Lung cancer (LC) remains the leading cause of mortality from malignant tumors worldwide. In our previous study, we surveyed both IgG and IgM-bound serological biomarkers and validated a panel of IgG-bound autoantigens for early LC diagnosis with 50% sensitivity at 90% specificity. To further improve the performance of these serological biomarkers, we surveyed HuProt arrays, comprised of 20,240 human proteins, for IgA-bound autoantigens because IgAs are a major immunoglobulin isotype in the lung. Integrating with IgG-bound autoantigens, we discovered and validated a combined biomarker panel using ELISA-format tests. Specifically, in Phase I, we obtained IgA-based autoimmune profiles of 69 early stage LC patients, 30 healthy subjects and 25 patients with lung benign lesions (LBL) on HuProt arrays and identified 28 proteins as candidate autoantigens that were significantly associated with early stage LC. In Phase II, we re-purified the autoantigens and converted them into an ELISA-format testing to profile an additional large cohort, comprised of 136 early stage LC patients, 58 healthy individuals, and 29 LBL patients. Integration of IgG autoimmune profiles allowed us to identify and validate a biomarker panel of three IgA autoantigens (i.e. BCL7A, and TRIM33 and MTERF4) and three IgG autoantigens (i.e. CTAG1A, DDX4 and MAGEC2) for diagnosis of early stage LC with 73.5% sensitivity at >85% specificity. In Phase III, the performance of this biomarker panel was confirmed with an independent cohort, comprised of 88 early stage LC patients, 18 LBL patients, and 36 healthy subjects. Finally, a blind test on 178 serum samples was conducted to confirm the performance of the biomarker panel. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time that an integrated panel of IgA/IgG autoantigens can serve as valuable biomarkers to further improve the performance of early diagnosis of LC.

April Designated as Lung Cancer Screening Awareness Month DOVER – Dramatic “before-and-after-smoking” inflatable lungs shared center stage with Governor John Carney as he urged Delawareans at high risk of lung cancer to get life-saving screenings. Governor Carney proclaimed April as Lung Cancer Screening Awareness Month in Delaware at the Delaware Cancer Consortium’s (DCC) annual retreat […]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Friday approved a drug to treat lung and thyroid cancers driven by a specific genetic mutation that Eli Lilly and Co acquired with its 2019 purchase of Loxo Oncology.

Title: Acrylamide Doesn't Raise Lung Cancer Risk
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2009 2:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2009 12:00:00 AM

Title: Lung Cancer Surgery May Be Safest at High-Volume Hospitals, Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2014 12:35:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Drugs Show Promise for Some Advanced Lung Cancers
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

Paclitaxel has been considered to cause OATP1B-mediated drug-drug interactions at therapeutic doses; however, its clinical relevance has not been demonstrated. This study aimed to elucidate in vivo inhibition potency of paclitaxel against OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 using endogenous OATP1B biomarkers. Paclitaxel is an inhibitor of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, with K_i of 0.579 ± 0.107 and 5.29 ± 3.87 μM, respectively. Preincubation potentiated its inhibitory effect on both OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, with K_i of 0.154 ± 0.031 and 0.624 ± 0.183 μM, respectively. Ten patients with non–small cell lung cancer who received 200 mg/m² of paclitaxel by a 3-hour infusion were recruited. Plasma concentrations of 10 endogenous OATP1B biomarkers—namely, coproporphyrin I, coproporphyrin III, glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, glycochenodeoxycholate-3-glucuronide, glycodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, glycodeoxycholate-3-glucuronide, lithocholate-3-sulfate, glycolithocholate-3-sulfate, taurolithocholate-3-sulfate, and chenodeoxycholate-24-glucuronide—were determined in the patients with non–small cell lung cancer on the day before paclitaxel administration and after the end of paclitaxel infusion for 7 hours. Paclitaxel increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of the endogenous biomarkers 2- to 4-fold, although a few patients did not show any increment in the AUC ratios of lithocholate-3-sulfate, glycolithocholate-3-sulfate, and taurolithocholate-3-sulfate. Therapeutic doses of paclitaxel for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (200 mg/m²) will cause significant OATP1B1 inhibition during and at the end of the infusion. This is the first demonstration that endogenous OATP1B biomarkers could serve as surrogate biomarkers in patients.

Previous studies indicated that circular RNAs (circRNA) played vital roles in the development of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although hsa_circ_0014130 might be a potential NSCLC biomarker, its function in NSCLC remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of hsa_circ_0014130 in the progression of NSCLC. The levels of hsa_circ_0014130 in NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. In addition, the expressions of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in A549 cells were detected with Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the dual luciferase reporter system assay was used to determine the interaction of hsa_circ_0014130 and miR-136-5p or Bcl-2 and miR-136-5p in NSCLC, respectively. The level of hsa_circ_0014130 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0014130 markedly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells via inducing apoptosis. In addition, downregulation of hsa_circ_0014130 inhibited the tumorigenesis of subcutaneous A549 xenograft in mice in vivo. Meanwhile, mechanistic analysis indicated that downregulation of hsa_circ_0014130 decreased the expression of miR-136-5p–targeted gene Bcl-2 via acting as a competitive "sponge" of miR-136-5p. In this study, we found that hsa_circ_0014130 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues. In addition, hsa_circ_0014130 functions as a tumor promoter in NSCLC to promote tumor growth through upregulating Bcl-2 partially via "sponging" miR-136-5p.

Introduction

Immunotherapy has become the standard of care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to quantify the economic impact, in France, of anti-PD-1 therapy for NSCLC.

In low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer, all three main conditions for overdiagnosis in cancer screening are present: 1) a reservoir of slowly or nongrowing lung cancer exists; 2) LDCT is a high-resolution imaging technology with the potential to identify this reservoir; and 3) eligible screening participants have a high risk of dying from causes other than lung cancer. The degree of overdiagnosis in cancer screening is most validly estimated in high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs), with enough follow-up time after the end of screening to avoid lead-time bias and without contamination of the control group.

Nine RCTs investigating LDCT screening were identified. Two RCTs were excluded because lung cancer incidence after the end of screening was not published. Two other RCTs using active comparators were also excluded. Therefore, five RCTs were included: two trials were at low risk of bias, two of some concern and one at high risk of bias. In a meta-analysis of the two low risk of bias RCTs including 8156 healthy current or former smokers, 49% of the screen-detected cancers were overdiagnosed. There is uncertainty about this substantial degree of overdiagnosis due to unexplained heterogeneity and low precision of the summed estimate across the two trials.

Some years ago, I entered a completely unfamiliar world. This was a landscape that clinicians deal with every day but for the individual suspected of having lung cancer, it can appear hostile and scary, often misrepresented by outdated imagery, information and television portrayal. Lung cancer is not awash with celebrities admitting to having it or grand fundraising campaigns like other conditions. Despite many changes in the treatment landscape, it's still generally much more stigmatised than other cancers.

Since lung cancer (LC) is still the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide [1], early detection through screening represents an important opportunity to improve LC survival and is a priority area for cancer care. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) aimed to compare low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) with chest radiography in LC screening of current or former heavy smokers. The trial found a relative reduction in mortality from LC of 20% in those who had undergone LDCT screening. LC screening has regained prominence in the thoracic oncology literature with the completion of NELSON and other European trials, which support the role of LC screening in achieving early diagnosis and reducing mortality. A growing number of implementation pilots are providing an impetus towards organised, national programmes for LC screening, which are in need of long-term follow-up data such as those presented in this study.

A 78-year-old male presented at the emergency room complaining of dry cough, fever up to 38.5 °C and malaise for 1 month. He had visited a general practitioner and received amoxicillin 500 mg three times a day for 7 days for a presumed chest infection, without improvement. He had a history of diabetes and arterial blood hypertension, for which he was receiving metformin 1000 mg twice a day and amlodipine 10 mg a day for 7 years. He reported no alcohol abuse and was an ex-smoker of 20 pack-years (quit 30 years ago). He had no recent hospitalisations or any medical interventions.

Purpose:

Currently, an optimal therapeutic strategy comprising molecularly targeted agents for treating EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with acquired resistance to osimertinib is not available. Therefore, the initial therapeutic intervention is crucial for the prolonged survival of these patients. The activation of anexelekto (AXL) signaling is known to be associated with intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In this study, we investigated the best therapeutic strategy to combat AXL-induced tolerance to EGFR-TKIs using the novel AXL inhibitor ONO-7475.

Purpose:

Using standard-of-care CT images obtained from patients with a diagnosis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we defined radiomics signatures predicting the sensitivity of tumors to nivolumab, docetaxel, and gefitinib.

Amplification of and oncogenic mutations in ERBB2, the gene encoding the HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase, promote receptor hyperactivation and tumor growth. Here we demonstrate that HER2 ubiquitination and internalization, rather than its overexpression, are key mechanisms underlying endocytosis and consequent efficacy of the anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in lung cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. These data translated into a 51% response rate in a clinical trial of T-DM1 in 49 patients with ERBB2-amplified or -mutant lung cancers. We show that cotreatment with irreversible pan-HER inhibitors enhances receptor ubiquitination and consequent ADC internalization and efficacy. We also demonstrate that ADC switching to T-DXd, which harbors a different cytotoxic payload, achieves durable responses in a patient with lung cancer and corresponding xenograft model developing resistance to T-DM1. Our findings may help guide future clinical trials and expand the field of ADC as cancer therapy.

Summary:

Over the last two decades HER2 aberrations have been thoroughly investigated as potential therapeutic targets in advanced non–small cell lung cancer, with relatively modest results. Two articles published in this issue of Cancer Discovery further expand the knowledge on therapeutic exploitation of HER2 in lung cancer, addressing a large unmet medical need.

See related article by Li et al., p. 674.

See related article by Tsurutani et al., p. 688.

Court documents provide insight into the shambolic and costly planning issues being created by a major housing expansion on the southern outskirts of Sydney.

As cancer research reveals the genetic basis of the disease, pharmaceutical companies are pursuing targeted therapies that address certain groups of patients. One such drug from Novartis won FDA approval Wednesday, making it the first therapy cleared by the agency to treat patients whose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carries a certain genetic mutation. The […]

A Phase 3 study of Sanofi and Regeneron’s Libtayo (cemiplimab) as a monotherapy for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been stopped early after showing strong overall survival benefit, it has emerged.

The FDA has awarded marketing authorisation to Novartis for the Oral MET inhibitor Tabrecta for the first-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in patients whose tumors have a mutation that leads to MET exon 14 skipping (METex14), regardless of whether they have previously received any type of treatment.

A multi-year collaboration between China’s Innovent Biologics and USA-based Eli Lilly is bearing fruit,…

Late Wednesday, the US Food and Drug Administration said it has granted accelerated approved for Tabrecta…

- Libtayo decreased the risk of death by 32.4% compared to chemotherapy

Authors of a new study say dogs may help develop over-the-counter tests capable of life-saving early detection.

2nd Annual Women’s Lung Health Barometer Animated Video

Highlights: Quitting smoking at any age significantly reduces the risk of lung cancer Healthy lung cell

Medication used to treat non-small cell lung cancer that has metastasized, may benefit patients with metastatic brain cancers, according to a new review and analysis led by researchers at St.

A simple urine test can help detect the presence of proteins associated with lung cancer, said MIT researchers. This kind of noninvasive test could reduce

In people who have never smoked, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, stated research published in the journal Thorax.

New study guides clinicians on managing lung cancer screening programs and patients with lung nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the

Rebecca Allison, 69, and Shirley Dolan, 63, were both recipients of a revolutionary blood test - called the EarlyCDT-Lung test - that detected their lung cancer years before symptoms appeared.

A new study led by Wuhan University in China has found that people with blood and lung cancers are three times more likely to die from coronavirus compared patients with other tumors.

Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital studied HIV patients' risk of dying from the disease or from lung cancer. They found people were 10 times more likely to die from lung cancer.

Gary Smart told staff at Northampton General Hospital that he wanted to die a married man after doctors gave the father of six just days to live when they diagnosed his terminal lung cancer.

New York, May 04: A new study in the United States has estimated the number of fatality rate among patients suffering from cancer patients infected with the deadly coronavirus. This study is described as the largest study has found out that

Barker Library - T174.7.N37347 2019

These are the most important oncology stories you need to know about today.
Medscape Medical News

Interview with Daniel Scott. Reuland, MD MPH, author of Evaluating Shared Decision Making for Lung Cancer Screening, and Bruno Heleno, MD, PhD, author of Estimation of Overdiagnosis of Lung Cancer in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening

Interview with David A. Palma, MD, PhD, author of Measuring the Integration of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Plus Surgery for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Clinical Trial

Interview with Melinda C. Aldrich, author of Evaluation of USPSTF Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines Among African American Adult Smokers

Interview with Suzanne L. Topalian, author of Five-Year Survival and Correlates Among Patients With Advanced Melanoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, or Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Nivolumab

Interview with Ganessan Kichenadasse, MBBS, FRACP, author of Association Between Body Mass Index and Overall Survival With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Interview with Pim A. de Jong, MD, PhD, author of Identification of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Lung Cancer Screening Computed Tomographic Scans

Interview with Mark G. Kris, MD, author of Using Multiplexed Assays of Oncogenic Drivers in Lung Cancers to Select Targeted Drugs