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New Chatham House History Examines our Defining Moments
New Chatham House History Examines our Defining Moments News Release NCapeling 18 January 2021
'A History of Chatham House: its People and Influence from the 1920s to the 2020s' will examine the impact on policymaking of our first 100 years.
Multivariate asymptotic normality determined by high moments
Paweł Hitczenko and Nick Wormald
Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 152 (), 5411-5427.
Abstract, references and article information
Chatham House History: Five Key Moments on Africa
9 July 2020
To mark the centenary of Chatham House, the Africa programme curated an exhibition of archive material which charts how the institute has been both a major forum for discussion on Africa, and an important platform for African leaders to engage in international affairs.Mandela1a.jpg
As with any history, Chatham House has a long and complex one. Progress has come in fits and starts, sometimes driven by wider social change, but often led by individuals within the institute. When examining the institute's work on Africa, five seminal moments from the history really stood out.
The Founders
Lionel Curtis is credited as the founder of the institute, having proposed the idea at a meeting at the Hotel Majestic while attending the Treaty of Versailles talks.
Curtis served in South Africa during the Second Boer war and subsequent period of unification. He was one of the cohort of officials that served under Lord Milner, later dubbed ‘Milner’s Kindergarten’. Several of this group were involved in the foundation of the institute.
His experiences in South Africa undoubtedly informed his political philosophy - a strong belief in liberal imperialism. This is captured in the emblems of empire inlaid into the roundtable which is still in the Chatham House library, given to Curtis as a wedding gift.
But more importantly than his political philosophy, Curtis was an astute social networker and fundraiser who unlocked the finance required to establish the institute. Curtis’s papers in the Chatham House archives depict his almost obsessive following of the career of the South African diamond tycoon Sir Abe Bailey that eventually led to the first significant endowment to the institute - after the building. South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts, a friend of Curtis and early champion of the institute, spoke at a dinner in honour of Bailey’s contribution.
Curtis’s connections meant much of the early finance came from South Africa, including from Otto Beit and Percy Molteno, who was also an early financer of the African National Congress (ANC).
Hailey’s Africa Survey
In 1938, Chatham House published Lord Hailey’s monumental Africa Survey. Its detailed 1,837 pages of study came to represent a seismic shift in attitudes towards the continent. Lord Lothian’s foreword emphasises that it grew from an idea of Smuts from 1929, although these origins remain disputed.
What is known is that Oxford University had submitted a proposal for a study of the continent to an American foundation which rejected it on the grounds that they didn’t want American money to be used to expand Smut’s doctrine of dominion. The group then merged their own plan into an emerging study by progressive missionary Joseph Oldham.
Curtis brought in his friend Lord Hailey to lead the initiative. Hailey was a distinguished civil servant who served in India but never in Africa. The project moved to Chatham House and received a substantial grant from the Carnegie Foundation. Having been originally conceived as a study to reinforce segregationist ideas, the final survey was groundbreaking. Its underlying assumption of basic racial equality debunked the premises of segregation and re-set British attitudes towards Africa.
This shift in mindset was hugely significant at the time, but the work would later be criticized for not including any African voices. And, despite carrying his name, Lord Lothian wrote very little of the text. He fell ill, in part due to the pressure of the four-year project, and the work was largely written by notable Africanists Lucy Mair, Charlotte Leubuscher, and Margery Perham. The Africa Survey was updated and reprinted in 1956, including a pull-out map depicting newly-independent Sudan. A sign of real change.
Independence and National Liberation
The 1960s was a decade of transformation both on the continent and at Chatham House. The institute became an important conduit for newly-independent African states to engage in international affairs, hosting several independence presidents, including Prime Minister Modibo Keita of Mali, President Léopold Senghor of Senegal, and President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania. Many of these speeches were republished in the Institute’s journal, International Affairs.
In January 1962, the Nigerian government invited Chatham House to host a conference in Lagos on the external international relations of the newly-independent African states. But it wasn’t just presidents that were offered a platform. Liberation leaders were also invited to speak as well as conduct research.
Dr Bernard Chidzero, a later finance minister in independent Zimbabwe, wrote on African nationalism in International Affairs in 1960, and conducted a multi-year study at the institute resulting in the publication of a book. In 1968, Eduardo Mondlane, founding president of FRELIMO, made an important speech on the nationalist fight for independence in Mozambique.
In 1961, Kenneth Younger, a new director of the institute, increased its research capacity on Africa through significant new hires. Catherine Hoskyns’s 1965 book on the Congo crisis became the seminal study on the topic. Dennis Austin, who had experience in West Africa, wrote the definitive work on Ghana’s transition to independence in 1964.
African Institutes
Chatham House has also been involved in the establishment of think-tanks across the world, including three in Africa.
The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) was founded in 1934, in response to proposals made by Chatham House the previous year at the inaugural British Commonwealth Relations Conference. An East African Institute of International Affairs was also established in Nairobi but did not survive. The Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA) was formed in 1961 in Lagos. Its founding director general Dr L A Fabunmi, said ‘the main task of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs will be to create, develop, and sustain an African perspective in world affairs’.
Chatham House has maintained a good working relationship with its sister institutes. In 2005 a special edition of International Affairs was launched at NIIA, the first time in the journal’s history it was launched outside the UK. And SAIIA staff and leaders are regular contributors to Chatham House events and research, including a partnership on the study of Central and Eastern European relations with Africa.
The Africa Programme
Created in 2002. this was the first time Chatham House had a dedicated research team working on Africa, producing a sustained and balanced assessment of events on the continent. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, work on Africa had been conducted by regionally-focused study groups, and the personal interests of the director for studies, Dr Jack Spence – a leading authority on South African foreign policy. An earlier attempt to create a more formal programme in the late 1990s fell victim to staff turnover.
In 1998, the British Angola Forum (BAF) was formed and found a home at Chatham House. It marked a departure from the institute’s focus on post-colonial 'Anglophone Africa'. At the end of Angola's civil war in 2002, under the leadership of Dr Alex Vines, the BAF morphed into a continent-wide programme.
Since then, the Africa Programme has produced more than 160 original research publications, and organizes between 120-140 events on Africa every year. The Africa Programme is marking the centenary of the institute with a major research theme on Foreign Relations and African Agency in International Relations.
Chatham House’s work on Africa has its roots in the liberal imperialism of the post war leaders. But throughout the last 100 years, it has been a platform for progress, playing a vital role in informing policymakers and facilitating debate on African affairs, as well as highlighting African perspectives on global issues.
The exhibition on the History of Africa at Chatham House was first displayed at the world-renowned fine art auctioneers and valuers Bonham’s in London for a reception in February 2020 marking the centenary of the Institute. It was curated by Christopher Vandome with the assistance of the Chatham House Library, and digitized with the help of the Institute’s communications department. Please contact the Library team for further information regarding the archive.
Chatham House Centenary:
Throughout our centenary year in 2020, Chatham House marks a century of influence, independent analysis and trusted dialogue with a number of exciting initiatives. Throughout the year, we explore key political moments from the institute's history and reflect on how Chatham House and other think-tanks should approach the future.
The moments that make it all worth it
"If you are starting out on the language and culture learning journey or if you have been at it a while and are feeling tired and despondent, I encourage you to persevere. To stick with it and pray for strength to continue. Keep asking questions and keep learning about the culture," urges Beth.
Leafs' legend Mats Sundin reacts to some of the biggest moments of his hockey career
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Brain Protein Is a Key to 'Senior Moments,' Study Finds
Title: Brain Protein Is a Key to 'Senior Moments,' Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 8/28/2013 2:35:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 8/29/2013 12:00:00 AM
From Beyoncé to brat summer, celeb endorsements and viral moments didn't matter much in this U.S. election
While buzzy social media moments, massive celebrity endorsements and viral memes were everywhere during the U.S. election campaign, those who study social media and pop culture say it's likely that smaller social media interactions had a larger impact on the outcome.
Celebrate Caturday in Style with 26 Moments from the Magical Life of Panko the Chonky Cat Child and All Her Hilarious Feline Friends
Spending Cautrday with a cat, let alone a clouder of cats is a truly special experience. There is almost a slight sense of religion to it in how regimented and celebratory the day is. There are specific feeding times for different kinds of treats, each one representing a different feline quality that we love and cherish. There are specific zoomie times that must be observed and much to our dismay there are the clawminal times that must be observed and not interfered with. So if you are spending your Caturday with cats, or simply want to see what it would be like we made this list to help you celebrate Caturday in style with marvelous moments from the magical life of Panko the chonky cat and all her hilarious feline friends.
From the cute kitten whose favorite part of Caturday is the fish smoothie feeding, to the clawminal catto who is all about the chaos of Caturday, to the flabbergasted feline who cannot believe that treat time is over and that he missed it due to indulging in too many zoomies.
'Had to sit in different seats at the theater because this is what we found': 20+ Movie theater moments that made people want to walk out early
Going to the movie theater is all fun and games until you remember you have to deal with the general populace while there.
For many people, having a night at the movies is the perfect way to view the newest blockbuster. There's nothing like the feeling of entering the theater and smelling that strong popcorn scent. You get your tickets and snacks, then make your way to your seat to watch a bunch of trailers. (Some people don't like watching trailers, but I think it's a good way to get your money's worth out of your excursion!) Then you settle in to watch the film on the giant screen in total darkness.
Well, that's the ideal situation. But I'm sure you know that the people below had much worse movie dates than that. For example, a shocking amount of people enjoy using multiple screens during the showing. Some pull out their phones at full brightness. Others will shell out $20 for a ticket, only to pull out their laptops and work the whole time (or at least until the manager tells them to knock it off). And that's just one of the numerous issues that these movie-goers encountered… check out a bunch more below.
Up next, read about the single very silly reason this manager refused to hire a qualified barista, saying that "[It] is just really tacky."
Seven wild moments from the turbulent story of Bitcoin
Its record price is making headlines - but that's just one part of the cryptocurrency's tumultuous story.
Hop On If you're Tired Of Muggles and Want to Relive Hogwarts Moments!
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Shahid-Kareena Kapoor's Reel vs Real Lip-locks: The Former Couple's Passionate and Embarrassing Kissing Moments Caught on Camera
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Narayan Murthy forgot his 25th wedding anniversary; Sudha doesn't cook: Couple share heartiest moments on Kapil Sharma show
On Saturday's episode co-founder of Infosys Narayana Murthy and his wife Sudha Murthy, Zomato CEO Deepinder Goyal and his wife Grecia Munoz graced the Kapil Sharma show. The couple delighted the viewers with their charming personalities and candid stories.
'Your honesty makes me...': Parineeti Chopra pens filmy wish for husband Raghav Chadha; captures unseen moments
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Netflix Launches ‘Moments’ Feature to Help You Share Your Favourite Clips to Social Media
Netflix has launched a new mobile feature called 'Moments,' which is now accessible worldwide. This tool enables users to effortlessly save, relive, and share their favourite scenes from Netflix series and films. The feature is designed to enhance the viewing experience
'Echo dark moments in history': US President Biden condemns 'antisemitic' attacks on Israeli soccer fans in Amsterdam
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Tom Holland, Zendaya, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Dove Cameron, Jon Hamm, David Tennant, Novak Djokovic, Daniel Radcliffe, Sophie Turner, Jack Black, and much more answer the web's most searched questions about themselves.
Expert breaks down most iconic VFX moments | Expert Opinion
From Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey to Disney's Star Wars spin-off series, The Mandalorian, visual effects are breaking barriers and conventions year after year. Taking us through some of these pivotal VFX moments in film history is visual effects artist Steven Bray, who's worked on shows including The Crown, Sherlock and Silent Witness. Join Bray as he breaks down Yul Brynner's heat vision in Westworld, Jurassic Park's CGI dinosaurs and those Davy Jones tentacles from Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. #VisualEffects #FilmHistory #CGI
John Cena Breaks Down 4 Moments From His Life
"Peacemaker" star John Cena talks about a few of the most significant moments of his life. John talks about moments like his match with The Rock at WrestleMania XXVIII, his work with Make-A-Wish, and playing the titular role of Peacemaker.
‘Miss Shetty Mr Polishetty’ movie review: Anushka Shetty, Naveen Polishetty shoulder a simple urban romance with fun moments
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Sahasam Swasaga Sagipo: Moments to savour
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Immortal moments
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[ Physics ] Open Question : Help with a non-uniform moments question...?
Ok, so I have tried and do not get the same as as the book (1.6m). Can someone show the forces diagram or something , please?
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Michelle Heaton poses moments before falling backwards into her paddling pool
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Top 5 Moments From The Supreme Court's 1st Week Of Livestreaming Arguments
The Supreme Court justices heard oral arguments remotely this week, and for the first time the arguments were streamed live to the public.; Credit: Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images
Christina Peck and Nina Totenberg | NPRFor the first time in its 231-year history, the Supreme Court justices heard oral arguments remotely by phone and made the audio available live.
The new setup went off largely without difficulties, but produced some memorable moments, including one justice forgetting to unmute and an ill-timed bathroom break.
Here are the top five can't-miss moments from this week's history-making oral arguments.
A second week of arguments begin on Monday at 10 a.m. ET. Here's a rundown of the cases and how to listen.
1. Justice Clarence Thomas speaks ... a lot
Supreme Court oral arguments are verbal jousting matches. The justices pepper the lawyers with questions, interrupting counsel repeatedly and sometimes even interrupting each other.
Justice Clarence Thomas, who has sat on the bench for nearly 30 years, has made his dislike of the chaotic process well known, at one point not asking a question for a full decade.
But with no line of sight, the telephone arguments have to be rigidly organized, and each justice, in order of seniority, has an allotted 2 minutes for questioning.
It turn out that Thomas, second in seniority, may just have been waiting his turn. Rather than passing, as had been expected, he has been Mr. Chatty Cathy, using every one of his turns at bat so far.
Thomas broke a year-long silence on Monday in a trademark case testing whether a company can trademark by adding .com to a generic term. In this case, Booking.com.
"Could Booking acquire an 800 number, for example, that's a vanity number — 1-800-BOOKING, for example?" Thomas asked.
2. The unstoppable RBG
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg participated in Wednesday's argument from the hospital. In pain during Tuesday's arguments, the 87-year-old underwent non-surgical treatment for a gall bladder infection at Johns Hopkins Hospital later that day, according to a Supreme Court press release.
But she was ferocious on Wednesday morning, calling in from her hospital room in a case testing the Trump administration's new rule expanding exemptions from Obamacare's birth control mandate for nonprofits and some for-profit companies that have religious or moral objections to birth control.
"The glaring feature" of the Trump administration's new rules, is that they "toss to the winds entirely Congress' instruction that women need and shall have seamless, no-cost, comprehensive coverage," she said.
3. Who flushed?
During Wednesday's second oral argument, Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants, a case in which the justices weighed a First Amendment challenge to a federal rule than bans most robocalls, something very unexpected happened.
Partway through lawyer Roman Martinez's argument time, a toilet flush could be distinctly heard.
Martinez seemed unperturbed and continued speaking in spite of the awkward moment.
The flush quickly picked up steam online, becoming the first truly viral moment from the court's new livestream oral arguments.
4. Hello, where are you?
Justice Sonia Sotomayor, considered one of the most tech-savvy of the justices, experienced a couple of technical difficulties with her mute button.
In both Monday and Tuesday arguments, the first time she was at bat, there were prolonged pauses, prompting Chief Justice John Roberts to call, "Justice Sotomayor?" a few times before she hopped on with a brief, "Sorry, Chief," before launching into her questions.
By Wednesday she seemed to have gotten used to the new format, but the trouble then jumped to Thomas, who was entirely missing in action when his turn came. He ultimately went out of order Wednesday morning.
5. Running over time
Oral arguments usually run one hour almost exactly, with lawyers for each side having 30 minutes to make their case. In an attempt to stick as closely as possible to that format, the telephone rules allocate 2 minutes of questioning to each justice for each round of questioning.
Chief Justice John Roberts spent the week jumping into exchanges, cutting off both lawyers and justices in the process, to keep the proceedings on track. Even so the arguments ran longer than usual.
But in Wednesday's birth control case, oral arguments went a whopping 40 minutes longer than expected.
Justice Alito, for his part, hammered the lawyer challenging the Trump administration's new birth control rules for more than seven minutes, without interruption from the chief justice.
Referencing a decision he wrote in 2014, Alito said that "Hobby Lobby held that if a person sincerely believes that it is immoral to perform an act that has the effect of enabling another person to commit an immoral act, the federal court does not have the right to say that this person is wrong on the question of moral complicity. That is precisely the question here."
Christina Peck is NPR's legal affairs intern.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.
Top 5 Moments From The Supreme Court's 1st Week Of Livestreaming Arguments
The Supreme Court justices heard oral arguments remotely this week, and for the first time the arguments were streamed live to the public.; Credit: Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images
Christina Peck and Nina Totenberg | NPRFor the first time in its 231-year history, the Supreme Court justices heard oral arguments remotely by phone and made the audio available live.
The new setup went off largely without difficulties, but produced some memorable moments, including one justice forgetting to unmute and an ill-timed bathroom break.
Here are the top five can't-miss moments from this week's history-making oral arguments.
A second week of arguments begin on Monday at 10 a.m. ET. Here's a rundown of the cases and how to listen.
1. Justice Clarence Thomas speaks ... a lot
Supreme Court oral arguments are verbal jousting matches. The justices pepper the lawyers with questions, interrupting counsel repeatedly and sometimes even interrupting each other.
Justice Clarence Thomas, who has sat on the bench for nearly 30 years, has made his dislike of the chaotic process well known, at one point not asking a question for a full decade.
But with no line of sight, the telephone arguments have to be rigidly organized, and each justice, in order of seniority, has an allotted 2 minutes for questioning.
It turn out that Thomas, second in seniority, may just have been waiting his turn. Rather than passing, as had been expected, he has been Mr. Chatty Cathy, using every one of his turns at bat so far.
Thomas broke a year-long silence on Monday in a trademark case testing whether a company can trademark by adding .com to a generic term. In this case, Booking.com.
"Could Booking acquire an 800 number, for example, that's a vanity number — 1-800-BOOKING, for example?" Thomas asked.
2. The unstoppable RBG
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg participated in Wednesday's argument from the hospital. In pain during Tuesday's arguments, the 87-year-old underwent non-surgical treatment for a gall bladder infection at Johns Hopkins Hospital later that day, according to a Supreme Court press release.
But she was ferocious on Wednesday morning, calling in from her hospital room in a case testing the Trump administration's new rule expanding exemptions from Obamacare's birth control mandate for nonprofits and some for-profit companies that have religious or moral objections to birth control.
"The glaring feature" of the Trump administration's new rules, is that they "toss to the winds entirely Congress' instruction that women need and shall have seamless, no-cost, comprehensive coverage," she said.
3. Who flushed?
During Wednesday's second oral argument, Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants, a case in which the justices weighed a First Amendment challenge to a federal rule than bans most robocalls, something very unexpected happened.
Partway through lawyer Roman Martinez's argument time, a toilet flush could be distinctly heard.
Martinez seemed unperturbed and continued speaking in spite of the awkward moment.
The flush quickly picked up steam online, becoming the first truly viral moment from the court's new livestream oral arguments.
4. Hello, where are you?
Justice Sonia Sotomayor, considered one of the most tech-savvy of the justices, experienced a couple of technical difficulties with her mute button.
In both Monday and Tuesday arguments, the first time she was at bat, there were prolonged pauses, prompting Chief Justice John Roberts to call, "Justice Sotomayor?" a few times before she hopped on with a brief, "Sorry, Chief," before launching into her questions.
By Wednesday she seemed to have gotten used to the new format, but the trouble then jumped to Thomas, who was entirely missing in action when his turn came. He ultimately went out of order Wednesday morning.
5. Running over time
Oral arguments usually run one hour almost exactly, with lawyers for each side having 30 minutes to make their case. In an attempt to stick as closely as possible to that format, the telephone rules allocate 2 minutes of questioning to each justice for each round of questioning.
Chief Justice John Roberts spent the week jumping into exchanges, cutting off both lawyers and justices in the process, to keep the proceedings on track. Even so the arguments ran longer than usual.
But in Wednesday's birth control case, oral arguments went a whopping 40 minutes longer than expected.
Justice Alito, for his part, hammered the lawyer challenging the Trump administration's new birth control rules for more than seven minutes, without interruption from the chief justice.
Referencing a decision he wrote in 2014, Alito said that "Hobby Lobby held that if a person sincerely believes that it is immoral to perform an act that has the effect of enabling another person to commit an immoral act, the federal court does not have the right to say that this person is wrong on the question of moral complicity. That is precisely the question here."
Christina Peck is NPR's legal affairs intern.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.This content is from Southern California Public Radio. View the original story at SCPR.org.