm in December from 45.24 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Myanmar averaged 160.36 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 749.12 mm in August of 1939 and a record low of 0.40 mm in January of 1940. This page includes a chart with historical data for Myanmar Average Precipitation.




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Myanmar Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Myanmar decreased to 3155 USD Million in 2018 from 3464 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Myanmar averaged 779.40 USD Million from 1951 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3818 USD Million in 2015 and a record low of 159 USD Million in 1951.




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Myanmar GDP per capita PPP

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Myanmar was last recorded at 5922 US dollars in 2018, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Myanmar, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 33 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita PPP in Myanmar averaged 2543.91 USD from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 5922 USD in 2018 and a record low of 715.90 USD in 1991. This page provides - Myanmar GDP per capita PPP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Andorra Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Andorra decreased to 1.78 mm in December from 66.44 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Andorra averaged 65.99 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 213.75 mm in May of 1977 and a record low of 1.49 mm in January of 1993. This page includes a chart with historical data for Andorra Average Precipitation.




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Andorra GDP Per Capita

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Andorra was last recorded at 44569.80 US dollars in 2018. The GDP per Capita in Andorra is equivalent to 353 percent of the world's average. GDP Per Capita in Andorra averaged 40161.64 USD from 1970 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 49707.20 USD in 2006 and a record low of 32633.80 USD in 1994. The GDP per capita is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by inflation, by the total population. This page provides the latest reported value for - Andorra Gdp Per Capita - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Education: Korea tops new OECD PISA survey of digital literacy

Korea tops a new OECD PISA survey that tests how 15-year olds use computers and the Internet to learn. The next best performers were New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Hong-Kong China and Iceland.




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Austria: Embrace digitalisation to boost growth and inclusiveness

The Austrian economy is strengthening, supported by recent tax reform and a pick-up in international trade. With business and household confidence rising and the short-term outlook favourable, policymakers should enact deeper structural reforms that will improve both fiscal sustainability and social cohesion.




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Uruguay Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Uruguay increased to 170.49 mm in December from 97.45 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Uruguay averaged 100.76 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 358.54 mm in February of 2010 and a record low of 7.70 mm in August of 1948. This page includes a chart with historical data for Uruguay Average Precipitation.




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Uruguay Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Uruguay decreased to 1164 USD Million in 2018 from 1166 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Uruguay averaged 999.79 USD Million from 1972 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1865 USD Million in 1981 and a record low of 530 USD Million in 1972.




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Uruguay GDP per capita

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Uruguay was last recorded at 14617.50 US dollars in 2018. The GDP per Capita in Uruguay is equivalent to 116 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita in Uruguay averaged 8085.06 USD from 1960 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 14617.50 USD in 2018 and a record low of 5248.90 USD in 1967. The GDP per capita is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by inflation, by the total population. This page provides - Uruguay GDP per capita - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Uruguay GDP per capita PPP

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Uruguay was last recorded at 20916.20 US dollars in 2018, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Uruguay, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 118 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita PPP in Uruguay averaged 14624.22 USD from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 20916.20 USD in 2018 and a record low of 9841.90 USD in 1990. The GDP per capita PPP is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by purchasing power parity, by the total population. This page provides - Uruguay GDP per capita PPP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Italy General Government Debt

Government Debt in Italy increased to 2446893 EUR Million in February from 2443483 EUR Million in January of 2020. Government Debt in Italy averaged 719921.78 EUR Million from 1950 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2462572.70 EUR Million in August of 2019 and a record low of 1320.50 EUR Million in April of 1950. This page provides the latest reported value for - Italy General Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Morocco Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Morocco decreased to 2.47 mm in December from 8.07 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Morocco averaged 27.18 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 126.11 mm in December of 1996 and a record low of 0 mm in July of 1980. This page includes a chart with historical data for Morocco Average Precipitation.




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Morocco Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Morocco increased to 3465 USD Million in 2018 from 3461 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Morocco averaged 1588.49 USD Million from 1956 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3651 USD Million in 2013 and a record low of 104 USD Million in 1956.




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Morocco Gross Fixed Capital Formation

Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Morocco increased to 314963 MAD Million in 2018 from 302226 MAD Million in 2017. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Morocco averaged 75401.06 MAD Million from 1952 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 314963 MAD Million in 2018 and a record low of 690 MAD Million in 1957. This page provides - Morocco Gross Fixed Capital Formation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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High-level seminar on capital flow management and liberalisation: the role of international co-operation

This seminar aimed to advance shared understandings on policies to make the most of cross-border capital flows in support of growth and development and on the value of international co-operation, including the OECD Codes of Liberalisation, in the current context of serious global financial turbulence.




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13th Tokyo Roundtable on Capital Market Reform in Asia

The implications of the European sovereign debt crisis for Asia, the globalisation of the funding of investments and the contribution of long-term institutional investors to growth were amongst the topics explored at the 2013 Tokyo Roundtable.




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Long-term investment, the cost of capital and the dividend and buyback puzzle

The paper argues that interest rates are at extremely low levels to support banks, and the search for yield has pushed the liquidity driven speculative bubble from real estate, derivatives and structured products markets into the corporate debt market. Equities have rallied strongly too. This asset cycle is certainly helping banks reduce hidden losses on illiquid securities and could also help reduce the cost of equity.




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Macro-prudential Policy, Bank Systemic Risk and Capital Controls

This paper looks at macro-prudential policies in the light of empirical evidence on the determinants of bank systemic risk, and the effectiveness of capital controls. It concludes that complexity and interdependence is such that care should be taken in implementing macro-prudential policies until much more is understood about these issues.




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Capital Controls on Inflows, the Global Financial Crisis and Economic Growth: Evidence for Emerging Economies

This paper investigates whether countries that had controls on inflows in place prior to the crisis were less vulnerable during the global financial crisis. More generally, it examines economic growth effects of such controls over the entire economic cycle, finding that capital restrictions on inflows (particularly debt liabilities) may be useful in good times but may have adverse effects in a crisis.




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14th Tokyo Roundtable on Capital Market Reform in Asia

Discussions at the 14th roundtable focussed on quantitative easing (QE) tapering to Asia, financial regulatory reforms, financial liberalisation and fragmenting growth, long-term investment for infrastructure, financial inclusion and disaster risk financing in insurance and financial markets.




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Pooling of Institutional Investors Capital – Selected Case Studies in unlisted equity infrastructure

This G20 report looks at the evolution of private institutional investment in infrastructure and examines how the market has developed; analyses various investment vehicles with a snapshot of the growth experienced in the market; categorises methods used for investing in infrastructure; and, highlights the challenges and barriers to investment.




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15th Tokyo Roundtable on Capital Market and Financial Reform in Asia

This roundtable offers a forum for regulators, policy-makers, experts, practitioners, scholars and international organisations to discuss issues relating to capital market reform in Asia.




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The OECD's approach to capital flow management measures used with a macro-prudential intent

This report responds to a request from the G20 that the IMF and OECD assess whether further work is needed on their respective approaches to measures which are both macro-prudential and capital flow measures, taking into account their individual mandates. The report was transmitted to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at their meeting on 16-17 April 2015 in Washington D.C.




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New G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance to promote trust and improve the functioning of capital markets in Asia

As part of continuing efforts to support market confidence and business integrity, the OECD has launched in Asia a new set of corporate governance principles that were endorsed at the G20 Finance Ministers meeting in September 2015.




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Keeping capital flows orderly

2 December 2015 - The global financial and economic crisis of 2008 left the international monetary system with vulnerabilities caused by volatile capital flows and spillovers from national policy responses. The current policy environment has moved multilateral co-operation, openness and transparency to the top of the capital flow policy agenda.




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The problem: Clean energy does not have enough profitable projects

OECD's Adrian Blundell-Wignall explains why clean energy projects are not attracting investors despite the availability of fund for investment. This paper was presented at a high-level breakfast event on institutional investors and the low-carbon transition hosted by the OECD Secretary-General during COP21 on 9 December 2015.




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Opportunities and limitations of public equity markets for SMEs

This article on public equity financing for SMEs complements earlier OECD work on market-based finance for SMEs. The development of this market segment could promote investment in SMEs and, together with securitisation and other non-bank debt financing instruments, encourage an enhanced allocation of risk and risk taking, and thus support growth.




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Seminar on open and orderly capital movements

Co-organised by the OECD and the German Federal Ministry of Finance, the seminar focused on the policy implications of the increasingly interconnected global financial and economic system and the need for an open and orderly regime for capital flows in the context of the review of the OECD Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements.




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More private capital for infrastructure investment in Asia?

Since the financial crisis, infrastructure investment has moved up the political agenda in most countries – now also including the USA. Asia is often seen as the world’s infrastructure laboratory, with massive construction of transport and energy projects. This article discusses infrastructure investment, private finance, and institutional investors in Asia from a global perspective.




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Ensuring financial education and consumer protection for all in the digital age

This report discusses the implications of the digitalisation of finance for financial education and relevant consumer protection issues and provides an overview of digital financial services around the world.