Federal law requires states to report student test scores in achievement levels, but leaders in the Golden State want to take a different approach.

Background. CLSI and EUCAST susceptibility breakpoints for voriconazole and C. albicans differ by one dilution (≤0.125 and ≤0.06 mg/l, respectively) whereas the epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFF/ECV) with both methodologies are the same (0.03 mg/L). We therefore determined the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints of voriconazole against C. albicans for both methodologies with an in vitro PK/PD model, which was validated using existing animal PK/PD data.

Methods. Four clinical wild-type and non-wild-type C. albicans isolates (voriconazole MICs 0.008-0.125 mg/l) were tested in an in vitro PK/PD model. For validation purposes, mouse PK were simulated and in vitro PD were compared with in vivo outcome. Human PK were simulated and the exposure-effect relationship fAUC_0-24/MIC was described for EUCAST and CLSI24/48h methods. PK/PD breakpoints were determined using the fAUC_0-24/MIC associated with half-maximal activity (EI₅₀) and Monte Carlo simulation analysis.

Results. The in vitro 24h-PD EI₅₀ of voriconazole against C. albicans were 2.5-5 (1.5-17) fAUC/MIC. However, the 72h-PD were higher, 133 (51-347) fAUC/MIC for EUCAST and 94 (35-252) fAUC/MIC for CLSI. The mean (95% confidence interval) probability of target attainment (PTA) was 100(95-100)%, 97(72-100)%, 83(35-99)%, and 49(8-91)% and 100(97-100)%, 99(85-100)%, 91(52-100)% and 68(17-96)% for EUCAST and CLSI MICs 0.03, 0.06, 0.125, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Significantly, >95% PTAs were found for EUCAST/CLSI MICs ≤0.03 mg/ll. For MICs 0.06-0.125 mg/l trough levels 1-4 mg/ll would be required.

Conclusion. A PK/PD breakpoint of C. albicans voriconazole at the ECOFF/ECV of 0.03 mg/L was determined for both EUCAST/CLSI methods, indicating the need for breakpoint harmonization for the reference methodologies.

The hackers have been using files and emails that warn about a new coronavirus strain to trick users into opening them. Doing so can secretly deliver malware to the victim's machine.

Malware on an air-gapped computer can transmit data like Morse code by changing screen brightness in a way that's invisible to the naked eye but easily recorded with a camera.

Parenting styles run the gamut and so do the features in parental control and monitoring utilities. We've tested the top hardware- and software-based services to help you choose the right one for your family.

Erling Braut Haaland and Robert Lewandowski continued to hit the net, although injury means the latter is likely to miss the second leg.

Benetech, a Palo Alto, Calif. based software company, is embarking on is third 5-year award with the U.S. Department of Education to create books for students with print disabilities.

The Penn State Smeal College of Business has announced the recipients of its spring 2020 Senior Awards.

Students celebrated for athletic and student life achievements during the Finally Finished Fest

Your smooth-talking builder may promise you the world, but you could end up in a world of pain, writes Angelique Ruzicka.

Unsuspected consumers are being targeted by fraudsters using the name of Sanlam to swindle cash out of them, the financial service provider has warned.

Payments Association of South Africa has warned consumers to be cautious when sharing personal information which can be used by fraudsters to make unauthorised debit orders.

Ebonie Slade, a senior majoring in biobehavioral health at Penn State Greater Allegheny, is the recipient of the 2020 Jackson Lethbridge Tolerance Award.

Each year, Penn State honors several students for the highest levels of academic excellence, outstanding leadership and meritorious service. The 2020 student award recipients exemplify best practices and achievements among Penn State students, reflecting the University's mission of teaching, research and service.

Dedication to student print journalism paid off for several Penn State Greater Allegheny student reporters and designers.

A new plan from Democratic presidential candidate and former special educator Elizabeth Warren touches on some glaring issues in special education: graduation disparities, hard-to-access school buildings, and discipline practices that disproportionately affect black, Latino, and Native American stud

Two Penn State University Libraries employees at Berks Thun Library, Penn State Berks, have been awarded the American Library Association’s 2020 Emerging Technologies Section 2020 Best Emerging Technology Application (BETA) Award, which recognizes a technology application that directly benefits library users.

Forty-nine Penn State Berks students received recognition for the University Scholastic awards on April 2, through personalized emails. The awards presented included the Evan Pugh Scholars Award,

Five members of the Penn State Berks graduating class were notified that they would be receiving Schreyer Honors Medals, which are awarded upon completion of the requirements of the Schreyer Honors College, including a capstone honors thesis.

Three Berks Thun Library employees received the 2020 Innovation in College Librarianship Award from the College Libraries Section of the Association of College & Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association. The award honors librarians who demonstrate a capacity for innovation in working with or serving undergraduates or instructors in the areas of programs, services, and operations, or creating innovations for library colleagues that facilitate their ability to better serve the library’s community.

The Multicultural Resource Center at Penn State has announced this year’s Senior and Faculty/Staff Diversity Recognition Awards recipients. The 2020 awards honor multicultural University Park graduating seniors who excel in academics, leadership, and service, as well as faculty and staff throughout Penn State who demonstrate a commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion efforts beyond the responsibilities of their position.

Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren's education plan landed on Monday, and among other consequences, it led to a conversation about her past statements addressing "vouchers."

Penn State Harrisburg this spring recognized outstanding employee contributions with the 2020 faculty and staff awards. Nominated by the college community, and selected by various award committees, several faculty and staff members received awards.

Penn State Harrisburg Intercollegiate Athletics recently honored the athletic, academic, and community achievements of its student-athletes during the 2020 Student-Athlete Award Ceremony video presentation.

If you want new printer, there's only one manufacturer to consider—the same printer maker PCMag readers have rated the very best for more than a decade.

Brother International has long dominated PCMag's Business Choice Awards for printers, but this year it's joined by another top contender.

Another dozen school districts have landed federal Teacher Incentive Fund grants, including one that will focus on paying principals and assistant principals for their performance.

Pernille Harder of Wolfsburg and Denmark has been voted the 2017/18 UEFA Women's Player of the Year.

The first defender to win the UEFA Women's Player of the Year award: we salute Lyon and England right-back Lucy Bronze.

We introduce the power and resources released by change. We walk our teachers to the edge of a new world for teaching and learning, step off together and lead while we learn beside our teachers.

Media literacy belongs in science class, insists Media Literacy Now’s Andy Zucker. Here’s how to bring it there.

Anna Squicciarini, associate professor of information sciences and technology, has received a Fulbright Cyber Security Award to conduct research in London in summer 2021.

Elaine Barry, associate professor of human development and family studies at Penn State Fayette, the Eberly Campus, and Janet Spearly, director of academic advising in the Smeal College of Business, have been selected to receive the 2020 Penn State Excellence in Advising Award.

Kaylee Aaron has been awarded the 2020 Student Excellence Award by Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, for her undergraduate research, “Need for Status: An Evolutionary Explanation for Mental Health Issues from Social Media Use.”

Entries from two Penn State students were among winners in categories for professional television journalists as part of the Keystone Media Awards.

If warming continues unabated in the Midwest, in 50 years we can expect the best conditions for corn and soybean production to have shifted from Iowa and Illinois to Minnesota and the Dakotas, according to Penn State researchers.

Tom Nigl, doctoral candidate in materials science and engineering (MatSE), was awarded the Intercollege Graduate Student Outreach Achievement Award from the Graduate School for outreach efforts that promote science within society.

A Florida city made the difficult decision to fork over the cash after ransomware hijacked city computers. Everyone needs to make their own choice, but I firmly believe you should never pay the ransom.

The Association for Clinical and Translational Science recently recognized Steven Hicks for his achievements. Hicks received the Early (Faculty) Career Development Award.

Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia, Samuel Weiss Faculty Scholar and clinical professor of law at Penn State Law at University Park, is the recipient of the 2020 Rosemary Schraer Mentoring Award.

For their longstanding support of the Center for the Performing Arts and the Penn State community, Deb and Stan Latta have been named the center’s 2020 Distinguished Service Award recipients.

"King of King Court" by Travis Dandro, published by Drawn & Quarterly, has won the 2020 Lynd Ward Prize for Graphic Novel of the Year. Penn State University Libraries sponsors the juried award and its administrator, the Pennsylvania Center for the Book.

Penn State New Kensington announced its academic, teaching and extracurricular award winners on May 1, and shared a dedicated, virtual recognition web page, including video messages, photos and award winners.