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AT#234 - Travel to Ghana

The Amateur Traveler talks to Lillie Marshall of AroundTheWorldL.com about the 3 months she volunteered in Ghana in sub-Saharan West Africa on her round the world trip. She worked for the program Youth Creating Change. Lillie talks about some of the tourist spots in Ghana like the the slavery castle at Cape Coast and Mole National Park. Then she talks about what it is like to live and volunteer in a 3rd world country where the people are wonderful and some of the cultural differences can be striking (don’t ask why she didn’t like the beaches). She extols the wonders of food like fufu and how to buy a $10 hand made dress. She also talks briefly about the capital of Accra that Lonely Planet thinks is their second least favorite city on the planet.

News

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Pushy fliers may show up on TSA’s radar

Show Notes

Around the World L – Lilly Marshall’s blog
Ghana
@WorldLillie – Lilly on twitter
Couchsurfing.com
Youth Creating Change
Cape Coast Slave Castle
Hostels in Ghana
Ahh!!! A White Person!!!
How to Get a Custom-Made Dress for $15
What the Heck is Fufu?
Ghana Student Life Stories Project

Community

Allan disagrees with Ralph in Travel to Montenegro – Episode 232, says “rent a car”
Sean says Travel to Kerala, India – Episode 147 missed catholic history
Kathy and John, Yemen warnings
Amateur Traveler Egypt Photo tour slots available - http://AmateurTraveler.com/tours
iTunes reviews of the Amateur Traveler needed
No Maimi Meetup in June 2010
NYC meetup June 23 2010
save 10% off Globus Tours - http://AmateurTraveler.com/globus

sponsored by Auidble - http://AmateurTraveler.com/freebook




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CBD Communiqué: Ghana Becomes 24th Country to Sign International Treaty on Genetic Resources




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Ghana: Following the Gentle Giant

1 November 2008 , Number 8

Ghana’s President John Kufuor has successfully promoted his country as a haven of political and economic stability, but as he comes to the end of his two terms in office, the cracks are beginning to appear. Can Ghana escape the election traumas that have been so destructive in Kenya and Zimbabwe?

Sola Tayo

Associate Fellow, Africa Programme




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Illegal Logging and Related Trade: The Response in Ghana

29 October 2014

The Ghanaian government has taken a number of important steps to reduce illegal logging and related trade but a number of enforcement and administrative challenges remain, as well as broader governance challenges including corruption.

Alison Hoare

Senior Research Fellow, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme

20141028LoggingGhanaHoare.jpg

Exotic species of hardwood timber harvested from Ghana's rain forests, at a sawmill in Kumasi, in the Ashanti Region in Ghana. Photo by Getty Images.

This paper is part of a broader Chatham House study which assesses the global response to illegal logging and the related trade. 

The Ghanaian government has taken a number of important steps to reduce illegal logging and related trade, most notably with the signing of the Ghana–EU voluntary partnership agreement in 2009. This agreement has prompted improved multi-stakeholder dialogue within the sector as well as a process of legal reform. Considerable effort has also been put into the development of a timber legality assurance system, which has been successfully piloted. However, a number of enforcement and administrative challenges remain, particularly in relation to tenure and land and resource rights, as well as broader governance challenges including corruption.

Awareness of the issue of illegal logging has improved among the private sector, and the area of natural forest that is verified as legally compliant has increased considerably in recent years. However illegal practices remain widespread in the country. Illegal chainsaw milling is prevalent, predominantly supplying the domestic market. Illegality is also an issue in supply chains for export, albeit at a lower level. Trade data discrepancies indicate that illegal trade is a problem, in particular for tropical logs, and there is a lack of clarity over the legality of many logging permits.

A key challenge for the country is its declining resource base. The forest sector has shrunk considerably over the last 15 years as a result of this, and the situation looks set to worsen. Wood-balance estimates indicate that timber consumption considerably exceeds sustainable harvesting levels. 

In order to make further progress in tackling illegal logging, the process of legal reform and efforts to improve enforcement need to continue. Priorities include: a review of fiscal policies for the sector; improvements to land administration; completion of the conversion process of logging rights; and implementation of the legality assurance system across the country. Efforts must also continue to address the challenge of illegal chainsaw milling, which will require a range of approaches from legal reform to developing alternative livelihood strategies. 




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'Feed the Future' grant to support women's empowerment research project in Ghana

A $450,000 grant from the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Peanut Research will aid researchers in Penn State’s College of Agricultural Sciences as they explore the potential to empower women farmers in northern Ghana through peanut production.




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Effect of drug pressure on promoting the emergence of antimalarial resistant parasites among pregnant women in Ghana [Mechanisms of Resistance]

Continuous spread of antimalarial drug resistance is a threat to current chemotherapy efficacy. Therefore, characterizing the genetic diversity of drug resistance markers is needed to follow treatment effectiveness and further update control strategies. Here, we genotyped Plasmodium falciparum resistance gene markers associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in isolates from pregnant women in Ghana. The prevalence of the septuple IRNI-A/FGKGS/T pfdhfr/pfdhps haplotypes including the pfdhps A581G and A613S/T mutations was high at delivery among post-SP treatment isolates (18.2%) compared to those of first-antenatal care (before initiation of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP); 6.1%; p = 0.03). Regarding the pfk13 marker gene, two non-synonymous mutations (N458D and A481C) were detected at positions previously related to artemisinin resistance in isolates from Southeast-Asia. These mutations were predicted in silico to alter the stability of the pfk13 propeller-encoding domain. Overall, these findings highlight the need for intensified monitoring and surveillance on additional mutations associated with increased SP resistance as well as emergence of resistance against artemesinin derivatives.




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Ghana’s Abedi, Nigeria’s Okocha and Liberia’s Weah picked as ultimate role models

The African football legends provided inspiration for many during their playing days ......




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Bilateral ties poised for even bigger take-off: Ruchi Ghanashyam




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Covid-19 could mark a deadly turn in Ghana's fight against fake drugs

With substandard medicines already in wide circulation, fears are growing that coronavirus could create a lethal ‘parallel crisis’

When Joana Opoku-Darko’s daughter Anna was 18 months old, she came down with malaria, a disease common in Ghana and especially deadly for children.

She bought medication from a pharmacy in Ghana’s capital, Accra; when Anna’s fever didn’t subside she took her to a hospital, where they ran some tests.

The current focus on curbing Covid-19 spread means there is less focus on routine market surveillance

Related: Fight the fakes: how to beat the $200bn medicine counterfeiters | Helen Lock

Continue reading...




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Solid fuel use and early child development disparities in Ghana: analyses by gender and urbanicity




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Understanding Ghana’s growth success story and job creation challenges


Ghana attained middle-income status after rebasing its National Accounts, pushing per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the country above $1,000 in 2007. After recovering from economic recession in 1984 on account of the Bretton Woods sponsored economic reform introduced at that time, Ghana’s growth has been remarkably strong, with its lowest economic growth of 3.3 percent recorded in 1994. The country’s growth rate reached its peak of 15 percent in 2011 on the back of the commencement of commercial production of oil, making it one of the fastest growing economies globally during that year. This has translated into increased per capita income, which reached a high of about $1,900 in 2013.

The concern, however, has been the ability of the country to sustain this growth momentum given the level and quality of education and skills, and, more importantly, the failure of this strong growth performance to be translated into the creation of productive and decent jobs, improved incomes and livelihoods. The structure of the economy remains highly informal, with a shift in the country’s national output composition from agriculture to low-value service activities in the informal sector. The commencement of commercial production of oil raised the share of the industrial sector in national output. However, the continuous decline in manufacturing value added undermines Ghana’s economic transformation effort to promote high and secure incomes and improve the livelihoods of the people.

Structural change towards higher value added sectors, and upgrading of technologies in existing sectors, is expected to allow for better conditions of work, better jobs, and higher wages. But the low level and quality of human resources not only diverts the economy from its structural transformation path of development but also makes it difficult for the benefits of growth to be spread through the creation of gainful and productive employment. Thus, productive structural economic transformation hinges on the level and quality of education and labor skills. A highly skilled, innovative and knowledgeable workforce constitutes a key ingredient in the process of structural economic transformation, and as productive sectors apply more complex production technologies and research and development activities increase the demand for education and skills. However, the observed weak human capital base does not provide a strong foundation for structural economic transformation of Ghana.

Ghana’s employment growth lags behind economic growth, with an estimated employment elasticity of output of 0.47, suggesting that every 1 percent of annual economic growth yields 0.47 percent growth of total employment.

There is also widespread concern about the quality of the country’s growth in terms of employment and inequality, as well as general improvement in the livelihood of the people (see Alagidede et al. 2013; Aryeetey et al. 2014; Baah-Boateng 2013). A key indicator for measuring the extent to which macroeconomic growth results in gains in the welfare of the citizenry is the quality of jobs that the economy generates. Ghana’s employment growth lags behind economic growth, with an estimated employment elasticity of output of 0.47 (see Baah-Boateng 2013), suggesting that every 1 percent of annual economic growth yields 0.47 percent growth of total employment. Besides the slow rate of job creation is the dominance of vulnerable employment and the working poverty rate in the labor market. In 2010, 7 out of 10 jobs were estimated to be vulnerable while only 1 out of 5 jobs could be considered as productive jobs that meet the standard of decent work (Baah-Boateng and Ewusi 2013). Workers in vulnerable employment tend to lack formal work arrangements as well as elements associated with decent employment such as adequate social security and recourse to effective social dialogue mechanisms (Sparreboom and Baah-Boateng 2011). The working poverty rate remains a challenge with one out of every five persons employed belonging to poor households.

The article seeks to provide an analytical assessment of Ghana’s economic growth as one of Africa’s growth giants over a period of more than two decades and the implication for labour market and livelihood outcomes. Growth of labor productivity at the national and sectoral level is examined, as well as the sectoral contribution to aggregate productivity growth. The article also analyses the effect of growth on employment and the employment-poverty linkage in terms of elasticity within the growth-employment-poverty nexus in Ghana. It also delves into a discussion of the constraints on growth and productive employment from both demand and supply perspectives, and identifies skills gaps and the opportunities offered in the country, which has experienced strong growth performance. The article has five sections, with an overview of Ghana’s economic growth performance in Section 2, after this introductory section. This is followed by an overview of the developments in the labor market, specifically in the area of employment, unemployment, poverty, and inequality in Ghana in Section 3. The growth-employment-poverty linkage analysis is carried out in Section 4 followed by a discussion of constraints to growth and employment generation in Section 5. Section 6 provides a summary and conclusion, with some policy suggestions for the future.

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Authors

  • Ernest Aryeetey
  • William Baah-Boaten
     
 
 




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African Lions: Ghana’s job creation successes and obstacles


Over the past two decades, Ghana’s economy experienced an average annual growth rate of 5.8 percent, and became a low-middle income country in 2007. Though Ghana’s average annual employment growth between 1993 and 2013 has been higher than sub-Saharan Africa’s—3.7 percent versus 3.0 percent—its overall employment growth has not kept up with its economic growth. Notably, Ghana’s impressive economic growth has largely stemmed from crude oil exports, mining, and financial intermediation—all sectors and subsectors in which labor absorption is low. Given these trends, Ghana’s ability to transform its growth gains into better livelihoods for its citizens is being challenged.

In their paper, Understanding Ghana’s growth success story and job creation challenges, Ernest Aryeetey and William Baah-Boateng examine the sustainability of the high growth Ghana has experienced over the last two decades and advise Ghanaian policymakers to rethink their growth strategy.

For a more in-depth look at these and related topics, such as labor productivity, you can read the full paper here.

Ghana’s labor trends

Like in many other sub-Saharan African countries, the agriculture sector is the largest employer in Ghana, though its employment share is decreasing from 61.1 percent in 1984 to 44.7 percent in 2013. In addition, while industry’s employment share has slightly grown from 13.7 percent to 14.6 percent over the same period (and the manufacturing subsector has decreased from 10.9 percent to 9.1 percent), services has grown from 25 percent to 40.9 percent—leading to what the authors refer as a “missing middle.”

As noted above, the authors emphasize that the sectors that have been driving Ghana’s growth are not labor-intensive, namely mining, oil extraction, and finance. While labor has been moving from agriculture to services, the authors note that the trend “may not reflect a structural and productive transformation,” largely because the jobs created in the services sector are mostly informal and have low productivity. Indeed, services sector maintained the lowest annual average growth of labor productivity between 1992 and 2013. As part of these shifts, informal employment—which represented 88 percent of Ghanaian employment in 2013—grew by 3.7 percent on average while formal employment grew by only 2.6 percent during this period.

Unemployment in Ghana remains low, at 5.2 percent, though has experienced significant swings from 2.8 percent in 1984 to 10.4 percent in 2000 to 3.1 percent in 2006. The authors note, though, that these numbers might be deceptive due to the high numbers of informal, vulnerable, and “discouraged workers” (those who are jobless and available for work but fail to make the effort to seek work for various reasons) in Ghana. In fact, they state that, in 2006, after accounting for discouraged workers the unemployment rate more than doubled from 3.1 percent to 6.5 percent.

Vulnerable employment and the working poor

Despite Ghana’s relatively low unemployment rate, many laborers still live in poverty: According to the authors, 22 percent of working people are poor. Many others work in “vulnerable employment”—which the authors define as “a measure of people employed under relatively precarious circumstances indicated by their status in employment. It consists of own account and contributing family work that are less likely to have formal work arrangements, access to benefit or social protection programs, and are more ‘at risk’ to economic cycles (ILO 2009).” This definition is opposed to “productive employment,” or “paid employment and self-employed with employees.” Vulnerable workers are usually found in the informal sector and tend to have lower earnings—a situation exacerbating the ever-widening earnings gap and growing income inequality.

According to the authors, working poverty is closely linked with vulnerable employment, for which seven of 10 jobs in Ghana qualify (Table 1).  Some policies, which could combat working poverty, have been somewhat ineffective in reducing poverty: For example, Ghana has been consistent in raising its minimum wage, keeping it largely above the rate of inflation, but this policy tends to only affect those in the formal sector, leaving out workers in the informal sector. This trend has also increased Ghana’s inequality: The Gini coefficient increased from 35.4 percent in 1987/88 to 42.3 percent in 2013.

Table 1: Quantity and quality of employment (percent of employed)

Economic sector

 1984  1992  1999 2000   2006 2010  2013 
Employment-to-population (ratio, SSA)  —  64.3  64.1  64.1  64.9  65.2  65.5
Employment-to-population (ratio, Ghana)  80.2  72.9  73.9  66.9  67.7  67.4  75.4
               
Economic sector              
Agriculture  61.1  62.2  55.0  53.1  54.9  41.6  44.7
Industry  13.7  10.0  14.0  15.5  14.2  15.4  14.6
Manufacturing (part of industry)  10.9  8.2  11.7  10.7  11.4  10.7  9.1
Service   25.2  27.8  31.0  31.5  30.9  43.0  40.9
               
Institutional sector              
Public   10.2  8.4  6.2  7.2  5.7  6.4  5.9
Private   6.0  6.1  7.5  8.9  7.0  7.4  6.1
Informal   83.8  85.5  86.1  83.9  87.3  86.2 88.0 
               
Type of employment               
Paid employees   16.2  16.8  13.8  16.0  17.5  18.2  22.5
Self-employment   69.6  81.3  68.7  73.4  59.5  60.8  52.6
Contributing family worker   12.5  1.9  17.2  6.8  20.4  11.6  22.3
Other   1.7   —  0.3  3.8  2.6  9.4  2.6
               
Quality of employment               
Gainful/productive employment*   20.9   —   —  21.2  22.0  23.1  28.7
Vulnerable employment**   77.4  82.5  80.8  74.9  75.4  67.5  68.7
Working poverty    —  48.7  35.4   —  25.6   —  22.3

Notes: * Gainful/productive employment comprises paid employment and self-employed with employees.

** Vulnerable employment comprises own account and contribution family work.

Source: Computed from Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) 3, 4, 5, and 6; Population Census 1984, 2000, and 2010.

Overall, though, Ghana has made great strides. Vulnerable employment has been declining, and productive employment has risen, gains the author attributes to the drop in working poverty—down from 48.7 percent in 1992 to 22.3 percent two decades later (Table 1). However, they also hint that these improvements could have been even larger had job growth been concentrated in paid employment and self-employed with employees.

The skills gap

In their paper, the authors posit that job creation has occurred in less productive sectors due to a lack of skills and education in the workforce—and skill-intensive jobs/vacancies are instead getting filled by foreign laborers. While the proportion of the labor force with no formal education has significantly fallen from 44.1 percent in 1992 to 25.6 percent in 2013, post-primary education rates have barely risen—from 5.7 percent to 12.1 percent during that same period for secondary, vocational, and technical education. Tertiary is even less—from 2 percent to 5.4 percent. Ghanaian universities have not been training engineers, scientists, and technical workers that could increase the productivity and grow the industrial sector. A shortage of technical and vocational skills also limits this sector. Thus, the authors note, employers are forced to look outside of the country to find the workers with the skills required to do the job. The authors emphasize:

[P]roductive structural economic transformation hinges on the level and quality of education and labour skills. A highly skilled, innovative, and knowledgeable workforce constitutes a key ingredient in the process of structural economic transformation, and as productive sectors apply more complex production technologies and research and development activities increase the demand for education and skills. However, the observed weak human capital base does not provide a strong foundation for structural economic transformation of Ghana.

At the same time, the more educated in Ghana also tend to be more likely to be unemployed due to limited job creation for them in the formal sector. In 2013, the unemployment rates for those with secondary education and above (including tertiary) was over 6 percent. The unemployment rate for those with basic education or less was under 3.3 percent. The authors suggest that this trend is due to the fact that those with less education are more likely to take an informal job, while more educated laborers struggle to find jobs in the small formal sector.

Recommendations

Though Ghana has outperformed many of its sub-Saharan neighbors in terms of job creation and growth, its challenges with declining manufacturing, high informal employment, and low education attainment endanger its momentum. To tackle these obstacles, the authors recommend:

  1. Adjust the priorities of the growth strategy to promote manufacturing, and reconsider the goal of economic growth for growth’s sake by acknowledging that sustainable growth must be coupled with generation of productive and high-earning jobs for all.
  2. Create a manufacturing and business-friendly environment by addressing the country’s high interest rates, high taxes, and chronic energy problems, among others.
  3. Enact policies to enhance the high-productivity, high-labor-absorbing agricultural sector, such as improving agricultural extension, develop irrigation plans, among others.
  4. Develop policies to increase the number of secondary school graduates as well as students studying science, technology, engineering, and math.

For further discussion and recommendations, read the full paper here.

Note: The African Lions project is a collaboration among United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), the University of Cape Town’s Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU), and the Brookings Africa Growth Initiative, that provides an analytical basis for policy recommendations and value-added guidance to domestic policymakers in the fast-growing economies of Africa, as well as for the broader global community interested in the development of the region. The six papers, covering Mozambique, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, explore the key constraints facing African economies as they attempt to maintain a long-run economic growth and development trajectory.

Authors

  • Christina Golubski
     
 
 




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Africa’s mixed political transitions in the 3 Gs: Gabon, the Gambia, and Ghana

Editor's note: For more on African political transitions, see our interactive African Leadership Transitions Tracker, which presents changes at the head of state level in every African country from independence or end of the colonial period to the present. Africa has gone through a number of leadership transitions in 2016 and with each one the…

      
 
 




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Merry-go-round turns play into clean power for students in Ghana

A piece of classic playground equipment gets a clean tech makeover.




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Coronavirus: Ghana's dancing pallbearers become Covid-19 meme

Social media users have adopted the troupe as a dark-humoured symbol of death in the time of Covid-19.




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Colombia 0-1 Ghana (India 2017)

Watch highlights of the Group A match between Colombia and Ghana at the FIFA U-17 World Cup India 2017.






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Ghana 2-0 Niger (India 2017)

Watch highlights of the Round of 16 match between Ghana and Niger at the FIFA U-17 World Cup.




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Mali 2-1 Ghana (India 2017)

Watch highlights of the Quarter-Finals match between Mali and Ghana at the FIFA U-17 World Cup.





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GhanaNewsAgency.org: Six districts to benefit from GIZ project

Wa, (UWR), Feb. 06, GNA – The German Development Cooperation (GIZ) has earmarked 18 communities in six districts in the Savanna Ecological Zone (SEZ) to pilot the Resilience Against Climate Change (REACH) project.




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Business Ghana: IWMI project enables fast access to petabytes of analysis-ready water data in Africa

A new International Water Management Institute (IWMI) partnership with Digital Earth Africa (DEA [1]) will leverage state of the art remote-sensing and data management technologies to enhance the ability of African Governments, communities and companies to better manage their water.




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Business Ghana: IWMI project enables fast access to petabytes of analysis-ready water data in Africa

A new International Water Management Institute (IWMI) partnership with Digital Earth Africa (DEA [1]) will leverage state of the art remote-sensing and data management technologies to enhance the ability of African Governments, communities and companies to better manage their water.




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Tax: Ghana Signs Tax Cooperation Agreement

Ghana has signed the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, a multilateral agreement developed jointly by the Council of Europe and the OECD. Ghana is the second African country, after South Africa, to sign the Convention since it was opened for signature to all countries in June 2011.




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Ghana IP Addresses

IP Addresses in Ghana decreased to 124915 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 191869 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Ghana averaged 88467.67 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 362730 IP in the third quarter of 2015 and a record low of 14376 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for GhanaIP Addresses.




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Ghana Average Temperature

Temperature in Ghana decreased to 26.65 celsius in December from 28.10 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Ghana averaged 26.73 celsius from 1849 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 30.73 celsius in March of 2010 and a record low of 22.69 celsius in August of 1890. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ghana Average Temperature.




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Ghana Average Precipitation

Precipitation in Ghana decreased to 0.74 mm in December from 39.85 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Ghana averaged 99.83 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 289.66 mm in September of 1917 and a record low of 0.01 mm in January of 1983. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ghana Average Precipitation.




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Ghana Wages High Skilled

Wages High Skilled in Ghana decreased to 2030 GHS/Month in 2018 from 2110 GHS/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Ghana averaged 1842.50 GHS/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 2110 GHS/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1440 GHS/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.




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Ghana Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Ghana increased to 211 USD Million in 2018 from 189 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Ghana averaged 82.49 USD Million from 1958 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 278 USD Million in 2012 and a record low of 9.40 USD Million in 1983.




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Ease of Doing Business in Ghana

Ghana is ranked 118 among 190 economies in the ease of doing business, according to the latest World Bank annual ratings. The rank of Ghana deteriorated to 118 in 2019 from 114 in 2018. Ease of Doing Business in Ghana averaged 92.83 from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 120 in 2017 and a record low of 60 in 2010. The Ease of doing business index ranks countries against each other based on how the regulatory environment is conducive to business operationstronger protections of property rights. Economies with a high rank (1 to 20) have simpler and more friendly regulations for businesses. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ease of Doing Business in Ghana.




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Ghana Corruption Index

Ghana scored 41 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Ghana averaged 38.95 Points from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 48 Points in 2014 and a record low of 33 Points in 1999. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Ghana Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Ghana Corruption Rank

Ghana is the 80 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Ghana averaged 65.41 from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 81 in 2017 and a record low of 50 in 2002. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ghana Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Ghana Corporate Tax Rate

The Corporate Tax Rate in Ghana stands at 25 percent. Corporate Tax Rate in Ghana averaged 25.74 percent from 2004 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 32.50 percent in 2004 and a record low of 25 percent in 2006. In Ghana, the Corporate Income tax rate is a tax collected from companies. Its amount is based on the net income companies obtain while exercising their business activity, normally during one business year. The benchmark we use refers to the highest rate for Corporate Income. Revenues from the Corporate Tax Rate are an important source of income for the government of Ghana. This page provides - Ghana Corporate Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Unemployment Rate

Unemployment Rate in Ghana increased to 6.70 percent in 2018 from 6.60 percent in 2017. Unemployment Rate in Ghana averaged 6.58 percent from 1991 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 10.40 percent in 2000 and a record low of 4.60 percent in 1991. In Ghana, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Ghana Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Current Account

Ghana recorded a Current Account deficit of 1711.60 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019. Current Account in Ghana averaged -624.81 USD Million from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 327.96 USD Million in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of -2184.01 USD Million in the third quarter of 2013. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). This page provides - Ghana Current Account - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Cpi Housing Utilities

Cpi Housing Utilities in Ghana increased to 116.50 points in February from 116.22 points in January of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Ghana averaged 220.47 points from 2012 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 351.40 points in July of 2019 and a record low of 94.76 points in February of 2012. This page provides - Ghana Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Cpi Transportation

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Ghana decreased to 118.29 points in February of 2020 from 118.33 points in January of 2020. Cpi Transportation in Ghana averaged 215.62 points from 2012 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 383.60 points in July of 2019 and a record low of 98.06 points in January of 2012. This page provides - Ghana Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Balance of Trade

Ghana recorded a trade surplus of 487.80 USD Million in February of 2020. Balance of Trade in Ghana averaged -160.43 USD Million from 2004 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 487.80 USD Million in February of 2020 and a record low of -733.10 USD Million in October of 2013. Ghana's main exports are gold, cocoa beans and timber products. Others include tuna, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds and horticulture. It's main exports partners are Netherlands, Burkina Faso, South Africa and United Kingdom. Ghana imports mostly industrial supplies, capital and consumer goods and foodstuffs. It's main imports partners are China, United States, Belgium, United Kingdom and France. This page provides - Ghana Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Interest Rate

The benchmark interest rate in Ghana was last recorded at 14.50 percent. Interest Rate in Ghana averaged 17.90 percent from 2002 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 27.50 percent in March of 2003 and a record low of 12.50 percent in December of 2006. In Ghana, interest rates decisions are taken by the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of Ghana. The official interest rate is the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR). This page provides - Ghana Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Government Budget

Ghana recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 3.80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Budget in Ghana averaged -7.68 percent of GDP from 2004 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.40 percent of GDP in 2004 and a record low of -24.20 percent of GDP in 2008. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Ghana Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Crude Oil Production

Crude Oil Production in Ghana remained unchanged at 214 BBL/D/1K in December from 214 BBL/D/1K in November of 2019. Crude Oil Production in Ghana averaged 45.47 BBL/D/1K from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 218 BBL/D/1K in June of 2019 and a record low of 1.40 BBL/D/1K in February of 1994. This page provides - Ghana Crude Oil Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Consumer Price Index CPI in Ghana increased to 113 points in March from 112.10 points in February of 2020. Consumer Price Index CPI in Ghana averaged 41.05 points from 1997 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 113 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 4.47 points in October of 1997. In Ghana, the Consumer Price Index or CPI measures changes in the prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services. This page provides - Ghana Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana GDP From Transport

GDP From Transport in Ghana increased to 2064.61 GHS Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 2036 GHS Million in the third quarter of 2019. GDP From Transport in Ghana averaged 2160.25 GHS Million from 2006 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 3653 GHS Million in the fourth quarter of 2012 and a record low of 1471.80 GHS Million in the fourth quarter of 2014. This page provides - Ghana Gdp From Transport- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Banks Balance Sheet

Banks Balance Sheet in Ghana decreased to 129697.53 GHS Million in January from 129697.91 GHS Million in December of 2019. Banks Balance Sheet in Ghana averaged 42231.65 GHS Million from 2002 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 129697.91 GHS Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1923.60 GHS Million in December of 2002. This page provides -Ghana Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Imports

Imports in Ghana decreased to 887.50 USD Million in February from 1088.03 USD Million in January of 2020. Imports in Ghana averaged 960.35 USD Million from 2004 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1707 USD Million in October of 2013 and a record low of 65.23 USD Million in October of 2004. Ghana imports mostly industrial supplies, capital and consumer goods and foodstuffs. It's main imports partners are China, United States, Belgium, United Kingdom and France. This page provides - Ghana Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Ghana Government Budget Value

Ghana recorded a government budget deficit of 3582.69 GHS Million in September of 2019. Government Budget Value in Ghana averaged -974.15 GHS Million from 2012 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 2060.06 GHS Million in January of 2013 and a record low of -3582.69 GHS Million in September of 2019. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ghana Government Budget Value - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Ghana Producer Prices Change

Producer Prices in Ghana increased 6.80 percent in March of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Producer Prices Change in Ghana averaged 14.43 percent from 2009 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 48.56 percent in August of 2014 and a record low of 2 percent in July of 2017. Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ghana Producer Prices Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Ghana - Credit Rating

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Ghana stands at B with negative outlook. Moody's credit rating for Ghana was last set at B3 with negative outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Ghana was last reported at B with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Ghana thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Ghana as reported by major credit rating agencies.




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Ghana Coronavirus Cases

Ghana recorded 4012 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Ghana reported 18 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ghana Coronavirus Cases.