An early leader in environmental policy, the Netherlands has decoupled greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth and virtually eliminated landfilling over the past decade. Yet a very fossil fuel-intensive energy mix and looming pressures from traffic congestion and intensive farming are creating new challenges, according to a new OECD report.

The labour market recovery in the Netherlands is lagging behind. As of the last quarter of 2015, the unemployment rate stood at 6.7%, just one percentage point lower than its cyclical peak and three percentage points higher from its level at the start of the global financial crisis. As a result of the sluggish recovery, the unemployment rate in the Netherlands is now slightly higher than that for the OECD as a whole.

This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for the Netherlands. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.

As part of continuing efforts to improve the international tax framework, the OECD has released the first analysis of individual country efforts to improve dispute resolution mechanisms.

Government at a Glance provides a dashboard of key indicators to help you analyse international comparisons of public sector performance.

Consumer Price Index Cpi in Somalia increased to 116.55 points in March from 114.13 points in February of 2020. Consumer Price Index Cpi in Somalia averaged 112.27 points from 2018 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 117.01 points in June of 2019 and a record low of 106.24 points in January of 2018. The most important categories in the Somali consumer price index are Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (46 percent of the total weight) and Housing, Water, Electricity & Gas (23 percent), followed by Clothing & Footwear (5 percent), Health (5 percent), Transport (4 percent), Furnishing, Households & Maintenance (3 percent), Communication (3 percent), Tobacco & Narcotics (1 percent), and Recreation & Culture (1 percent). This page provides - Somalia Consumer Price Index CPI- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Norway decreased to 67.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 68.60 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in Norway averaged 68.35 percent from 1988 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 71.80 percent in the second quarter of 2008 and a record low of 63 percent in the first quarter of 1993. In Norway, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Norway Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in France increased to 65.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 65.20 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in France averaged 63.89 percent from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 65.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 63 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. In France, the employment rate measures the number of people aged 15 to 64 who have a job as a percentage of the labour force from the same age group. This page provides - France Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Ireland increased to 70.20 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 69.60 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in Ireland averaged 66.44 percent from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 72.50 percent in the third quarter of 2007 and a record low of 59.30 percent in the first quarter of 2012. In Ireland, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Ireland Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in South Africa remained unchanged at 42.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 42.40 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in South Africa averaged 43.16 percent from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 46.17 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and a record low of 41 percent in the first quarter of 2004. In South Africa, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - South Africa Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Australia remained unchanged at 62.60 percent in February from 62.60 percent in January of 2020. Employment Rate in Australia averaged 59.07 percent from 1978 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 62.90 percent in April of 2008 and a record low of 54 percent in April of 1983. In Australia, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Australia Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Turkey decreased to 45.30 percent in January from 45.50 percent in December of 2019. Employment Rate in Turkey averaged 43.45 percent from 2005 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 47.90 percent in December of 2017 and a record low of 38.90 percent in April of 2009. In Turkey, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Turkey Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in the United Kingdom increased to 76.60 percent in January from 76.50 percent in December of 2019. Employment Rate in the United Kingdom averaged 71.34 percent from 1971 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 76.60 percent in January of 2020 and a record low of 65.60 percent in March of 1983. In United Kingdom, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - United Kingdom Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Germany remained unchanged at 77 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 77 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in Germany averaged 69.42 percent from 1992 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 77 percent in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 63.60 percent in the second quarter of 1997. In Germany, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Germany Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Switzerland increased to 81 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 80.40 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in Switzerland averaged 79.13 percent from 1996 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 81.30 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016 and a record low of 76.90 percent in the second quarter of 1997. In Switzerland, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Switzerland Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Mexico increased to 97.06 percent in March from 96.43 percent in February of 2020. Employment Rate in Mexico averaged 95.79 percent from 2005 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 97.23 percent in December of 2005 and a record low of 93.58 percent in September of 2009. In Mexico, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Mexico Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Japan remained unchanged at 60.40 percent in March from 60.40 percent in February of 2020. Employment Rate in Japan averaged 60.17 percent from 1972 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 65.40 percent in October of 1973 and a record low of 55.90 percent in January of 2012. In Japan, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Japan Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in the United States decreased to 51.30 percent in April from 60 percent in March of 2020. Employment Rate in the United States averaged 59.26 percent from 1948 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 64.70 percent in April of 2000 and a record low of 51.30 percent in April of 2020. In United States, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - United States Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Employment Rate in Canada decreased to 52.10 percent in April from 58.50 percent in March of 2020. Employment Rate in Canada averaged 60.35 percent from 1976 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 63.70 percent in February of 2008 and a record low of 52.10 percent in April of 2020. In Canada, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Canada Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The conference discussed the results of the project as well as policy recommendations on training and skills development for the creation of an innovative and competitive SME sector in OECD countries.

Mr. Angel Gurría will be in Istanbul on 2- 3 October 2013, to attend the Informal Meeting of OECD Ministers of Education taking place under the overall theme Fostering skills and employability through education. The Secretary-General will deliver opening remarks on “Kick-starting a global skills revolution”, alongside Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Minister of National Education Nabi Avci.

These country notes contain indicators which compare the political and institutional frameworks of national governments as well as revenues and expenditures, employment, and compensation. They include a description of government policies on integrity, e-government and open government.

Following recent Turkish media reports, the OECD would like to clarify that it has published no recent review of Turkey. The publication of the 2014 Economic Survey of Turkey is planned for July.

Turkey is a significant and geopolitically critical economy. Its companies, like those from many other countries, operate in corruption-prone sectors and countries. In spite of this, only 10 allegations have come to the attention of Turkish authorities since foreign bribery became an offence in Turkey in 2003.

This publication highlights new evidence on policies to support job creation, bringing together the latest research on labour market, entrepreneurship and local economic development policy to help governments support job creation in the recovery. It also includes a set of country pages featuring, among other things, new data on skills supply and demand at the level of smaller OECD regions (TL3).

The OECD Port-Cities Programme aims to identify how ports can be assets for urban development. The programme therefore assesses the impact of ports on cities and regions. It also compares policies aimed at increasing positive regional impacts of ports and limiting negative effects.

OECD’nin yayınladığı en son Büyümeye Geçiş raporuna göre kapsamlı bir reform gündemi doğrultusunda kararlı ve sistemli adımların atılması hükümetlere, zayıf talebi canlandırmak, sağlıklı ekonomik büyümeyi canlandırmak, iş olanakları yaratmak ve kazanımları toplumun her kesimine ulaştırmak için fırsatlar sunmaktadır.

Turkey, an OECD member country, has endured several attacks in recent times. Each of these deeds is an offense to our collective freedoms, values and way of living. We categorically condemn these terrible acts.

Turkey’s economy has proven remarkably resilient in the face of a challenging global economic context. However, further action can be taken to raise productivity and advance the shift to a more balanced, sustainable and stronger growth path that will boost living standards for the entire population, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Turkey.

This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for Turkey. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.

Unemployment in Turkey has been on an upward trajectory since 2012 and it has now peaked at nearly 11.7% (February 2017). This is in sharp contrast with the OECD average, which has been falling steadily and has now reached 5.9%.

Turkey will see its greenhouse gas emissions continue their steady rise of recent years without concrete actions to improve energy efficiency and increase the use of renewable energy sources, according to a new OECD report.

In view of Turkey’s continued failure to implement key aspects of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and to enforce its foreign bribery laws, the Working Group on Bribery will send a high-level mission to Ankara in 2020, unless Turkey takes concrete action by October 2019.

Government at a Glance provides a dashboard of key indicators to help you analyse international comparisons of public sector performance.

On 17 July 2012, the OECD Council adopted a Recommendation on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement, which together with the Guidelines, will help sensitise governments to assess their public procurement laws and practices at all levels in order to promote more effective procurement and reduce the risk of bid rigging in public tenders.

This report considers the key findings from a survey on international co-operation jointly carried out by the OECD and the International Competition Network.

This document contains the proceedings of a Roundtable on Competition and Payment Systems held in October 2012. Discussions focused on recent country experiences on developments regarding all non-paper based forms of payment such as debit and credit cards, and E-payments (through internet, mobile phones etc.).

This publication assesses the impact of previous competition law and policy reviews in nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama and Peru. This report was discussed during the 2012 annual meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum held in the Dominican Republic.

The OECD welcomes the initiative by the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS) to organise reverse auctions for the procurement of medicines. This is a further step forward in the fight against collusion in public procurement and the latest in a series of improvements in procurement by IMSS that have already saved the taxpayer billions of pesos.

This document compiles the material discussed in a competition policy roundtable on quality in competition analysis, including a summary of the discussion, country contributions, a background note and expert contribution on how quality factors are handled under U.S. law in the litigated assessment of the competitive effects of resale price maintenance.

This report documents procurement regulations and practices in Mexico's State's Employees' Social Security and Social Services Institute(ISSSTE) and makes policy recommendations in key procurement areas.

Merger control constitutes an essential component of an effective competition system. This in-depth study of Chile’s merger control regime assesses the main existing issues in the current system and provides suggestions for improvement based on OECD and international standards.

Globalisation has brought a much more international dimension to competition law. This paper presents evidence of the complexity of co-operation between competition agencies and the likely challenges they will encounter in the future to enforce competition law and co-operate effectively.

The President of the French Republic, Mr. François Hollande, met the Heads of five international economic organisations at the OECD on Friday 17th October to discuss the challenges facing the global economy.

‌International co-operation in competition law enforcement is at the core of the OECD competition-related work. Prepared by the OECD Competition Committee, this inventory focuses mainly on fifteen bilateral comprehensive government-to-government co-operation agreements where at least one of the signatories is an OECD country.

Governments are increasingly assessing the effects of their policies and effectiveness of public institutions, and competition agencies are no exception. This factsheet was elaborated to help competition agencies advocate their work. It contains evidence on the links between competition and macro-economic outcomes.

This report documents procurement regulations and practices in Mexico's main electricity company (Comisión Federal de Electricidad) and makes policy recommendations in key procurement areas.

This OECD report presents market studies practices in the six Latin America countries and provides areas for improvement on how to improve their legal and institutional set-up based on competition agencies’ practices.

Market studies provide competition authorities with an in-depth understanding of how sectors and markets work. The OECD and the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office are providing support to Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama and Peru in their use of market studies as an important competition tool.

The OECD’s Annual Meeting at Ministerial Level reinforced member governments’ support across a broad range of key OECD work.