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Fitting Multilevel Hierarchical Mixed Models Using PROC NLMIXED

This paper provides an example that shows you how to use multiple RANDOM statements in PROC NLMIXED to fit nested nonlinear mixed models, and it provides details about the computation that is involved in fitting these models.




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Dad Uses Son's College Fund To Remodel Home

It's all about the context here in this particular AITA. Dad had saved money for his son's college fund, which ultimately didn't end up getting used, because his son decided to drop out. Fast forward, and the son is asking his dad if he could tap into the college fund for what sounds like newlywed expenses/alleviating debt. Dad was not about it, because the whole point of the money was for it to be used for college. 




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First Animal Model of Chikungunya Developed

The first animal model of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), linked with large-scale epidemics that spread to Italy and India in 2007 has been developed by Researchers at the Institut Pasteur and INSERM.




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ICTs and the Health Sector: Towards Smarter Health and Wellness Models

The future sustainability of health systems will depend on how well governments are able to anticipate and respond to efficiency and quality of care challenges. Bold action is required, as well as willingness to test innovative care delivery approaches. This book examines the whole new world of possibilities in using mobiles and the Internet to address healthcare challenges.




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Connected Televisions: Convergence and Emerging Business Models

Connected television allows the provision of certain new and valuable services to end-users that will also have implications for the activities of all players in the content distribution ecosystem. In addition to identifying the new services that connected TV enables, this report analyses their effects and includes a discussion of policy implications raised for the actual connected television devices and for network infrastructure.




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The sharing economy and new models of service delivery

The June 2016 OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Digital Economy in Cancun, Mexico will discuss online platforms. Opportunities coming from online platforms not only create innovative forms of production, consumption, collaboration and sharing between individuals and organisations, but also promote economic benefits and employment opportunities thanks to the digital economy by creating a fast-moving business environment.




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Addressing Competitiveness and Carbon Leakage Impacts Arising from Multiple Carbon Markets: A modelling Assessment - Environment Working Paper No. 58

Competitiveness and carbon leakage issues have been some of the main concerns in the implementation and discussions of climate policies. This paper examines the macroeconomic and sectoral competitiveness and carbon leakage impacts associated with a range of stylised mitigation policy scenarios.




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An Overview of the OECD ENV-Linkages Model - Environment Working Paper No. 65

This document provides a detailed technical description of the ENV-Linkages model. The OECD ENV-Linkages Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is an economic model that describes how economic activities are inter-linked across several macroeconomic sectors and regions. It links economic activity to environmental pressure, specifically to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).




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Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Impacts: Conceptual Frameworks, Modelling Approaches and Research Needs - Environment Working Paper No. 66

This paper presents a framework to include feedbacks from climate impacts on the economy in integrated assessment models. The proposed framework uses a production function approach, which links climate impacts to key variables and parameters used in the specification of economic activity. The paper pays particular attention to the challenges of distinguishing between damages and the costs of adapting to climate change.




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Southeast Asia should switch to a greener growth model, OECD says

Southeast Asia’s over-reliance on natural resources like oil, gas, minerals and wood for economic growth is unsustainable over the long term and is causing environmental damage that will hurt future prosperity if left unchecked, according to a new OECD report.




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Multi-objective local environmental simulator (MOLES 1.0): Model specification, algorithm design and policy applications - Environment Working Paper

This paper describes MOLES 1.0, an integrated land-use and transport model developed with Object-Oriented Programming principles in order to combine selected characteristics from Spatial Computable General Equilibrium and microsimulation models. MOLES 1.0 models the links between urban land use, mobility patterns, urban economic activities and their environmental impacts, in particular air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases.




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The Macroeconomics of the Circular Economy Transition: A Critical Review of Modelling Approaches - Environment Working Paper

This paper reviews the existing literature on modelling the macroeconomic consequences of the transition to a circular economy. It provides insights into the current state of the art on modelling policies to improve resource efficiency and the transition to a circular economy by examining 24 modelling-based assessments of a circular economy transition.




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The Czech economy is thriving but boosting skills and productivity and transitioning to a low-carbon productive model is vital to sustainable and inclusive growth

The Czech economy is thriving, with robust employment, expanding exports and falling government debt. Efforts should now focus on boosting workforce skills and innovation to improve labour supply and productivity, further reduce poverty and inequality, and green the economy, according to two new OECD reports.




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Latvian economy is thriving, but boosting productivity, improving social protection and transitioning to a low-carbon productive model are vital for sustainable and inclusive growth

The Latvian economy is thriving, with strong job growth driving convergence with more advanced economies. Efforts should now focus on reducing inequality, responding to the challenges posed by population ageing and making growth stronger, inclusive and greener, according to two new OECD reports.




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Why New Business Models Matter for Green Growth

New business models can help reduce environmental pollution, optimise the use of natural resources, increase productivity and energy efficiency, and provide a new source of economic growth. The development of new business models is also affected by a range of barriers, many of which can be addressed by well-designed policies.




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Why New Business Models Matter for Green Growth

Although the market for green goods and services is growing, the development of new business models is affected by a range of barriers, many of which can be addressed by well-designed policies.




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Southeast Asia should switch to a greener growth model, OECD says

Southeast Asia’s over-reliance on natural resources like oil, gas, minerals and wood for economic growth is unsustainable over the long term and is causing environmental damage that will hurt future prosperity if left unchecked, according to a new OECD report.




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Modelling of distribution impacts of energy subsidy reforms: An illustration with Indonesia - Environment Working Paper

This report develops an analytical framework that assesses the macroeconomic, environmental and distributional consequences of energy subsidy reforms. The framework is applied to the case of Indonesia to study the consequences in this country of a gradual phase out of all energy consumption subsidies between 2012 and 2020.




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Review: The co-operative model in Trentino (Italy) - A case study

The Trentino co-operative model has gained wide acclaim for its positive economic and social impact upon the territory. Developing a strong understanding of why the model has been so effective is important in identifying those factors which other localities could utilise as potential criticalities.




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Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions - Review of Models

This report provides a comparative overview of common standards and key features of specialised anti-corruption institutions and comprehensive descriptions of 19 anti-corruption institutions operating in different parts of the world, presented in a comparable framework.




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Review: The co-operative model in Trentino (Italy) - A case study

The Trentino co-operative model has gained wide acclaim for its positive economic and social impact upon the territory. Developing a strong understanding of why the model has been so effective is important in identifying those factors which other localities could utilise as potential criticalities.




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Descriptions of existing models and tools used for exposure assessment: Results of OECD Survey

This document includes a table which summarises descriptions of existing models and tools used for exposure assessment, as well as responses to a 2010 survey – conducted by the OECD Task Force on Exposure Assessment - upon which the table was based. The summary table and the responses are also available in the OECD Environmental Risk Assessment Toolkit (http://envriskassessmenttoolkit.oecd.org/).




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International model reveals what Prince Andrew REALLY did inside Jeffrey Epstein's New York mansion

Paedophile Jeffrey Epstein arranged for three young women to meet Prince Andrew at his notorious New York mansion, a former model involved in Epstein's inner circle claimed last night.




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These are the models F1 racers would have to drive if the cars came from showrooms

Ahead of the 2020 F1 season, here's a look at what the racers would be driving if they had to pilot the best road cars made by their respective teams - and where they'd be on the grid.




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The 2020 World Car of the Year is a model you CAN'T buy in the UK 

The Telluride is an eight-seat SUV that's broadly based on Kia's smaller Sorento - but is only sold in the US and is not planned for UK showrooms any time soon.




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International model reveals what Prince Andrew REALLY did inside Jeffrey Epstein's New York mansion

Paedophile Jeffrey Epstein arranged for three young women to meet Prince Andrew at his notorious New York mansion, a former model involved in Epstein's inner circle claimed last night.




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MAFS' Martha Kalifatidis models herself on Anna Nicole Smith

Martha Kalifatidis is hoping to bring old Hollywood glamour back.




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Model Elyse Knowles buys $2.3million Byron Bay beach house

Elyse Knowles has bought a $2.3million beach house in Byron Bay. 




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Adriana Lima puts her supermodel legs on full display in barely-there bikini after breaking a sweat

After a decadent oceanside lunch paired with a bottle of Perrier-Jouët champagne and lobster, the mom bared her taut midriff in a barely-there bikini.




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Jhatpat shoots are the new route to modelling moolah

She is fair, light-eyed and the perfect clothes horse. But on days when regular modelling assignments dry up, she doesn't mind changing 50 outfits and being photographed in a small studio against a plain white backdrop. Front, side, and back and you are done, says Anushree, 24, a Mumbai model.




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Iulia Vantur Says Salman Khan Looks Like A 'Supermodel' In Latest Picture With Niketan Madhok

Salman Khan is currently living with his family at the Panvel farmhouse, from where everyone often shares their daily updates on social media. Recently, in one such Salman Khan's post, Iulia Vantur called him a supermodel. Salman, while at




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Honda Is Likely To launch The New-Generation City Alongside Current Models

Honda is planning to sell the outgoing Honda City sedan alongside the new models at the same time. This news was confirmed according to a report by Autocar India. Moreover, the new Honda City is likely to get a suffix in




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New Skoda Enyaq Electric SUV Teasers Released: Here Are All The Detail Of Skoda’s First EV Model

Skoda Auto has released the first set of teaser images of its electric SUV, the Enyaq iV. The new Skoda Enyaq will be the brand's first full-electric SUV and will be based on Volkswagen's MEB electric vehicle platform.




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Royal Enfield To Come Up With Some New Models In The Future

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the auto industry has taken a huge hit. To keep business running, manufacturers are launching some of their new products silently. As soon as the pandemic ends, every manufacturer will have some new product to launch.




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Vespa Elegante BS6 125 & 149 Models Revealed Ahead Of India Launch

Vespa Elegante BS6 125 and the 149 models have been revealed ahead of its India launch. The Vespa 125 and the 149 Elegante models are the top-of-the-line variants in the 125cc and the 149cc categories, respectively.




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Bajaj Discover & V BS6 Models Will Be Introduced Soon: Here Are All The Details

The Bajaj Discover and the V models will be introduced with a BS6 compliant engine soon in India. The re-launch of these models is expected to be delayed due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic in the country.




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Royal Enfield Is Likely To Offer Bluetooth And Navigation Features On Its Upcoming Models

Companies like TVS and Hero MotoCorp have already entered the world of connected mobility. According to Bikewale, Royal Enfield is also likely to enter the world of connected mobility.




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Heliograph: optische Telegraphie: eine leichtverständliche Anleitung zur Selbstherstellung eines Apparates zum Telegraphieren mit Hilfe des Lichtes / von Arthur Gruber ; mit zwei Modellbogen

Archives, Room Use Only - UG582.H4 G78 1920z




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Singh hails ‘disciplined’ NE model of COVID-19 management

Singh hails ‘disciplined’ NE model of COVID-19 management




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Once a gun-wielding Maoist, Telangana MLA is a model for netas




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Ahmedabad youth offers model for quicker detection

Ahmedabad youth offers model for quicker detection




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Ahmedabad youth offers model for quicker detection

For Ujjawal Panchal, a 21-year-old undergraduate who is in his final year at a college in Chennai, getting stuck in his hometown of Ahmedabad due to the lockdown seems to have opened new doors.




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Assam changes labour laws, but differs from BJP model

Unlike the other Bharatiya Janata Party-led governments, Assam has not proposed doing away with most labour laws for a certain number of years. Instead it has proposed introducing fixed-term employment to help both workers and industries, and seeks to take more firms out of the ambit of laws governing factories and contract workers.





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Calculation of total scattering from a crystalline structural model based on experimental optics parameters

Total scattering measurements enable understanding of the structural disorder in crystalline materials by Fourier transformation of the total structure factor, S(Q), where Q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. In this work, the direct calculation of total scattering from a crystalline structural model is proposed. To calculate the total scattering intensity, a suitable Q-broadening function for the diffraction profile is needed because the intensity and the width depend on the optical parameters of the diffraction apparatus, such as the X-ray energy resolution and divergence, and the intrinsic parameters. X-ray total scattering measurements for CeO2 powder were performed at beamline BL04B2 of the SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility in Japan for comparison with the calculated S(Q) under various optical conditions. The evaluated Q-broadening function was comparable to the full width at half-maximum of the Bragg peaks in the experimental total scattering pattern. The proposed calculation method correctly accounts for parameters with Q dependence such as the atomic form factor and resolution function, enables estimation of the total scattering factor, and facilitates determination of the reduced pair distribution function for both crystalline and amorphous materials.




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Namdinator – automatic molecular dynamics flexible fitting of structural models into cryo-EM and crystallography experimental maps

Model building into experimental maps is a key element of structural biology, but can be both time consuming and error prone for low-resolution maps. Here we present Namdinator, an easy-to-use tool that enables the user to run a molecular dynamics flexible fitting simulation followed by real-space refinement in an automated manner through a pipeline system. Namdinator will modify an atomic model to fit within cryo-EM or crystallography density maps, and can be used advantageously for both the initial fitting of models, and for a geometrical optimization step to correct outliers, clashes and other model problems. We have benchmarked Namdinator against 39 deposited cryo-EM models and maps, and observe model improvements in 34 of these cases (87%). Clashes between atoms were reduced, and the model-to-map fit and overall model geometry were improved, in several cases substantially. We show that Namdinator is able to model large-scale conformational changes compared to the starting model. Namdinator is a fast and easy tool for structural model builders at all skill levels. Namdinator is available as a web service (https://namdinator.au.dk), or it can be run locally as a command-line tool.




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Charge densities in actinide compounds: strategies for data reduction and model building

The data quality requirements for charge density studies on actinide compounds are extreme. Important steps in data collection and reduction required to obtain such data are summarized and evaluated. The steps involved in building an augmented Hansen–Coppens multipole model for an actinide pseudo-atom are provided. The number and choice of radial functions, in particular the definition of the core, valence and pseudo-valence terms are discussed. The conclusions in this paper are based on a re-examination and improvement of a previously reported study on [PPh4][UF6]. Topological analysis of the total electron density shows remarkable agreement between experiment and theory; however, there are significant differences in the Laplacian distribution close to the uranium atoms which may be due to the effective core potential employed for the theoretical calculations.




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A new small-angle X-ray scattering model for polymer spherulites with a limited lateral size of the lamellar crystals

As is well known, polymers commonly form lamellar crystals, and these assemble further into lamellar stacks and spherulites during quiescent crystallization. Fifty years ago, Vonk and Kortleve constructed the classical small-angle X-ray scattering theory (SAXS) for a lamellar system, in which it was assumed that the lamellar stack had an infinite lateral size [Vonk & Kortleve (1967), Kolloid Z. Z. Polym. 220, 19–24]. Under this assumption, only crystal planes satisfying the Bragg condition can form strong scattering, and the scattering from the lamellar stack arises from the difference between the scattering intensities in the amorphous and crystalline layers, induced by the incident X-ray beam. This assumption is now deemed unreasonable. In a real polymer spherulite, the lamellar crystal commonly has dimensions of only a few hundred nanometres. At such a limited lateral size, lamellar stacks in a broad orientation have similar scattering, so interference between these lamellar stacks must be considered. Scattering from lamellar stacks parallel to the incident X-ray beam also needs to be considered when total reflection occurs. In this study, various scattering contributions from lamellar stacks in a spherulite are determined. It is found that, for a limited lateral size, the scattering induced by the incident X-ray beam is not the main origin of SAXS. It forms double peaks, which are not observed in real scattering because of destructive interference between the lamellar stacks. The scattering induced by the evanescent wave is the main origin. It can form a similar interference pattern to that observed in a real SAXS measurement: a Guinier region in the small-q range, a signal region in the intermediate-q range and a Porod region in the high-q range. It is estimated that, to avoid destructive interference, the lateral size needs to be greater than 11 µm, which cannot be satisfied in a real lamellar system. Therefore, SAXS in a real polymer system arises largely from the scattering induced by the evanescent wave. Evidence for the existence of the evanescent wave was identified in the scattering of isotactic polypropyl­ene. This study corrects a long-term misunderstanding of SAXS in a polymer lamellar system.




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Prediction of models for ordered solvent in macromolecular structures by a classifier based upon resolution-independent projections of local feature data

Current software tools for the automated building of models for macro­molecular X-ray crystal structures are capable of assembling high-quality models for ordered macromolecule and small-molecule scattering components with minimal or no user supervision. Many of these tools also incorporate robust functionality for modelling the ordered water molecules that are found in nearly all macromolecular crystal structures. However, no current tools focus on differentiating these ubiquitous water molecules from other frequently occurring multi-atom solvent species, such as sulfate, or the automated building of models for such species. PeakProbe has been developed specifically to address the need for such a tool. PeakProbe predicts likely solvent models for a given point (termed a `peak') in a structure based on analysis (`probing') of its local electron density and chemical environment. PeakProbe maps a total of 19 resolution-dependent features associated with electron density and two associated with the local chemical environment to a two-dimensional score space that is independent of resolution. Peaks are classified based on the relative frequencies with which four different classes of solvent (including water) are observed within a given region of this score space as determined by large-scale sampling of solvent models in the Protein Data Bank. Designed to classify peaks generated from difference density maxima, PeakProbe also incorporates functionality for identifying peaks associated with model errors or clusters of peaks likely to correspond to multi-atom solvent, and for the validation of existing solvent models using solvent-omit electron-density maps. When tasked with classifying peaks into one of four distinct solvent classes, PeakProbe achieves greater than 99% accuracy for both peaks derived directly from the atomic coordinates of existing solvent models and those based on difference density maxima. While the program is still under development, a fully functional version is publicly available. PeakProbe makes extensive use of cctbx libraries, and requires a PHENIX licence and an up-to-date phenix.python environment for execution.




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Sequence assignment for low-resolution modelling of protein crystal structures

The performance of automated model building in crystal structure determination usually decreases with the resolution of the experimental data, and may result in fragmented models and incorrect side-chain assignment. Presented here are new methods for machine-learning-based docking of main-chain fragments to the sequence and for their sequence-independent connection using a dedicated library of protein fragments. The combined use of these new methods noticeably increases sequence coverage and reduces fragmentation of the protein models automatically built with ARP/wARP.