An embodiment of the present invention provides a TFT array substrate including: a base substrate (1) and thin film transistors. The thin film transistor includes a gate electrode (2), a semiconductor layer (5), a semiconductor protective layer, a source electrode (8) and a drain electrode (9). The semiconductor protective layer is disposed adjacent to the semiconductor layer (5) and includes a composite lamination structure, which includes a protective layer formed of an insulating material capable of preventing de-oxygen of the semiconductor layer (5) and an insulating layer formed of an insulating material to be etched more easily.

This disclosure relates to electroconductive paste formulations useful in solar panel technology. In one aspect, the disclosure relates to an inorganic reaction system for use in electroconductive paste compositions, wherein the inorganic reaction system comprises a lead containing matrix composition and a tellurium containing matrix composition. In another aspect, the disclosure relates to an electroconductive paste composition comprising a conductive metal component, an inorganic reaction system and an organic vehicle. Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a solar cell produced by applying an electroconductive paste composition of the invention to a silicon wafer. Yet another aspect relates to a solar cell module assembled using solar cells produced by applying an electroconductive paste composition to a silicon wafer, wherein the electroconductive paste composition comprises an conductive metal component, an inorganic reaction system and an organic vehicle.

A resin composition, a multi-layered film, a backsheet for photovoltaic modules, a method thereof, and a photovoltaic module are provided. The multi-layered film including a coating layer including a fluorine-based polymer has an excellent durability and weather resistance, and also exhibits high interfacial adhesive strength to a substrate since the multi-layered film is formed by coating a cured product of the resin composition including the fluorine-based polymer, an acrylic polymer including a thermosetting functional group, and a heat-curing agent on the substrate. In addition, drying can be performed at a low temperature during the manufacture of the multi-layered film so that the manufacturing costs can be decreased, productivity can be increased, and the deterioration of the product due to heat modification, heat shock, and the like, can be prevented. The multi-layered film can be effectively used as a backsheet for various photovoltaic modules.

An organic compound and a photoelectric conversion device containing the organic compound are disclosed. The organic compound and device realize high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low dark current and high-speed responsivity. It has been found that when this organic compound and an n-type semiconductor are used in combination, high-speed responsivity can be realized while maintaining high heat resistance, an aspect of which has not been seen when the connection part between a donor part and an acceptor part is a phenylene group.

A layered compound-metal particle composite 3 is obtained by the addition, to an organically modified layered compound 1 formed by the intercalation of organic ions between layers of a layered compound, of both an aqueous colloidal metal solution 2 in which metal particles are dispersed as a metal colloid in water, and a nonaqueous solvent which is a poor solvent for the metal colloid and has an excellent ability to swell the organically modified layered compound 1.

A thin-film solar cell includes a cell having a transparent electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a back electrode layer stacked on a transparent insulation substrate. A plurality of cells are connected in series to constitute a cell string. A bus bar is arranged on the back electrode layer of an end cell constituting the cell string. The thin-film solar cell has a photoelectric conversion layer on a series-connection direction end of the transparent electrode layer. In plan view, a series-connection direction end of the back electrode layer at an end of the cell string and the series-connection direction end of the transparent electrode layer at the end of the cell string do not overlap, while the bus bar and the transparent electrode layer at the end cell constituting the cell string overlap at least partially. A method of fabricating the thin-film solar cell is provided.

The present invention provides an organic thin film solar cell having a novel photoelectric conversion layer with superior conversion efficiency from light to electricity and superior carrier transportability to an electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer is arranged between a pair of electrodes at least one of which has optical transparency, and comprises a multilayer film formed by alternately laminating an electron-donating organic semiconductor thin film and an electron-accepting thin film. The electron-donating organic semiconductor thin film is formed by organic semiconductor molecules in which cyclic compounds are bound in a linear fashion.

A continuous multi-layer film includes a support layer having a first film surface, and a hard coat layer, formed on the support layer, having a second film surface, and having a curling tendency in an inward direction. In the decurling method, the multi-layer film is transported. A first transition of the support layer in the multi-layer film being transported into a rubber phase is induced by supplying fluid vapor on the support layer. After supplying the fluid vapor, a second transition of the support layer from the rubber phase into a glass phase is induced. The multi-layer film is transported while a portion of the support layer in the rubber phase is prevented from contacting a solid object. The hard coat layer is formed from a polymer produced from an ultraviolet curable compound, and the support layer is formed from cellulose acylate.

A film transport apparatus includes: an edge sensor that detects a lateral position deviation of a film; a lateral position correction device that corrects a lateral position of the film with a guide roll; a tension sensor that detects tensions applied respectively near left and right ends of the film; and a control unit that executes feedback control such that the lateral position correction device is controlled on the basis of the lateral position deviation detected by the edge sensor so that the film is located at a target position. The control unit changes the feedback control based on a left and right tension difference, which is a difference between the tension applied near the left end of the film and the tension applied near the right end of the film, the tensions being detected by the tension sensor.

Disclosed is a plastic film with concealed tearable strip, which includes a film body; at least one first tearable strip having two sides respectively forming first and second joint sections; and at least one second tearable strip having two sides respectively forming a third joint section and an internal tear line. The first and second tearable strips each have one side connected to the film body. The first joint section has two sides each forming a tear line. The third joint section has one side forming at least one tear line. The third joint section and the internal tear line have inside faces respectively coupled to the first and second joint sections, whereby the first and second tearable strips are respectively located at outside and inside of the film body and the second tearable strip is concealed at the inside of the film body.

An object of this invention is to provide a cellulose ester film which satisfies the requirement 0.95

Provided are silica-based fine particle dispersion sols, processes for producing the sols, coating compositions containing the dispersion sol, curable coating films obtained from the coating composition, and substrates having the coating film. A process includes (1) mixing an aqueous aluminate solution to an alkaline silica sol which contains water-dispersible silica fine particles in a given ratio; (2) heating the mixture liquid obtained in the step (1) to 60 to 200° C. and stirring the mixture liquid at the temperature for 0.5 to 20 hours; and (3) contacting the mixture liquid obtained in the step (2) with a cation exchange resin to remove by ion exchange alkali metal ions contained in the mixture liquid and thereby controlling the pH of the mixture liquid to be in the range of 3.0 to 6.0.

Provided is a scale-shaped filmy fines dispersion. More specifically, scale-shaped filmy fines are subjected to a treatment for keeping the scale-shaped filmy fines from easily settling out. In the case of a metallic pigment using the scale-shaped filmy fines, the scale-shaped filmy fines are dispersed in the ink. As a result, nozzle clogging can be prevented, and the obtained print can achieve abundant metallic luster. The scale-shaped filmy fines dispersion contains, in a solvent, scale-shaped filmy fines obtained by finely grinding a simple metal, an alloy, or a metal compound. The scale-shaped filmy fines have a mean length of 0.5 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less, a maximum length of 10 μm or less, a mean thickness of 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and an aspect ratio of 20 or more.

The present invention provides templating methods for replicating patterned metal films from a template substrate such as for use in plasmonic devices and metamaterials. Advantageously, the template substrate is reusable and can provide plural copies of the structure of the template substrate. Because high-quality substrates that are inherently smooth and flat are available, patterned metal films in accordance with the present invention can advantageously provide surfaces that replicate the surface characteristics of the template substrate both in the patterned regions and in the unpatterned regions.

A capacitive transparent conductive film comprises: a transparent substrate, comprises a first surface and a second surface which is opposite to the first surface; a light-shield layer, formed at the edge of the first surface of the transparent substrate, the light-shield layer forms a non-visible region on the first surface of the transparent substrate; and a polymer layer, formed on the first surface of the transparent substrate, and covering the light-shield layer, the surface of the polymer layer is patterned to form a meshed trench, the trench is filled with conductive material to form a sensing region on the surface of the polymer layer. The capacitive transparent conductive film can effectively protect the conductive material and has low cost and good conductivity. A preparation method of the capacitive transparent conductive film is also provided.

A thin film transistor (TFT) that includes a control electrode, a semiconductor pattern, a first input electrode, a second input electrode, and an output electrode is disclosed. in one aspect, the semiconductor pattern includes a first input area, a second input area, a channel area, and an output area. The channel area is formed between the first input area and the output area and overlapped with the control electrode to be insulated from the control electrode. The second input area is formed between the first input area and the channel area and doped with a doping concentration different from a doping concentration of the first input areas. The second input electrode makes contact with the second input area and receives a control voltage to control a threshold voltage.

A fuel injection nozzle for a gas turbine combustion chamber with a film applicator (1) is provided with several fuel openings (2). Center axes (5) of the fuel openings (2) through the film applicator (1), with regard to their radial orientation, are essentially parallel to the main flow direction (6) of the air.

Methods for cleaning a side edge of a thin film photovoltaic substrate utilizing a laser are provided. The method can include transporting the substrate in a machine direction to move the substrate past a first laser source, and focusing a first laser beam generated by the first laser source onto the side edge of the substrate such that the laser beam removes the thin film present on the side edge of the substrate. An apparatus is also generally provided for cleaning a first side edge and a second side edge of a thin film photovoltaic substrate.

A method for cleaning a film separating device involves: a) performing positive-direction water cleaning when the ratio between the film filter resistance and the preliminary film filter resistance is less than 1.2; b) performing reverse water cleaning when the ratio between the film filter resistance and the preliminary film filter resistance is greater-than or equal-to 1.2; c) performing reverse chemical cleaning when the ratio between the film filter resistance and the preliminary film filter resistance is greater-than or equal-to 2; d) performing positive-direction chemical cleaning when the ratio between the film filter resistance and the preliminary film filter resistance is greater-than or equal-to 3.

A thin film forming apparatus and a thin film forming method using the same are disclosed. In one aspect, the thin film forming apparatus comprises a mask that includes a blocking portion and an opening. It also includes an etching source that jets an etching gas through the opening of the mask to etch a thin film according to a pattern. The mask includes a gas blower for blowing a gas around the opening so that the etching gas does not penetrate into a thin film area corresponding to the block portion. When the thin film forming apparatus is used, a normal residual area of a thin film may be safely preserved and patterning may be accurately performed. Thus, the quality of a product manufactured by using the thin film forming apparatus may be improved.

A pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film of the invention comprises an optical film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer provided on the optical film, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness (μm) standard deviation of 0.12 μm or less. The pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film makes it possible to reduce the problem of visible unevenness caused by a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

An air vent that passes from the deck of a surfboard through to its bottom. The vent may have a wide variety of shapes. The trailing boundary of the vent's lower portion is preferably inclined forward toward the surfboard's nose. The inclination serves to prevent water flowing upward. Instead, air is entrained by the water flowing across the vent's bottom exit and pulled downward. A portion of the entrained air flows rearward out of the bottom exit along the surfboard's bottom. This entrained air forms an air film between the board's bottom and the surrounding water, thereby reducing friction.

A clip 20 is provided on a clip support member 30, and one end of a main link member 53 and one end of a sub-link member 54 are pivotally connected to a first shaft member 51 at the clip 20 side of the clip support member 30 to constitute a reference linkage at the clip 20 side.

Clipping both right and left side edge parts of a sheet or film by right and left pitch-variable clips having flow-directional clip pitches variable along with travel movements, respectively, having positions (AR, AL) for initiation of enlargements of flow-directional clip pitches changed between right clips and left clips, and enlarging flow-directional clip pitches along with travel movements of clips to thereby make an oblique stretch.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a high-quality porous film. Here, while the porous film is being manufactured through forming micropores by stretching, a raw film is prevented from slipping on the surfaces of the respective rolls as much as possible even though the raw film includes oil or liquid paraffin as a solvent. The method is for manufacturing a porous film through forming micropores by successive biaxial stretching. A tensile force applied to the raw film F transferring from the longitudinal stretching machine (10) to the transverse stretching machine (50) is set not less than a stretching force necessary for the longitudinal stretching, and thus the raw film is prevented from slipping on a contact surface between the raw film and each roll of the longitudinal stretching machine (10).

A clip support member 30 has a first shaft member 51 cantilevered by guide rollers 56 and 56 for a guiding along a reference rail with a recessed channel 101, the clip support member 30 being provided with a slider 40 having a second shaft member 52 cantilevered by guide rollers 57 and 57 for a guiding along a pitch setting rail 120 with a recessed channel 121, the clip support member 30 supporting a clip 20 at an end thereof, where it has the first shaft member 51, whereto one end of a main link member 53 and one end of a sub-link member 54 are pivotally connected, to constitute a reference linkage at the clip 20 end.

Clipping both right and left side edge parts of a sheet or film by right and left pitch-variable clips having flow-directional clip pitches variable along with travel movements, respectively, having positions (AR, AL) for initiation of enlargements of flow-directional clip pitches changed between right clips and left clips, and enlarging flow-directional clip pitches along with travel movements of clips to thereby make an oblique stretch.

A method for producing a functional film is provided. In the method, a film is sequentially transferred through processing devices including a film inspection device. At least one expander roll is used for film transfer from a processing device to the film inspection device next to the processing device.

A method for forming a protective film is provided. In the method, a source gas containing an organic metal gas or an organic semi-metal gas is supplied to a substrate having a plurality of recessed shapes formed in a surface so as to cause the source gas to adsorb on the surface of the substrate including the plurality of recessed shapes. Then, an oxidation gas is supplied to the surface of the substrate including the plurality of recessed shapes to oxidize the source gas adsorbed on the surface of the substrate, thereby depositing an oxidation film of the organic metal or the organic semi-metal on a flat area between the plurality of recessed shapes. Supplying the source gas to the substrate and supplying the oxidation gas to the substrate are repeated at a rate in a range of 90 to 300 cycles per minute.

The invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a hardcoat film including a hardcoat layer having a surface of which a water contact angle is 65° or less by applying, drying, and curing a composition for forming the hardcoat layer on a base material film, in which the composition for forming the hardcoat layer contains the components (a) to (d) as defined herein, and, in a case in which a total solid content of the composition for forming the hardcoat layer is set to 100% by mass, a content of the component (b) is 40% to 80% by mass, a content of the component (c) is 10% to 40% by mass, and a content of the component (d) is 10% to 40% by mass.

A film formation apparatus and a film formation method that can homogenize the distribution of gas in each zone in a chamber and improve film formation precision are provided. A film formation apparatus according to one embodiment includes: a chamber which includes a plurality of zones into which gas is introduced, and a plurality of discharge ports that discharge the gas located in at least any of the zones and that can individually adjust an opening state; and a transportation unit that transports a substrate so as to pass through the plurality of the zones in the chamber.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a graphene composite film including preparing a zeolite suspension and a graphene oxide suspension containing graphene oxide, reducing the graphene oxide suspension until the graphene oxide is partially reduced to form partially-reduced graphene oxide, followed by adding the zeolite suspension and a surfactant into the partially-reduced graphene oxide suspension to form a composite solution, further reducing the composite solution until the partially-reduced graphene oxide is completely reduced to form graphene, and forming the composite solution into the graphene composite film on a substrate via plasma-enhanced atomizing deposition.

A film-forming device and a film forming method are provided. The film-forming device is configured to form an organic material thin film at a target region of a substrate and includes a gas supplying mechanism and a gas injection mechanism. The gas supplying mechanism is configured to import a mixture gas of organic material steam and an inert gas into the gas injection mechanism. The gas injection mechanism is configured to inject the mixture gas from the gas supplying mechanism onto the target region of the substrate.

A method for producing a porous polyimide film comprises: forming a first un-burned composite film wherein the first film is formed on a substrate using a first varnish that contains (A1) a polyamide acid or a polyimide and (B1) fine particles at a volume ratio (A1):(B1) of from 19:81 to 45:65; forming a second un-burned composite film wherein the second film is formed on the first film using a second varnish that contains (A2) a polyamide acid or a polyimide and (B2) fine particles at a volume ratio (A2):(B2) of from 20:80 to 50:50 and has a lower fine particle content ratio than the first varnish; burning wherein an un-burned composite film composed of the first film and the second film is burned, thereby obtaining a polyimide-fine particle composite film; and a fine particle removal step wherein the fine particles are removed from the polyimide-fine particle composite film.

A method of preparing an electrochemical electrode which is partially or totally covered with a film that is obtained by spreading an aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble binder over the electrode and subsequently drying same. The production cost of the electrodes thus obtained is reduced and the surface porosity thereof is associated with desirable resistance values.

A white reflective film for an edge light backlight improves the luminance and unevenness therein, voids uneven close contact with, and scraping of, the light guide plate, and minimizes the crushing of convexes formed on at least one side, even in cases where the reflective film is laid directly over a corrugated chassis designed to house circuitry or the reflective film is used in combination with LEDs. The film satisfies (i) to (iii): (i) a stiffness of 2 to 10 mN·m; (ii) convexes have been formed on at least one face (A), and their maximum height is 5 to 60 μm; (iii) the convexes contain an aromatic polyester.

A method of manufacturing a thin film transistor is disclosed. The method of manufacturing the thin film transistor includes: manufacturing a substrate; forming an oxide semiconductor layer on the substrate; forming a pattern including an active layer through a patterning process; forming a source and drain metal layer on the active layer; and forming a pattern including a source electrode and a drain electrode through a patterning process, an opening being formed between the source electrode and the drain electrode at a position corresponding to a region of the active layer used as a channel, wherein the step of forming the pattern including the source electrode and the drain electrode through a patterning process includes: removing a portion of the source and drain metal layer corresponding to the position of the opening through dry etching. The method may also be used to manufacturing a thin film transistor.

A method is provided for making smooth crystalline semiconductor thin-films and hole and electron transport films for solar cells and other electronic devices. Such semiconductor films have an average roughness of 3.4 nm thus allowing for effective deposition of additional semiconductor film layers such as perovskites for tandem solar cell structures which require extremely smooth surfaces for high quality device fabrication.

The present invention provide a light-scattering fluororesin film for agricultural applications which can be used as a covering material for an agricultural house or the like, is excellent in uniformity of color or the like of crops cultivated, can reduce the occurrence of leaf scorch, seedling blight or the like, and can cultivate the crops at high productivity. Specifically, the invention provides a light-scattering fluororesin film for agricultural applications that gives a ratio of scattered light with a scattering angle of 5.5 to 10° being 5% or higher relative to the total transmitted light.

A fluid permeable anodic oxide film includes a plurality of regularly-disposed pores formed by anodizing metal and a plurality of permeation holes having an inner width larger than an inner width of the pores and extending through the fluid permeable anodic oxide film. Also provided is a fluid permeable body which makes use of the fluid permeable anodic oxide film.

The invention concerns barrier films comprising: (i) a substrate comprising at least first and second coatings on the substrate; (ii) the first coating comprising an inorganic oxide, metal oxide or metallic coating; and (iii) the second coating capable of adhering to the substrates, wherein the second coating is polymeric; wherein the degradation of oxygen transmission rate is reduced when compared to a barrier film without the second coating when the barrier film is subjected to Gelbo-type flexing as described in ASTM F392.

Provided are a propylene homopolymer composition for a capacitor film, which can provide a film with excellent high-temperature voltage resistance and excellent thin-film stretchability, a method for producing the same, and a capacitor film. The propylene homopolymer composition for a capacitor film contains 50 to 99% by mass of a propylene homopolymer (A1) having predetermined characteristics and 1 to 50% by mass of a propylene homopolymer (B1) having predetermined characteristics, and has (i) a melt flow rate (MFR) of 1.0 to 10.0 g/10 min and (ii) a chlorine content of 2 ppm by mass or less.

Provided is a hardcoat film having a film thickness of 25 μm or less in which a polymerized substance of a compound having an energy ray-curable group and a resin are mixed across an entire region in a film thickness direction, in which a percentage of a mass concentration of the resin which is represented by the Expression (1) as defined herein has a distribution in which the percentage is maximized on at least one of two opposed surfaces, in the film thickness direction, of the hardcoat film or at a central part, in the film thickness direction, of the hardcoat film.

An anchor layer formation composition, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer-attached optical film, and an image display device are provided, in which the composition includes an oxazoline group-containing polymer and an ionic compound including a cation component and a sulfonyl group-containing anion component and is capable of forming an anchor layer that can improve the adhesion between a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and an optical film when interposed therebetween, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer-attached optical film has high durability and good reworkability and allows the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to resist chipping, and the image display device has the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer-attached optical film.

In nanoimprinting processes, photo-cured products often separate from the substrate and stick to the mold due to insufficient adhesion between the photo-cured product and the substrate. This causes a defect of pattern separation. An adhesion layer composition used for forming an adhesion layer between a substrate and a photocurable composition includes a compound (A) having at least two functional groups, and a solvent (B). The functional groups include at least one functional group capable of being bound to the substrate, selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxy, thiol, amino, epoxy, and (blocked) isocyanate, and at least one hydrogen donating group as a functional group capable of being bound to the photocurable composition.

Disclosed herein is a method of fabricating a CIS or CIGS thin film, comprising: forming, on a substrate, a seed particle layer comprising copper-indium-compound seed particles comprising copper (Cu); indium (In); and at least one selected from the group consisting of gallium (Ga), sulfur (S) and selenium (Se),applying, on the seed particle layer, a water-soluble precursor solution comprising: a water-soluble copper (Cu) precursor;a water-soluble indium (In) precursor; andat least one selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble gallium (Ga) precursor, a water-soluble sulfur (S) precursor and a water-soluble selenium (Se) precursor, and forming a thin film at high temperature.

An acoustic resonator structure comprises: a substrate having a cavity, which has a plurality of sides; a first electrode disposed over the cavity; a piezoelectric layer disposed over a portion of the first electrode and extending over at least one of the sides; and a second electrode disposed over the piezoelectric layer, an overlap of the first electrode, the piezoelectric layer and the second electrode forming an active area of the FBAR. The active area of the FBAR is completely suspended over the cavity.

A method of manufacturing a thin-film transistor includes forming an oxide semiconductor on a substrate, stacking an insulating layer and a metal layer on the substrate to cover the oxide semiconductor, forming a photosensitive pattern on the metal layer, forming a gate electrode by etching the metal layer using the photosensitive pattern as a mask, where a part of the gate electrode overlaps a first oxide semiconductor region of the oxide semiconductor, forming a gate insulating film by partially etching the insulating layer using the photosensitive pattern as a mask, where the gate insulating film includes a first insulating region with a first thickness under the photosensitive pattern and a second insulating region with a second thickness less than the first thickness, and performing plasma processing on the gate insulating film so that a second oxide semiconductor region of the oxide semiconductor under the second insulating region becomes conductive.

A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1: wherein in Chemical Formula 1, groups and variables are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Disclosed is a retardation film which shows a high light selective absorbency to visible rays having short wavelengths near 400 nm to have a high light resistance, and which can give, when used in a display device, good display properties to the display device. This film is a retardation film, satisfying all of the following formulae (1) to (4): 2≦A(380) (1), 0.5≦A(400) (2), 0.4≧A(420)/A(400) (3), and 100 nm≦Re(550)≦170 nm (4), in which each A(λ) represents the absorbance of the film at a wavelength λ nm, and Re (550) represents the in-plane retardation value of the film to a light ray having a wavelength of 550 nm.