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Statutory tax rates on dividends, interest and capital gains: The debt equity bias at the personal level

This paper presents statutory tax rates on several forms of capital income, including dividends, interest on bonds and bank accounts, and capital gains on shares and real property, including integration between the corporate and personal levels. It updates the rates from an earlier tax working paper and extends the analysis to consider the debt-equity bias of the tax system when the personal level of taxation is considered.




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Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation: More than 110 countries agree to work towards a consensus-based solution

More than 110 countries and jurisdictions have agreed to review two key concepts of the international tax system, responding to a mandate from the G20 Finance Ministers to work on the implications of digitalisation for taxation.




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OECD Workshop on digital financial assets

Paris, 15-16 May 2018 - This workshop will focus on recent developments and main policy challenges related to the emergence of digital financial assets. Discussions will cover monetary policy and financial systems, regulation, firms’ business and funding models, and taxation.




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At G20 Summit OECD’s Gurría says collective action vital to tackle global challenges

International cooperation and collective action are critical to tackling the world’s major challenges, OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría said following the G20 Leaders’ Summit held in Buenos Aires amid heightened trade tensions but at which important advances were made on a number of priorities of Argentina’s presidency.




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International community makes important progress on the tax challenges of digitalisation

The international community has made important progress toward addressing the tax challenges arising from digitalisation of the economy and has agreed to continue working multilaterally towards achievement of a new consensus-based long-term solution in 2020, the OECD announced today.




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Mauritania joins international efforts against tax evasion and avoidance

Today, at the OECD Headquarters in Paris, H.E. Aichetou Mint M’Haiham, Ambassador of Mauritania to France, signed the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters (the Convention) in the presence of the OECD Deputy Secretary-General Ludger Schuknecht. Mauritania is the 127th jurisdiction to join the Convention.




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OECD invites public input on the possible solutions to the tax challenges of digitalisation

As part of the ongoing work of the Inclusive Framework on BEPS, the OECD is seeking public comments on key issues identified in a public consultation document on possible solutions to the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy.




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Public comments received on the possible solutions to the tax challenges of digitalisation

On 13 February 2019, interested parties were invited to provide comments on key issues identified in a public consultation document on possible solutions to the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy. The OECD is grateful to the commentators for their input and now publishes the public comments received.




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Public consultation on the tax challenges of digitalisation

As part of the ongoing work of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS and its Task Force on the Digital Economy, the OECD will hold a public consultation event on the tax challenges of digitalisation on 13-14 March 2019.




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Leading global tax administrations agree collective actions on tax certainty, co-operation and digital transformation

The Forum on Tax Administration (FTA), the 53 leading global tax administrations, met in Chile on 26-28 March and agreed an ambitious agenda focused on tax certainty, enhanced tax co-operation and the collective challenges of digital transformation.




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International community agrees on a road map for resolving the tax challenges arising from digitalisation of the economy

The international community has agreed on a road map for resolving the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy, and committed to continue working toward a consensus-based long-term solution by the end of 2020, the OECD announced today.




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Use of digital technologies set to increase tax compliance

The eighth edition of the OECD’s Tax Administration Series published today shows how tax administrations are increasingly moving to e-administration and using a range of technology tools, data sources and analytics to increase tax compliance.




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OECD leading multilateral efforts to address tax challenges from digitalisation of the economy

Today the OECD Secretariat published a proposal to advance international negotiations to ensure large and highly profitable Multinational Enterprises, including digital companies, pay tax wherever they have significant consumer-facing activities and generate their profits.




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OECD and Eurasian officials meet in Azerbaijan to discuss BEPS implementation and solutions to the tax challenges of digitalisation

Over 70 delegates from 14 countries, as well as international and regional organisations, business, and civil society gathered in Baku, Azerbaijan on 8-10 October 2019 for the Fifth Regional Meeting on BEPS for Eurasian Countries.




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OECD and Francophone African officials meet in Senegal to discuss BEPS implementation and solutions to the tax challenges of digitalisation

Over 50 delegates from 13 African countries, as well as international and regional organisations, technical co-operation agencies, Senegalese business, civil society and academia gathered in Saly, Senegal, on 15-17 October 2019 for the Third Regional Meeting on BEPS for Francophone Countries.




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Tax officials and stakeholders from Asia-Pacific meet in the Philippines to discuss proposals to address the tax challenges of the digitalisation of the economy

A regional meeting on tax and digitalisation for Asia and the Pacific , co-hosted by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), took place in Manila, the Philippines on 19-20 November 2019.




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Armenia and Italy agree on OECD/UNDP Tax Inspectors Without Borders partnership to combat international tax avoidance and evasion

A signing ceremony between the Italian Revenue Agency (Agenzia delle Entrate) and the State Revenue Committee of Armenia took place at the OECD today, establishing work plans for two assistance programmes initiated through Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) – a joint OECD/UNDP capacity building initiative.




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International community renews commitment to multilateral efforts to address tax challenges from digitalisation of the economy

The international community reaffirmed its commitment to reach a consensus-based long-term solution to the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy, and will continue working toward an agreement by the end of 2020, according to the Statement by the Inclusive Framework on BEPS released by the OECD today.




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The Global Forum and Italy support Albania in the implementation of automatic exchange of tax information

The Global Forum and the Italian Revenue Agency carried out an onsite visit in Tirana to assist Albania with the implementation of the international standard of automatic exchange of financial account information (AEOI).




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OECD releases BEPS Action 14 reports for Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and Sweden

The work on BEPS Action 14 continues with today's publication of the stage 2 peer review monitoring reports of the seven jurisdictions in batch 2: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and Sweden.




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The COVID-19 crisis creates an opportunity to step up digitalisation among subnational governments

Recent decades have seen rapid growth of advanced digital technologies, including high-speed computing, big data, artificial intelligence, the internet-of-things and blockchain. This “digital revolution” creates significant opportunities for all levels of government to improve the delivery of public goods and services, and to raise more and better revenue.




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Italy Weapons Sales

Weapons Sales in Italy decreased to 611 USD Million in 2018 from 802 USD Million in 2017. Weapons Sales in Italy averaged 476.13 USD Million from 1950 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1715 USD Million in 1981 and a record low of 1 USD Million in 1953. Weapons Sales are presented as a Trend-Indicator Value based on the known unit production costs of a core set of weapons such as aircraft, air defence systems, anti-submarine warfare weapons, armoured vehicles, artillery, engines, missiles, sensors, satellites, ships and others. The indicator aims to represent the transfer value of military resources rather than the financial value of the transfer.




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Iraq Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Iraq increased to 24.20 mm in December from 16.28 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Iraq averaged 16.30 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 82.94 mm in March of 1974 and a record low of 0.01 mm in September of 1936. This page includes a chart with historical data for Iraq Average Precipitation.




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Iraq Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Iraq decreased to 6200 USD Million in 2018 from 7416 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Iraq averaged 5051.20 USD Million from 2004 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 9536 USD Million in 2015 and a record low of 2037 USD Million in 2006.




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Iraq GDP per capita

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Iraq was last recorded at 5510.80 US dollars in 2018. The GDP per Capita in Iraq is equivalent to 44 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita in Iraq averaged 3266.35 USD from 1968 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 5846.50 USD in 2016 and a record low of 1432.20 USD in 1991. The GDP per capita is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by inflation, by the total population. This page provides - Iraq GDP per capita - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Iraq GDP per capita PPP

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Iraq was last recorded at 15564.60 US dollars in 2018, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Iraq, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 88 percent of the world's average. GDP per capita PPP in Iraq averaged 11296.98 USD from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 16512.90 USD in 2016 and a record low of 4045 USD in 1991. The GDP per capita PPP is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by purchasing power parity, by the total population. This page provides - Iraq GDP per capita PPP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Gambia Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Gambia decreased to 11.30 USD Million in 2018 from 14.90 USD Million in 2015. Military Expenditure in Gambia averaged 4.45 USD Million from 1983 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 16.40 USD Million in 2014 and a record low of 0.70 USD Million in 1983.




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Gambia Capital Flows

Gambia recorded a capital and financial account surplus of 2.58 USD Million in the first quarter of 2019. Capital Flows in Gambia averaged 17.80 USD Million from 2011 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 63.30 USD Million in the second quarter of 2017 and a record low of -103.94 USD Million in the third quarter of 2017. This page provides - Gambia Capital Flows- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Burundi Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Burundi decreased to 193.09 mm in December from 235.28 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Burundi averaged 100.01 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 327.19 mm in November of 1961 and a record low of 0.02 mm in July of 1935. This page includes a chart with historical data for Burundi Average Precipitation.




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Burundi Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Burundi increased to 67 USD Million in 2018 from 64 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Burundi averaged 61.12 USD Million from 1965 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 106 USD Million in 2001 and a record low of 14 USD Million in 1965.




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Italy Banks Balance Sheet

Banks Balance Sheet in Italy increased to 3769560.71 EUR Million in February from 3750270.33 EUR Million in January of 2020. Banks Balance Sheet in Italy averaged 2934036.34 EUR Million from 1995 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4247044.51 EUR Million in November of 2012 and a record low of 1393773.06 EUR Million in January of 1996. This page provides the latest reported value for - Italy Banks Balance Sheet - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Italy Government Budget Value

Italy recorded a government budget deficit of 4.51 EUR Billion in February of 2020. Government Budget Value in Italy averaged -4.39 EUR Billion from 1980 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 27.41 EUR Billion in December of 2018 and a record low of -43.39 EUR Billion in October of 2009. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides the latest reported value for - Italy Government Budget Value - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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In support of its active enforcement efforts, Italy should urgently extend timeframe for prosecuting foreign bribery

The Phase 3 Report on Italy by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Italy's implementation and application of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related instruments.




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High-level seminar on capital flow management and liberalisation: the role of international co-operation

This seminar aimed to advance shared understandings on policies to make the most of cross-border capital flows in support of growth and development and on the value of international co-operation, including the OECD Codes of Liberalisation, in the current context of serious global financial turbulence.




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Pooling of Institutional Investors Capital – Selected Case Studies in unlisted equity infrastructure

This G20 report looks at the evolution of private institutional investment in infrastructure and examines how the market has developed; analyses various investment vehicles with a snapshot of the growth experienced in the market; categorises methods used for investing in infrastructure; and, highlights the challenges and barriers to investment.




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15th Tokyo Roundtable on Capital Market and Financial Reform in Asia

This roundtable offers a forum for regulators, policy-makers, experts, practitioners, scholars and international organisations to discuss issues relating to capital market reform in Asia.




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The OECD's approach to capital flow management measures used with a macro-prudential intent

This report responds to a request from the G20 that the IMF and OECD assess whether further work is needed on their respective approaches to measures which are both macro-prudential and capital flow measures, taking into account their individual mandates. The report was transmitted to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at their meeting on 16-17 April 2015 in Washington D.C.




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The problem: Clean energy does not have enough profitable projects

OECD's Adrian Blundell-Wignall explains why clean energy projects are not attracting investors despite the availability of fund for investment. This paper was presented at a high-level breakfast event on institutional investors and the low-carbon transition hosted by the OECD Secretary-General during COP21 on 9 December 2015.




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Co-operation on approaches to macro-prudential and capital flow management measures: Update by the IMF and the OECD

This update report by the IMF and the OECD was delivered to G20 in February 2016.




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Seminar on open and orderly capital movements

Co-organised by the OECD and the German Federal Ministry of Finance, the seminar focused on the policy implications of the increasingly interconnected global financial and economic system and the need for an open and orderly regime for capital flows in the context of the review of the OECD Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements.




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Statement of the OECD Working Group on Bribery on Italy's implementation of the Anti-Bribery Convention

The OECD Working Group on Bribery commends Italy for the adoption of a Bill on 15 March, by the Italian Senate, which, if adopted by the Chamber of Deputies, would significantly extend the statute of limitations to allow more time to prosecute and sanction foreign bribery cases.




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Open and Orderly Capital Movements: Interventions from the 2016 OECD High-Level Seminar

This collection compiles the contributions of senior policy experts, academics, and economic practitioners on developments in the financial integration and financial regulation of cross-border capital flows since the 2008 global financial crisis at the OECD High-Level Seminar “Open and Orderly Capital Movements” held in October 2016.




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Towards an international framework for investment facilitation

Many governments seek to promote and facilitate inward investments that they expect will benefit their economy. This paper looks at the merits of an international framework to facilitate investment in support of sustainable and inclusive growth.




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The digital economy, multinational enterprises and international investment policy

This paper examines the implications of digitalisation and digital technologies for international investment and investment policy, with a particular focus on digital policies relating to national security and digital policies directed at business operations.




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Portugal Hospital Beds

Hospital Beds in Portugal remained unchanged at 3.39 per 1000 people in 2017 from 3.39 per 1000 people in 2016. Hospital Beds in Portugal averaged 3.69 per 1000 people from 1985 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 4.07 per 1000 people in 1989 and a record low of 3.32 per 1000 people in 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for Portugal Hospital Beds.




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Portugal Hospitals

Hospitals in Portugal increased to 21.84 per one million people in 2017 from 21.79 per one million people in 2016. Hospitals in Portugal averaged 21.72 per one million people from 1985 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 24.04 per one million people in 1990 and a record low of 19.95 per one million people in 1995. This page includes a chart with historical data for Portugal Hospitals.




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Italy House Price Index

Housing Index in Italy decreased to 98.60 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 98.80 points in the third quarter of 2019. Housing Index in Italy averaged 106.39 points from 2010 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 120.70 points in the second quarter of 2011 and a record low of 97.70 points in the first quarter of 2019. In Italy, the House Price Index measures residential property market prices. The HPI captures price changes of all kinds of residential property purchased by households (flats, detached houses, terraced houses, etc.), both new and existing. Only market prices are considered, self-build dwellings are therefore excluded. The land component of the residential property is included. This page provides - Italy House Price Index - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Angola Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Angola increased to 193.26 mm in December from 119.29 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Angola averaged 82.07 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 310.41 mm in January of 1912 and a record low of 0 mm in June of 1946. This page includes a chart with historical data for Angola Average Precipitation.




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Angola Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Angola decreased to 2508 USD Million in 2018 from 3063 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Angola averaged 3250.97 USD Million from 1988 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 7798 USD Million in 2014 and a record low of 207 USD Million in 1992.




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Long-Term Care in Italy

An overview of the long-term care situation in Italy is available here.