cas Body in freezer case: Suspect remanded for seven days By thesun.my Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:49:29 GMT KUALA LUMPUR: The man who allegedly murdered a woman believed to be his mother and stuffed her body in a freezer about three years ago at a house in Taman OUG, Jalan Klang Lama here has been remanded for seven days starting today.Kuala Lumpur police chief Datuk Rusdi Mohd Isa said the 53-year-old unemployed suspect will be remanded until Nov 19.He said the suspect has no prior criminal record, and the police are still awaiting a health report from the hospital as well as the autopsy report on the victim’s body.“The suspect himself contacted the police to surrender, and his actions are still under investigation,” he said in a statement today.At about 8.45 am yesterday, police were alerted about the discovery of a woman’s body at a house in Taman OUG, leading to the arrest of the suspect.The victim’s body was sent to the University Malaya Medical Centre for a post-mortem and the case is being investigated under Section 302 of the Penal Code. Full Article BERNAMA
cas IGP confirms probe into death threat against informant in Sabah scandal case By thesun.my Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 09:56:05 GMT KOTA BHARU: Police have confirmed that the whistleblower who sent an open letter to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong regarding allegations of corruption in Sabah has received death threats.Inspector-General of Police Tan Sri Razarudin Husain said the case is being investigated by the Bukit Aman Classified Crime Investigation Unit under Section 507 of the Penal Code, which addresses criminal intimidation through anonymous communication.The 36-year-old male informant received a threatening call via WhatsApp from an unknown number.“During the call, the suspect, believed to be a local man, threatened the informant in Mandarin, claiming to be from a hitman group and demanding the informant stay silent.“The suspect warned that if the informant did not comply, he would be killed within 24 hours and called it a final warning,” Razarudin told Bernama today.Razarudin said the suspect also sent two images, one of a pistol with ammunition and another showing a person shot in the street.The informant expressed deep fear for his own safety and that of his family, he said. “After receiving the WhatsApp message, the informant reported the incident and blocked the number. Since then, no further threats have been made,” Razarudin said, adding that the informant initially suspected that the phone number might belong to a scammer or was dialed incorrectly.He said further checks revealed that the phone number was no longer in service and had no registered owner.Razarudin added no other reports had been filed regarding this number, and the investigation returned no relevant records. Full Article BERNAMA
cas ECASA responds to Adam Cruise article on proposed captive wildlife interactions ban By www.thistourismweek.co.za Published On :: Tue, 28 Jan 2020 19:16:06 +0000 The Elephant Care Association of South Africa (ECASA) responds to Dr. Adam Cruise’s article, ‘Rules of Engagement: South Africa to ban captive wildlife interactions for tourists’ The Elephant Care Association of South Africa is deeply concerned by Dr Cruise’s article,... Full Article Newsletters
cas BSP launches GCash investigation over unauthorized deductions By www.philstar.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0800 The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas has launched an investigation into G-Xchange Inc., the operator of GCash, following numerous complaints from users reporting unauthorized deductions on their e-wallet accounts. Full Article
cas Airbus forecasts Asia-Pacific will require 19,500 new aircraft by 2043 By www.philstar.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 17:37:00 +0800 Asia-Pacific will require 19,500 new aircraft by 2043, Airbus announced on Wednesday, November 13 at a regional aviation summit. Full Article
cas GCash By www.philstar.com Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0800 GCash is a phenomenon. Full Article
cas Zendaya, Tom Holland in cast for Christopher Nolan's next movie By www.philstar.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 18:42:00 +0800 Celebrity couple Tom Holland and Zendaya are the highlight names in the cast for Academy Award-winning director Christopher Nolan's next movie. Full Article
cas Alphacool Apex Pro Skeleton Carbon Case Featured Build and more @ NT Compatible By www.majorgeeks.com Published On :: Sun, 10 Nov 2024 02:56:34 -0500 ... Full Article
cas SilverStone FARA 514X High Air Flow Case Review and more @ NT Compatible By www.majorgeeks.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 02:40:24 -0500 ... Full Article
cas Hawke's Bay case stay extended By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Wed, 11 Sep 24 22:39:02 +0500 Pending of allocation of 6,000 acres of land to DHA ordered Full Article Sindh Pakistan
cas NDMA issues flash flood warning for K-P, GB amid heavy rains forecast By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Mon, 19 Aug 24 05:56:26 +0500 Tarbela Dam hits 1550ft capacity; significant water releases recorded at key points including Kalabagh, Taunsa, Guddu. Full Article Pakistan
cas Misha Lakhani Couture collection for Autumn Winter 2024 showcases effortless glamour By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Mon, 12 Aug 24 07:02:41 +0500 Resplendent with handcrafted heritage, each piece is garbed with an ethereal blend of rich and meticulous detail Full Article Fashion
cas Hira Khan reveals casting fraud after being asked to wear short clothes for an audition By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Mon, 09 Sep 24 11:31:47 +0500 The Pakistani drama star expressed her disbelief at being asked to attend a late-night audition in revealing attire. Full Article Life & Style
cas Team formed to arrest suspect in fake video case By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Tue, 10 Sep 24 21:24:35 +0500 Azma Bukhari's legal team raises concerns about FIA's delay Full Article Punjab Pakistan
cas Some conseils précieux fill les sacs sac Chanel coco d'occasion purchasing! By soweluyybags.webnode.page Published On :: Fri, 22 Jan 2016 09:42:00 +0200 Une femme ne peut jamais avoir assez de sacs. Nous devons avoir des cartables fill notre use de bureau, embrayages fill les soirées, les vagabonds fill l . a . journée-outs et les sacs à principal occasionnels fill les visites de health club. Puisque le yet de porter un sac varie avec l'occasion, nous avons besoin de différentes variantes de sacs. En outre, nos sacs doivent également répondre à nos atours, les humeurs et personnalités. Le sac choisi fill l'occasion exige donc peser un specific... Full Article News
cas Judge In Absolute Bullshit Copyright Case Against Mariah Carey Signals She’s Leaning Carey’s Way By www.techdirt.com Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 03:54:58 +0000 As the saying goes, the arc of morale judgment is long, but it does bend towards justice. And even if we accept such an optimistic worldview is relevant in this year of our lord, 2024, that certainly doesn’t mean we can’t bitch about how long that damned arc is. It’s been over two years since […] Full Article 1 all i want for christmas is you andy stone christmas songs copyright mariah carey vince vance
cas First case of latest mpox variant detected in UK: health authority By www.geo.tv Published On :: Wed, 30 Oct 2024 21:42:00 +0500 Test tubes labelled "Monkeypox virus positive and negative" are seen in this illustration taken May 23, 2022. — ReutersLONDON: An infection with the latest mpox variant, clade 1b, has been detected in the United Kingdom for the first time, the UK Health Security Agency announced... Full Article
cas Another polio case reported from Balochistan as Pakistan's tally rises to 43 By www.geo.tv Published On :: Wed, 30 Oct 2024 22:46:00 +0500 A girl receives polio vaccine drops, during an anti-polio campaign, in a low-income neighborhood in Karachi on July 20, 2020. — Reuters First case in Chagai district confirmed. Lab detects Poliovirus Type-1 .Genetic sequencing of samples underway. Pakistan... Full Article
cas Countrywide poliovirus tally soars to 45 after two new cases detected By www.geo.tv Published On :: Sat, 02 Nov 2024 09:11:00 +0500 Health worker giving polio drops to a child in a city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. — UNICEF/ FileNIH says two new cases of wild poliovirus are of type 1.Poliovirus crippled a girl, boy in Lakki Marwat, DI Khan.Balochistan reports highest number of cases this year. Full Article
cas Another polio case reported in Sindh, raising national tally to 47 By www.geo.tv Published On :: Fri, 08 Nov 2024 22:56:00 +0500 A girl receives polio vaccine drops, during an anti-polio campaign, in a low-income neighborhood in Karachi, July 20, 2020. — Reuters After latest case, Sindh’s polio cases tally reaches 13. Wild poliovirus detected in male child from Ghotki. Genetic... Full Article
cas Canada detects its first human H5 bird flu case in British Columbia teen By www.geo.tv Published On :: Sun, 10 Nov 2024 13:14:00 +0500 Test tubes are seen labelled "Bird Flu" words in this illustration taken, June 10, 2024. — Reuters Canada has detected its first case of H5 bird flu in a person, a teenager in the western province of British Columbia, health officials said on Saturday.This person is... Full Article
cas Greece introduces cash incentives, tax breaks to address declining birthrate By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Thu, 12 Sep 24 16:41:21 +0500 Greece has one of Europe's lowest fertility rates, a dire demographic state driven by a decade-long economic crisis Full Article World
cas Margot Robbie, Tom Ackerley showcase happiness after ‘long time' desire comes true By www.geo.tv Published On :: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 16:24:00 +0500 Margot Robbie, Tom Ackerley showcase happiness after ‘long time' desire comes trueMargot Robbie and Tom Ackerley are “settling” into their roles after becoming parents for the first time.A source who is close to the couple candidly shared with People how the... Full Article
cas New coronavirus case emerges in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan's tally rises to 20 By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Wed, 11 Mar 20 09:27:47 +0500 The 14-year-old boy, a resident of Skardu, was held at an isolation centre where he tested positive for COVID-19 Full Article Pakistan Gilgit Baltistan
cas Virus cases in Indian Occupied Kashmir top 7,000 By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Sun, 28 Jun 20 23:11:02 +0500 2,700 infections, including 41 virus-linked deaths, confirmed in last 2 weeks Full Article World Jammu & Kashmir
cas Another case of police excesses surfaces By tribune.com.pk Published On :: Sat, 27 Jun 20 09:19:42 +0500 The report further showed that the additional SHO had been previously found guilty of framing a man in a fake case Full Article K-P
cas Analog Equivalent Rights (11/21): Our parents used anonymous cash By falkvinge.net Published On :: Mon, 22 Jan 2018 18:00:57 +0000 Privacy: The anonymous cash of our analog parents is fast disappearing, and in its wake comes trackable and permissioned debit cards to our children. While convenient, it’s a wolf in sheep’s clothing. In the last article, we looked at how our analog parents could anonymously buy a newspaper on the street corner with some coins, and read their news of choice without anybody knowing about it. This observation extends to far more than just newspapers, of course. This ability of our parents – the ability to conduct decentralized, secure transactions anonymously – has been all but lost in a landscape that keeps pushing card payments for convenience. The convenience of not paying upfront, with credit cards; the convenience of always paying an exact amount, with debit cards; the convenience of not needing to carry and find exact amounts with every purchase. Some could even argue that having every transaction listed on a bank statement is a convenience of accounting. But with accounting comes tracking. With tracking comes predictability and unwanted accountability. It’s been said that a VISA executive can predict a divorce one year ahead of the parties involved, based on changes in purchase patterns. Infamously, a Target store was targeting a high school-aged woman with maternity advertising, which at first made her father furious: but as things turned out, the young woman was indeed pregnant. Target knew, and her own father didn’t. This is because when we’re no longer using anonymous cash, every single purchase is tracked and recorded with the express intent on using it against us — whether for influencing us to make a choice to deplete our resources (“buy more”) or for punishing us for buying something we shouldn’t have, in a wide variety of conceivable ways. China is taking the concept one step further, as has been written here before, and in what must have been the inspiration for a Black Mirror episode, is weighting its citizens’ Obedience Scores based on whether they buy useful or lavish items — useful in the views of the regime, of course. It’s not just the fact that transactions of our digital children are logged for later use against them, in ways our analog parents could never conceive of. It’s also that the transactions of our digital children are permissioned. When our digital children buy a bottle of water with a debit card, a transaction clears somewhere in the background. But that also means that somebody can decide to have the transaction not clear; somebody has the right to arbitrarily decide what people get to buy and not buy, if this trend continues for our digital children. That is a horrifying thought. Our parents were using decentralized, censorship resistant, anonymous transactions in using plain cash. There is no reason our digital children should have anything less. It’s a matter of liberty and self-determination. Privacy remains your own responsibility. Full Article Privacy
cas Bitcoin, the Bitcoin Cash roadmap, and the Law of Two Feet By falkvinge.net Published On :: Sun, 30 Dec 2018 17:34:57 +0000 Bitcoin: As the dust settles after the November 15 bitcoin upgrade, the roadmaps have been updated with the new state of the protocol and people are starting to looking ahead to the next set of features. I thought I’d take the opportunity to give my view on it. The new set of features ahead has been published on bitcoincash.org, which is for the most part spearheaded by the Bitcoin ABC implementation, but where Bitcoin Unlimited also deserves significant credit for research and development. Clarification: “Bitcoin” refers to Bitcoin-BCH, or Bitcoin Cash In this post, I’m talking about the “bitcoin roadmap”. As there’s more than one bitcoin, I should clarify that I’m referring to Bitcoin-BCH, or the “Cash” version of Bitcoin, as opposed to Bitcoin-BTC, the “Blockstream” fork of bitcoin. For those familiar with the subject, this would be obvious, as the Bitcoin-BTC version doesn’t have a roadmap to scale, such as I’m describing here. This is the current “you are here” map as of end-2018: The Bitcoin Cash roadmap as of end-2018, as published at bitcoincash.org. I like this roadmap for two reasons. Or rather, for two levels of reasons. The first is that I see bitcoin as the path to a world currency. In order to be so, it will need to carry an insanely heavier load, and because of the typical velocity of money, each bitcoin must be valued far higher than it is today — to a point where single satoshis are no longer a small unit, but represent maybe a few cents. That quanta (smallest possible discrete value) is not small enough to provide frictionless automated microtrade, which is why I’m looking forward to — and have been discreetly applauding — the fractional satoshis on the roadmap. The bigger footprint a network gets, the more inertia it takes to change something, so getting these two items in with reasonable speed is something I regard as key. The third key item is extensibility — the ability to extend the protocol without asking permission, akin to how early browsers started supporting random new HTML markup tags left and right. This drove the standards forward and allowed for rapid feedback cycles with the user community, and something similar will be needed for permissionless innovation on top of bitcoin to really take off. These three taken together happen to represent the final phase of the three tracks that the roadmap lists. I have some understanding that each of them have necessary prerequisites that are being filled in some sort of logical order. This brings me to the Law of Two Feet. You see, it doesn’t really matter what I think of a feature, whether I like it or not. I am a diehard proponent of the Law of Two Feet: It simply means that if you don’t like something, then it is your responsibility — both toward yourself and the community you don’t like — to walk to a place you do like. (Just to be clear, the Law of Two Feet is inclusive. It also applies to people who don’t have two actual feet.) This is what I worded as the Freedom of Initiative and the Freedom to Follow, and it is absolutely key for permissionless innovation. You don’t get that the moment somebody is trying to give somebody else permission on what road they may choose. Each of us have the freedom to take any initiative we want. Each of us also have the freedom to follow any initiative we like. But no one of us may tell another what they must or may not do. I happen to very much approve of the above roadmap from where I’m sitting. But even if I didn’t, the freedom of initiative and freedom to follow are far more important than my opinion on this particular initiative. Full Article Bitcoin
cas BMX Event - The Cash Jam of Winterthur By www.kunstform.org Published On :: 2019-03-28 14:51:51 On the 28th of April, 2019, "The Cash Jam of Winterthur" will take place for the second time. This BMX event is a street jam. We will head for the best BMX spots in Winterthur. The printed "Winti Dollar bills" serve as a rating system. The rider with the most cash in the end will win the BMX event. The motto is, riders judges riders! More information about the event: www.bmxtoday.ch All the best, your kunstform BMX Shop Team! What: THE CASH JAM OF WINTERTHUR BMX disciplines: BMX Street When: 28th of April 2019 Where: Skatepark Winterthur-Töss Switzerland Winterthur-Töss 8406 Auwiesenstrasse 46 All the best, your kunstform BMX Shop Team! Full Article
cas BMX Sale - Sunday Bikes "Forecaster LHD" 2019 BMX Bike By www.kunstform.org Published On :: 2020-02-09 13:15:03 We were able to get in stock again the popular Sunday Bikes "Forecaster" 2019 BMX bikes with LHD drive unit (chain, chainring, driver on the left side) and we can now offer them to you at a great special price. The Sunday Bikes "Forecaster" 2019 BMX bike offers the ideal basis for further development in the BMX freestyle game and comes directly with Odyssey "Clutch V2" Street-Freecoaster (LHD). Related links: go to Sunday Bikes "Forecaster" 2019 BMX bike Full Article
cas Archbishop of Canterbury Resigns Over Handling of Abuse Cases By www.ncregister.com Published On :: 2024-11-12T13:27:12-06:00 cna Full Article
cas In a first, constitutional bench to begin hearing cases from Nov 14 By www.geo.tv Published On :: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 23:57:00 +0500 Facade of the Supreme Court. — SC website/fileJustice Mandokhail, Justice Mazhar attended committee’s meeting. Meeting held to discuss matters related to constitutional bench.Justice Ayesha will not be available on Nov 14, 15, says SC. Full Article
cas Benefits of a Cash Budget – Part 1 By www.gettingfinancesdone.com Published On :: Wed, 28 Apr 2010 18:17:52 +0000 In this article series of articles, I have recorded somewhat of a manifesto for using cash in your budget. You can listen to the whole thing in my podcast for week 4 of my 12 Weeks to Fiscal Fitness program, Using Cash In Your Budget. In week 3 I talked in considerable detail about how […] The post Benefits of a Cash Budget – Part 1 first appeared on Getting Finances Done. Full Article 12 Weeks to Fiscal Fitness Budgeting Cash
cas Benefits of a Cash Budget – Part 2 By www.gettingfinancesdone.com Published On :: Thu, 29 Apr 2010 18:54:36 +0000 Be sure to check out part 1 about the benefits of a cash budget. In that article I explain how cash is the ultimate tool to help you control your spending and staying within your budget. In part 2, I explain how budgeting will help save you time in the budgeting process. How Cash Will […] The post Benefits of a Cash Budget – Part 2 first appeared on Getting Finances Done. Full Article 12 Weeks to Fiscal Fitness Budgeting Cash
cas 11 Guidelines For Using Cash In Your Budget By www.gettingfinancesdone.com Published On :: Fri, 30 Apr 2010 18:26:15 +0000 1. You don’t have to use cash for everything. Here’s how to tell in which categories you should use cash. To reap the benefits of using cash in your budget, you don’t have to go exclusively to cash. Some may choose to go exclusive, but it’s not necessary. Instead, identify which categories will be most […] The post 11 Guidelines For Using Cash In Your Budget first appeared on Getting Finances Done. Full Article 12 Weeks to Fiscal Fitness Budgeting Cash
cas Two Common Objections To Using A Cash Budget By www.gettingfinancesdone.com Published On :: Mon, 03 May 2010 18:57:17 +0000 People have a big resistance to using cash in their budget. We’ve become so accustomed to using debit and credit cards that using cash is like a novelty. I wanted to address a couple of the concerns people have and why they don’t outweigh the huge benefits of using cash. Objection #1: It’s Inconvenient One […] The post Two Common Objections To Using A Cash Budget first appeared on Getting Finances Done. Full Article 12 Weeks to Fiscal Fitness Budgeting Cash
cas Early vote count: More than 80 million cast by Monday afternoon By www.washingtontimes.com Published On :: Mon, 04 Nov 2024 17:04:25 -0500 Election Day is finally here, the polls are open and the news media are in frantic mode. There's a little serenity around, though. Millions of Americans already have cast their votes early by mail or in person -- and likely glad that they did. Full Article
cas Indicted D.C. Council member Trayon White secures third term despite ongoing bribery case By www.washingtontimes.com Published On :: Tue, 05 Nov 2024 18:20:09 -0500 Ward 8 voters on Tuesday sent incumbent Trayon White back to the D.C. Council for a third term, even as the embattled lawmaker faces a federal bribery case that clouds his political future. Full Article
cas Money talks: Nothing like cash to recruit, retain world's warriors By www.washingtontimes.com Published On :: Sat, 09 Nov 2024 14:58:38 -0500 Free college tuition. New cars. Complimentary passes to government gyms. And cold, hard cash. Militaries all over the world are at war right now. And they're getting creative with pay and benefits to lure in potential recruits and to keep battle-hardened veterans in their uniforms for another round. Full Article
cas Yankees GM Brian Cashman says he's talked with agent Scott Boras about Juan Soto and Pete Alonso By www.washingtontimes.com Published On :: Tue, 05 Nov 2024 19:57:11 -0500 Yankees general manager Brian Cashman has started talks with agent Scott Boras about keeping Juan Soto with New York, and they also discussed power-hitting first baseman Pete Alonso. Full Article
cas WHO says mpox cases in Congo's epicenter where the new variant was detected may be 'plateauing' By www.washingtontimes.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 06:50:51 -0500 The World Health Organization said mpox cases in the region of Congo where a new and more infectious variant was first detected appear to be "plateauing," even as the virus continues to increase in other regions of the country, as well as in Burundi and Uganda. Full Article
cas Holly Hunter Cast As Starfleet Academy Lead By www.scifistream.com Published On :: Tue, 21 May 2024 19:19:15 +0000 The Academy Award winner will play the chancellor of Starfleet Academy in the 32nd century spin-off. The post Holly Hunter Cast As Starfleet Academy Lead first appeared on SciFi Stream. Full Article Star Trek Paramount+
cas Paul Giamatti Cast In Major Starfleet Academy Role By www.scifistream.com Published On :: Tue, 11 Jun 2024 16:06:24 +0000 The veteran actor will play the new show's main villain, according to reports. The post Paul Giamatti Cast In Major Starfleet Academy Role first appeared on SciFi Stream. Full Article Star Trek Paramount+
cas IL CASO PUIGDEMONT: LA "PROVA DEL FUOCO" DEL MANDATO D'ARRESTO EUROPEO By www.collectiuemma.cat Published On :: Mon, 06 Aug 2018 13:15:00 +0200 DIRITTO PENALE CONTEMPORANEO 4 luglio 2018 | Luigi Foffani Per leggere la decisione dell'OLG del 5 aprile 2018, clicca qui. Per leggere la decisione definitiva dell'OLG del 12 luglio 2018, clicca qui. 1. La mattina del 25 marzo 2018 Carles Puigdemont, ex-Presidente della Generalitat de Catalunya, viene fermato alla guida di un automobile su un’autostrada dello Schleswig-Holstein, pochi chilometri dopo l’ingresso nel territorio della Repubblica Federale Tedesca. Puigdemont – che risiedeva a Bruxelles dal 28 ottobre 2017, per sfuggire al mandato di cattura del Tribunal Supremo spagnolo – si era recato in Danimarca per una conferenza e stava rientrando in Belgio attraverso la Germania. Contro di lui viene emessa una richiesta di mandato d’arresto europeo (MAE) per i delitti di “ribellione” (“rebelión”: art. 472 CP esp) e peculato (“malversación de caudales públicos”: art. 432 e 252 CP esp). L’Oberlandsgericht dello Schsleswig-Holstein, con la decisione del 5 aprile 2018 respinge senza esitazione la richiesta di mandato d’arresto europeo per quanto riguarda il delitto di “rebelión”: tale delitto infatti non ricade in alcun modo nel “campo d’applicazione del mandato d’arresto europeo” descritto dall’art. 2 della Decisione quadro del 13 giugno 2002 “relativa al mandato d’arresto europeo e alle procedure di consegna tra Stati membri” (2002/584/GAI) ed anche la richiesta di estradizione appare a prima vista inammissibile per la mancanza di una “beiderseitige Strafbarkeit” (“doppia incriminazione”). Diversamente invece non sarebbe inammissibile – secondo l’OLG Schleswig-Holstein – la richiesta di mandato d’arresto europeo in relazione al secondo delitto (peculato, “malversación de caudales públicos”, “Veruntreuung öffentlicher Gelder”), che sarebbe riconducibile alla fattispecie di corruzione richiamata dalla Decisione quadro; ma la richiesta del Tribunal Supremo spagnolo – secondo l’OLG – “non contiene una sufficiente descrizione delle circostanze, sulla base delle quali il reato sarebbe stato commesso, con una necessaria concretizzazione del rimprovero penale, che renda possibile la sua riconducibilità al comportamento addebitato all’imputato. […] Non è chiaro peraltro se lo Stato sia stato realmente gravato di questi costi, nella misura in cui questi siano stati effettivamente pagati con fondi del bilancio regionale e se l’imputato abbia occasionato queste spese”. La decisione dell’OLG Schleswig-Holstein risulta pienamente corretta e convincente, sulla base della disciplina europea e nazionale del mandato d’arresto europeo e dell’estradizione. 2. Quanto al primo e più importante punto (il supposto delitto di “rebelión”) è del tutto evidente l’inesistenza in concreto del requisito della “doppia incriminazione” (“beiderseitige Strafbarkeit”, “double criminality”), necessario per dar corso alla richiesta di estradizione ai sensi del § 3 comma 1 della legge sulla cooperazione giudiziaria internazionale in materia penale (Gesetz über die Internationale Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen, IRG). Il comportamento tenuto da Puigdemont e dagli altri leader indipendentisti durante tutto il percorso politico-istituzionale che ha portato al referendum dell’1 ottobre 2017 e alla successiva dichiarazione unilaterale di indipendenza del 27 ottobre sarebbe infatti – sulla base di una ipotetica applicazione al caso in esame del diritto tedesco – penalmente irrilevante. Il delitto di “Hochverrat gegen den Bund” (“alto tradimento contro lo Stato federale”) – punito dal § 81 StGB con l’ergastolo o con una pena detentiva non inferiore a 10 anni – richiede infatti che si sia concretamente perseguita la separazione di una parte del territorio nazionale “con violenza o tramite minaccia di violenza” (“mit Gewalt oder durch Drohung mit Gewalt”). L’OLG Schleswig-Holstein richiama correttamente la giurisprudenza del Bundesgerichtshof tedesco, che richiede per l’applicazione in concreto di una così grave fattispecie incriminatrice – ed anche della molto più lieve ipotesi della “violenza contro un organo costituzionale” (“Nötigung eines Verfassungsorgans“: § 105 comma 1 StGB) – che la violenza impiegata o minacciata dai rivoltosi abbia concretamente annullato la libertà di decisione nel caso specifico dell’organo costituzionale destinatario della violenza. Un’ipotesi che – come correttamente rileva l’OLG Schleswig-Holstein – mai si è concretamente verificata durante il processo indipendentista dei mesi scorsi, né nei confronti del Parlamento catalano, né nei confronti delle Cortes spagnole. Ma a ben vedere anche sulla base del diritto spagnolo – che l’OLG Schleswig-Holstein non prende in considerazione, in quanto una simile analisi non rientrava nelle sue competenze – l’imputazione formulata dal Tribunal Supremo spagnolo risulta del tutto inverosimile. Il delitto di “rebelión”[1] (art. 472 e 473 CP) punisce infatti con una pena elevatissima (reclusione da 25 a 30 anni, poiché il Tribunal Supremo contesta a Puigdemont e agli altri imputati l’aggravante di aver “distratto i fondi pubblici dalla loro legittima destinazione”) “los que se alzaren violenta y públicamente para cualquiera de los fines siguientes” (“coloro che si sollevino violentemente e pubblicamente per qualsiasi delle seguenti finalità”), fra le quali finalità viene prevista espressamente “declarar la indepedencia de una parte del territorio nacional” (art. 472 n. 5° CP esp.). L’unico elemento di questo gravissimo delitto che possa ragionevolmente ritenersi integrato dal processo indipendentista catalano è l’evento, ossia la dichiarazione unilaterale di indipendenza del 27 ottobre 2017, in esecuzione del risultato del referendum dell’1 ottobre (dichiarato preventivamente illegittimo dal Tribunal constitucional). È indiscutibile dunque l’esistenza della finalità tipica del delitto di “rebelión” a carico di Puigdemont e degli altri imputati, ma è altrettanto evidente l’assoluta inesistenza della condotta materiale tipica di tale grave delitto e soprattutto di un qualsivoglia nesso di causalità fra la condotta e l’evento che rappresentava l’obiettivo di tale illecita finalità. L’art. 472 descrive la condotta tipica come il fatto di “alzarse violenta y públicamente” per conseguire una delle finalità penalmente rilevanti della “rebelión” (quale appunto la separazione della Catalunya dallo Stato spagnolo). In realtà chiunque sia stato in Catalunya nei mesi scorsi ha potuto rilevare il carattere assolutamente pacifico del processo indipendentista: l’unica violenza è stata quella delle ripetute cariche di polizia dell’1 ottobre per tentare di impedire l’esercizio del voto in quello che il Governo spagnolo ed il Tribunal constitucional avevano definito come un referendum illegale e incostituzionale. Ma quand’anche si fossero verificate delle manifestazioni pubbliche di violenza nelle settimane e nei mesi antecedenti al referendum e alla successiva dichiarazione unilaterale di indipendenza, e quand’anche si potesse dimostrare la riconducibilità degli atti di violenza alle decisioni assunte dall’ex Presidente della Generalitat e dalla cupola dei partiti e movimenti indipendentisti – come tenta di dimostrare il provvedimento del Tribunal Supremo spagnolo – ciò che comunque sarebbe inesistente ed indimostrabile sarebbe il nesso di causalità fra gli atti di violenza (condotta tipica del delitto di “rebelión”) e l’evento rappresentato dalla dichiarazione unilaterale di indipendenza della Catalogna. Quest’ultima infatti è derivata da un voto espresso dalla maggioranza del Parlamento catalano il 27 ottobre 2017 in esecuzione del risultato del referendum dell’1 ottobre e la maggioranza in questione era esattamente quella corrispondente ai seggi conseguiti dai partiti indipendentisti alle ultime elezioni catalane. I partiti indipendentisti (Junts x sì e CUP) avevano espressamente dichiarato già in campagna elettorale l’intendimento di giungere a promuovere un referendum sull’indipendenza, nonostante la ferma e reiterata opposizione del Governo spagnolo e le prese di posizione in senso contrario del Tribunal constitucional. Il voto del Parlamento catalano del 27 ottobre 2017 è null’altro che la naturale e fedele conseguenza delle elezioni catalane del 27 settembre 2015, per nulla influenzato dalle ipotetiche manifestazioni di violenza che il Tribunal Supremo spagnolo imputa all’azione politica dell’allora Presidente della Generalitat e degli altri leader indipendentisti. In conclusione, dunque, del delitto di “rebelión” previsto dal Codigo penal spagnolo può essere contestata a Puigdemont e agli altri imputati solo ed esclusivamente la finalità – dichiarata pubblicamente, perseguita con coerenza ed infine conseguita, sia pure in termini assolutamente effimeri e più simbolici che reali – di separare la Catalogna dallo Stato spagnolo. Troppo poco, evidentemente, per ritenere integrati gli elementi costitutivi di un gravissimo delitto che il legislatore spagnolo aveva pensato e descritto con riferimento a vicende di tutt’altra natura, come un tentativo di colpo di stato, un’insurrezione armata, un sollevamento di gruppi militari o paramilitari[2], ecc. È vero che il delitto di “rebelión” è stato costruito dal legislatore spagnolo come una fattispecie a dolo specifico, che non richiede la realizzazione materiale della finalità secessionista; ma è altrettanto evidente che – se non si vuole cadere nella deriva di un “Gesinnungsstrafrecht” di matrice chiaramente autoritaria – la consumazione di un reato di tale gravità non può non presupporre una condotta violenta non solo soggettivamente indirizzata, ma anche oggettivamente idonea, a realizzare la predetta finalità secessionista. Mutatis mutandis, sarebbe come se i consigli regionali di Lombardia e Veneto, anziché assumere alcuni mesi or solo la legittima iniziativa di un referendum popolare per promuovere una maggiore autonomia delle rispettive Regioni, avessero voluto organizzare un referendum per la secessione dallo Stato italiano: la reazione delle autorità governative statali sarebbe stata verosimilmente quella di promuovere un conflitto di attribuzioni fra i poteri dello Stato davanti alla Corte costituzionale; ma certo a nessun ufficio di procura sarebbe venuto in mente di promuovere un’azione penale per “attentato contro organi costituzionali o contro le assemblee regionali” ex art. 289 c.p. o addirittura un’“insurrezione armata contro i poteri dello Stato” ex art. 284 c.p. Ciò che è avvenuto in Spagna, viceversa, è stata una repentina criminalizzazione del conflitto politico-territoriale catalano attraverso un uso assai discutibile e spregiudicato dello strumento penale. L’evidente forzatura interpretativa della ricostruzione operata dal Tribunal Supremo spagnolo è verosimilmente alla base di ciò che l’OLG dello Schleswig Holstein non scrive nella propria decisione, ma sembra implicitamente ritenere: il venir meno nella vicenda in esame del principio della fiducia reciproca fra gli ordinamenti che è alla base della Decisione quadro sul mandato d’arresto europeo e di tutto il sistema della cooperazione giudiziaria europea e la convinzione (anch’essa implicita) che in Spagna non vi sarebbero oggi le condizioni per un giusto processo (“fair trial”) nei confronti di Puigdemont per il delitto di “rebelión”. Una convinzione implicita che trova conferma nel fatto che da molti mesi numerosi esponenti del decaduto Governo catalano ed altri leader indipendentisti si trovino in custodia preventiva per la medesima contestazione del delitto di “rebelión”. 3. Quanto infine al secondo punto della decisione dell’Oberlandsgericht dello Schleswig Holstein, suscita perplessità l’affermazione – sostenuta nella richiesta di mandato d’arresto europeo avanzata dal Tribunal Supremo spagnolo e ripresa in termini adesivi dalla decisione dell’OLG – secondo la quale il delitto di peculato (“malversación de caudales públicos”, “Veruntreuung öffentlicher Gelder”), contestato dal Giudice istruttore del Tribunal Supremo a Puigdemont e ad altri esponenti del decaduto Governo catalano, sarebbe riconducibile alla fattispecie della corruzione presente nel catalogo dei reati presupposto del mandato d’arresto europeo. Non vale infatti sostenere che la Convenzione ONU sulla corruzione del 2003 ed altre iniziative internazionali intendono la corruzione in senso ampio ed atecnico, come comprensiva anche di altre figure di reato del settore pubblico, come appunto la “malversación de caudales públicos”. Un conto infatti è una convenzione internazionale che – nel generico intento politico di contrastare fenomeni di corruzione intesa nel senso più ampio del termine (in senso sociologico più che giuridico-penale) – chieda ai legislatori nazionali di incriminare anche altre ipotesi di reato diverse dalla specifica fattispecie della corruzione; cosa completamente diversa invece è una Decisione quadro che – comportando l’adozione di misure restrittive della libertà personale nella forma del mandato d’arresto europeo – va interpretata in senso tecnico e restrittivo in ordine al “campo d’applicazione del mandato d’arresto europeo” di cui all’art. 2 della Decisione quadro. In ogni caso gli strumenti della cooperazione giudiziaria internazionale avrebbero comunque potuto essere utilmente attivati in forma di richiesta di estradizione, poiché sussiste senz’altro, nell’ipotesi in esame, il requisito della doppia incriminazione: la “malversación de caudales públicos” di cui agli art. 432 e 252 CP esp. – sostanzialmente equivalente alla fattispecie di peculato ex art. 314 c.p. it. – trova infatti corrispondenza nella più generale fattispecie di “Untreue” o “infedeltà patrimoniale” (§ 266 StGB), suscettibile di trovare applicazione anche nel settore pubblico in presenza di condotte di “Veruntreuung öffentlicher Gelder” (“gestione infedele di fondi pubblici”). La richiesta del Tribunal Supremo spagnolo non trova tuttavia accoglimento – come già segnalato all’inizio di questo commento – per la carente descrizione, da parte dell’autorità richiedente, delle circostanze di fatto sulla base delle quali si sosterrebbe la responsabilità dell’imputato da estradare[3]. Un ulteriore ed evidente sintomo di quella implicita carenza di fiducia – da parte dell’autorità giudiziaria a cui è rivolta la richiesta di estradizione – circa la fondatezza dell’impianto accusatorio costruito dal Giudice istruttore del Tribunal Supremo spagnolo contro i leader del processo indipendentista. 4. In conclusione: dopo questa decisione interlocutoria – alla quale ha fatto seguito una rinnovata richiesta delle autorità giudiziarie spagnole, che insistono con fermezza nella pretesa di sottoporre a processo l’ex Presidente della Generalitat Carles Puigdemont – siamo in attesa della decisione definitiva dell’OLG dello Schleswig Holstein. Qualunque sarà la decisione definitiva, essa segnerà comunque una pietra miliare – in un senso o nell’altro – nella storia del mandato d’arresto europeo e della cooperazione giudiziaria europea. 5. Nelle more della conclusione di questo breve commento è sopraggiunta finalmente la decisione definitiva dell’OLG Schleswig-Holstein del 12 luglio 2018, che sostanzialmente conferma la decisione precedente, negando l’estradizione per il delitto di “rebelión” ed ammettendola invece per la “malversación de caudales públicos”. Una settimana più tardi – il 19 luglio – il Giudice istruttore del Tribunal Supremo Pablo Llarena ha deciso, con suo autonomo provvedimento, di rifiutare l’estradizione “dimezzata” [4] e di ritirare tutte le richieste di estradizione e di ordine d’arresto europeo nel frattempo indirizzate in Belgio, Scozia e Svizzera contro altri politici indipendentisti di primo piano rifugiatisi all’estero per sfuggire all’arresto in Spagna. Sembra dunque chiudersi definitivamente – con un passo indietro dell’autorità giudiziaria spagnola (a malincuore e non senza considerazioni polemiche nei confronti della pronuncia della magistratura tedesca) – la partita europea e internazionale per la soluzione penale della questione independentista catalana[5] e la palla ritorna nuovamente nel campo della politica: una politica che – con nuovi attori protagonisti (tanto a Barcellona – con la Presidenza della Generalitat di Quim Torra – quanto a Madrid, dopo la caduta a sorpresa del governo di Mariano Rajoy e l’arrivo alla Moncloa di Pedro Sanchez) – tenta di riprendere – con estrema prudenza da ambo le parti, ma con qualche nuova timida speranza – la difficile via del dialogo e della ricerca di una soluzione politica condivisa alla crisi costituzionale aperta dalla domanda di indipendenza di una parte (sia pur lievemente) maggioritaria della società civile e politica catalana. _____________________________________ [1] Sul quale v. per tutti in dottrina il recentissimo contributo di M. Cugat Mauri, La violencia como elemento del delito de rebelión, in Liber Amicorum. Estudios Juridicos en Homenaje al Prof. Dr. Dr.h.c. Juan M. Terradillos Basoco, Valencia, Tirant Lo Blanch, 2018, p. 567-582. [2] Esempio paradigmatico fu il tentativo di colpo di stato militare che ebbe luogo il 23 febbraio 1981, nel quale una parte dell’esercito spagnolo comandato dal tenente colonnello Tejero fece irruzione nel Parlamento durante il voto di fiducia al Primo Ministro Adolfo Suarez, prendendo in ostaggio parlamentari e governo, mentre altri gruppi militari invadevano alcune strade di Valencia con carrarmati e soldati ed intendevano inviare una divisione di carristi a Madrid per occupare la capitale. [3] Di fronte per di più a dichiarazioni pubbliche della stessa autorità governativa spagnola (l’ex Ministro delle Finanze Montoro) che a suo tempo aveva riconosciuto che per la realizzazione del referendum indipendentista catalano non erano stati impiegati fondi ricavati dal bilancio pubblico. [4] Probabilmente si è tenuto in conto in questa decisione il rischio che per il solo delitto di “malversación de caudales públicos” difficilmente sarebbe stato sostenibile un lungo protrarsi della custodia cautelare in carcere di Puigdemont, e che una volta liberato questi avrebbe potuto esercitare senza limiti il proprio mandato di parlamentare catalano e finanche essere nuovamente eletto come Presidente della Generalitat. [5] V. ad es.: Llarena da por perdida la batalla europea de la rebelión, in La Vanguardia, ed. online, 19 luglio 2018. Full Article
cas From Barcode of Life Data Systems to scholarly publishing systems: a case study with ten Nearctic species of Microgastrinae By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Thu, 30 Oct 2014 15:31:00 +0200 An innovative workflow reveals new research potential of the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). A recently published article in the Biodiversity Data Journal (BDJ) used specimen records downloaded from BOLD in tabular format and imported these into a human-readable text developed in manuscript within the Pensoft Writting Tool (PWT). Data were used to study the species distributions of ten Nearctic species of braconid wasps from the Microgastrinae subfamily. BOLD is originally designed to support the generation and application of DNA barcode data. However, the repository also holds unexplored treasures of additional data that provide unique potential for many other research uses. Currently almost 4 million sequences (over 3.4 million of them DNA barcodes) are stored in BOLD, including coverage for more than 143K animal species, 53K plant species, and 16K fungi and other species, and this impressive storage of information is continuing to grow every day. A team of researchers, led by Dr Jose Fernandez-Triana from the University of Guelph, Canada, have now explored how the unique amount of data stored on the BOLD platform can be utilised for new research purposes. Choosing tiny parasitic wasps for their case study they selected a sample of 630 specimens and 10 North American species. Data stored on BOLD were then used to uncover a significant number of new records of locality, provinces, territories and states. The research was then secured a fast publication via BDJ, a community peer-reviewed, open-access, comprehensive online platform, designed to accelerate publishing, dissemination and sharing of biodiversity-related data of any kind. "Import of structured data into human-readable text is important but it does not represent the whole story. More importantly, the data can be downloaded straight from the article text by anyone for further re-use, or be automatically exported to data aggregators, such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). In this way, data platforms could get more peer-reviewed content from scholarly publications and scientists will be properly credited for their efforts" said Prof. Lyubomir Penev, founder of Pensoft Publishers. ### Original Source: Fernandez-Triana J, Penev L, Ratnasingham S, Smith M, Sones J, Telfer A, deWaard J, Hebert P (2014) Streamlining the use of BOLD specimen data to record species distributions: a case study with ten Nearctic species of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4153. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e4153 Additional information: The workflow is part of the Data Publishing Toolkit elaborated within the EU FP7 funded project EU BON (Grant agreement No 308454). Full Article News
cas EU BON's Final Brochure showcases selected outcomes from the project By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Mon, 27 Mar 2017 18:32:00 +0300 EU BON presents its Final Brochure summarising the major outcomes of the EU-funded project EU BON "Building the European Biodiversity Observation Network" which aims to advance biodiversity knowledge by building a European gateway for biodiversity information and by integrating and harmonising a wide range of biodiversity data. Other goals of the project are the establishment and adoption of new data standards, the development of tools, the integration of advanced techniques for data analysis and the development of new approaches and strategies for future biodiversity monitoring and assessment. The project represents a joint effort of 31 partners from 15 European countries, Israel, the Philippines, Brazil and more than 30 associated partners. Download the full booklet here. Full Article News
cas Open exchange of scientific knowledge and European copyright: The case of biodiversity information By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Mon, 09 Jun 2014 09:33:05 +0300 Full Article Events
cas Streamlining the use of BOLD specimen data to record species distributions: a case study with ten Nearctic species of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) By www.eubon.eu Published On :: Wed, 13 May 2015 15:47:37 +0300 Full Article Events
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