Austria should eliminate subsidies which encourage early retirement and target social transfers more effectively, according to the OECD’s latest economic survey.

This report summarises the legal and regulatory framework for transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes in Austria.

The transition from education to work is not easy for many young people, particularly when it comes to finding sustainable employment with progression opportunities. Recently established national policies to support youth will be only effective if implemented in a coordinated way at local level.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery regrets that Austria has not had a conviction of bribing foreign public officials despite a number of allegations, 13 years after ratifying the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. However, enforcement appears to be picking up, with one case being tried, two more cases soon to be tried, and four ongoing investigations.

The global economic crisis has had a profound impact on people’s well-being, reaching far beyond the loss of jobs and income, and affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their lives and their trust in governments, according to a new OECD report.

These country notes contain indicators which compare the political and institutional frameworks of national governments as well as revenues and expenditures, employment, and compensation. They include a description of government policies on integrity, e-government and open government.

This publication highlights new evidence on policies to support job creation, bringing together the latest research on labour market, entrepreneurship and local economic development policy to help governments support job creation in the recovery. It also includes a set of country pages featuring, among other things, new data on skills supply and demand at the level of smaller OECD regions (TL3).

Austria should set a timeframe to increase its aid budget in line with a pledge to allocate 0.7% of its gross national income (GNI) to development aid, according to an OECD Review.

AAustria experienced a renewed downturn in its economy and labour market between mid-2011 and late-2014, with increasing rates of unemployment largely due to slack domestic demand. But there are recent signs of a slow recovery: overall and youth unemployment rates and the incidence of long-term unemployment all started to fall in the first quarter of 2015, if only marginally, and employment continued to increase.

Austria needs to do more to help people with mental health problems find a job or stay in the workplace, according to a new OECD report. A more comprehensive approach would help employees and firms alike: mental health issues are estimated to cost the Austrian economy around 3.6% of GDP every year in lost productivity, health care and out-of-work benefits.

This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for Austria. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.

Government at a Glance provides a dashboard of key indicators to help you analyse international comparisons of public sector performance.

Uruguay recorded a government budget deficit of 35177.36 UYU Million in February of 2020. Government Budget Value in Uruguay averaged -1838.32 UYU Million from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 11132.20 UYU Million in April of 2012 and a record low of -35177.36 UYU Million in February of 2020. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides - Uruguay Government Budget Value - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Uruguay increased to 10.50 percent in February from 8.50 percent in January of 2020. Unemployment Rate in Uruguay averaged 7.75 percent from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 13.40 percent in January of 2006 and a record low of 5.40 percent in December of 2010. In Uruguay, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Uruguay Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Uruguay decreased to 56.40 percent in February from 57.50 percent in January of 2020. Employment Rate in Uruguay averaged 58.20 percent from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 61.11 percent in February of 2014 and a record low of 52.62 percent in February of 2006. In Uruguay, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Uruguay Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Romania increased to 323601.80 RON Million in the second quarter of 2019 from 314907.90 RON Million in the first quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Romania averaged 187764.88 RON Million from 2006 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 323601.80 RON Million in the second quarter of 2019 and a record low of 38469.80 RON Million in the fourth quarter of 2006. This page provides the latest reported value for - Romania Central Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in Canada increased to 685.45 CAD Billion in 2019 from 671.25 CAD Billion in 2018. Government Debt in Canada averaged 315.18 CAD Billion from 1962 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 685.45 CAD Billion in 2019 and a record low of 14.83 CAD Billion in 1962. This page provides - Canada Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt In the Euro Area increased to 9859512.70 EUR Million in 2018 from 9760551 EUR Million in 2017. Government Debt in the Euro Area averaged 6776424.73 EUR Million from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 9859512.70 EUR Million in 2018 and a record low of 4072618.10 EUR Million in 1995. This page provides - Euro Area Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Singapore increased to 641094.30 SGD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 612971.40 SGD Million in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Singapore averaged 234324.80 SGD Million from 1990 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 641094.30 SGD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 47443.50 SGD Million in the first quarter of 1990. This page provides - Singapore Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Slovakia decreased to 43184 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 43273 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Slovakia averaged 28637.91 EUR Million from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 44329 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2018 and a record low of 12737 EUR Million in the first quarter of 2003. This page provides - Slovakia Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Portugal decreased to 249980 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 252278 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Portugal averaged 159351.93 EUR Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 252278 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 62915 EUR Million in the second quarter of 2000. This page provides the latest reported value for - Portugal General Government Gross Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in Spain decreased to 1188861917 EUR Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 1207754952 EUR Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Spain averaged 560073464.89 EUR Thousand from 1990 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1210915185 EUR Thousand in the second quarter of 2019 and a record low of 136774640 EUR Thousand in the fourth quarter of 1990. This page provides the latest reported value for - Spain General Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in Russia decreased to 12564.70 RUB Billion in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 14052 RUB Billion in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Russia averaged 7974.09 RUB Billion from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 14052 RUB Billion in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 2454.90 RUB Billion in the third quarter of 2008. This page provides - Russia Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Netherlands decreased to 402002 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 415619 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Netherlands averaged 331062.12 EUR Million from 1999 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 444527 EUR Million in the first quarter of 2015 and a record low of 203865 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 1999. This page provides - Netherlands Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in South Africa increased to 77987 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 70836 USD Million in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in South Africa averaged 37410.59 USD Million from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 81061 USD Million in the first quarter of 2018 and a record low of 11594 USD Million in the first quarter of 2003. This page provides - South Africa Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Australia decreased to 424164 AUD Million in February from 430211 AUD Million in January of 2020. Government Debt in Australia averaged 181251.67 AUD Million from 2007 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 430211 AUD Million in January of 2020 and a record low of -50019 AUD Million in May of 2008. This page provides - Australia Government Net Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Italy increased to 2446893 EUR Million in February from 2443483 EUR Million in January of 2020. Government Debt in Italy averaged 719921.78 EUR Million from 1950 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2462572.70 EUR Million in August of 2019 and a record low of 1320.50 EUR Million in April of 1950. This page provides the latest reported value for - Italy General Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in France decreased to 2380.10 EUR Billion in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 2414.70 EUR Billion in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in France averaged 1453.46 EUR Billion from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 2414.70 EUR Billion in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 683.50 EUR Billion in the fourth quarter of 1995. This page provides the latest reported value for - France General Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in Turkey increased to 1462018 TRY Million in March from 1409519 TRY Million in February of 2020. Government Debt in Turkey averaged 302607.10 TRY Million from 1986 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1462018 TRY Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 15 TRY Million in January of 1986. In Turkey, Government Debt refers to the central government gross debt stock in local and foreign currencies. This page provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in Ukraine increased to 856834047.09 UAH Thousand in March from 814644684.87 UAH Thousand in February of 2020. Government Debt in Ukraine averaged 266211105.04 UAH Thousand from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 856834047.09 UAH Thousand in March of 2020 and a record low of 14428105.68 UAH Thousand in December of 1999. This page provides - Ukraine Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in the United States increased to 24974172 USD Million in April from 23686871 USD Million in March of 2020. Government Debt in the United States averaged 4374856.60 USD Million from 1942 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 24974172 USD Million in April of 2020 and a record low of 60000 USD Million in January of 1942. In the United States, government debt refers to federal debt held by individuals, corporations, state or local governments, foreign governments, and other entities outside of the United States Government less Federal Financing Bank securities. . This page provides - United States Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Morocco decreased to 41.20 percent in the first quarter of 2020 from 41.60 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in Morocco averaged 44.67 percent from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 48 percent in the first quarter of 1999 and a record low of 40.70 percent in the third quarter of 2017. In Morocco, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Morocco Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Morocco increased to 10.50 percent in the first quarter of 2020 from 9.20 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019. Unemployment Rate in Morocco averaged 10.38 percent from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 15.10 percent in the third quarter of 1999 and a record low of 7.80 percent in the second quarter of 2006. In Morocco, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Morocco Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

G20 finance ministers have agreed new principles on financial consumer protection developed by the OECD. “Without consumer trust and confidence we could jeopardise the basis for global economic recovery and growth,” said OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría.

This seminar aimed to advance shared understandings on policies to make the most of cross-border capital flows in support of growth and development and on the value of international co-operation, including the OECD Codes of Liberalisation, in the current context of serious global financial turbulence.

The Latin American Economic Outlook 2013: SME Policies for Productive Development will be launched at the Ibero-American Summit in Cadiz, Spain, on Friday 16 November. This long-standing flagship of the OECD Development Centre is co-published with the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).

G20 Finance Ministers have welcomed a new OECD/G20 framework designed to help governments develop financial strategies for disaster risk management.

This report advances a “green investment policy framework” taking infrastructure investment as a starting point and looking only at climate change mitigation and adaptation. It highlights the significant opportunities and many challenges that exist today in both developed and developing countries to transition to low-carbon, climate-resilient (LCR) development through investment in both renovated and in new infrastructure.

This report concludes that actual application of bail-ins, involving bondholders in loss sharing, could effectively reign in perceptions of implicit guarantees for bank debt. However, bail-ins are rare owing to concerns about contagion risks and depositor and investor protection, so implicit guarantees persist.

This paper addresses several broad issues for governments aiming to encourage private sector investment in low-carbon climate resilient (LCR) infrastructure, in both developed and developing world contexts.

Paris, 5 December 2012: This conference addressed the evolution of the terrorism threat and whether current insurance solutions adequately answer the needs of market players in an ever changing risk context.

The gross borrowing needs of OECD governments are projected to increase slightly to around USD 10.9 trillion in 2013, up from the already high level of USD 10.8 trillion in 2012, according to a new OECD report.

This article summarises discussions from a financial roundtable addressing concerns about structural flaws in the way banks operate and are being regulated and supervised in the wake of on-going banking sector problems involving financial fraud and banking scandals.

The management of operational risk is at the heart of efficient government, but countries often fail to apply good or even routine operational risk management practices and have difficulty in understanding how to put the processes in place. This paper sets out a widely-applicable and relevant policy approach and management framework and illustrates its practical application in Turkey.

The OECD provides an update on global economy in this statement to the International Monetary and Financial Committee - April 2013.

This statement by Adrian Blundell-Wignall and Paul Atkinson was presented to the German Bundestag's Finance Committee Hearing on the Draft Bank-Separation Law (Drucksache 17/12601) on 22 April 2013.

Governments are major issuers of debt instruments in the global financial market. This volume provides quantitative information on central government debt instruments for the 34 OECD countries.

The paper argues that interest rates are at extremely low levels to support banks, and the search for yield has pushed the liquidity driven speculative bubble from real estate, derivatives and structured products markets into the corporate debt market. Equities have rallied strongly too. This asset cycle is certainly helping banks reduce hidden losses on illiquid securities and could also help reduce the cost of equity.

Co-organised by the G20 Russian Presidency and the OECD, this roundtable focused on policy measures to address constraints in long-term investment. It was organised back-to-back with the 2013 OECD Forum and the OECD-Euromoney Infrastructure Summit.

This conference in Moscow explored strategies for developing financial literacy and capability and building effective consumer protection systems.