When forming sophisticated semiconductor-based gate electrode structures of transistors, the pre-doping of one type of gate electrode structure may be accomplished after the actual patterning of the electrode material by using an appropriate mask or fill material for covering the active regions and using a lithography mask. In this manner, a high degree of flexibility is provided with respect to selecting an appropriate patterning regime, while at the same time a uniform and superior cross-sectional shape for any type of gate electrode structure is obtained.

Bournemouth have been fined £35,000 after accepting a charge from the Football Association for a breach of anti-doping rules.

Athletes completing doping bans over the next year will be eligible to compete in the postponed Tokyo Olympics, an unintended effect of the coronavirus pandemic that has some crying foul.

Spiegel has a piece Inside the Desperate Battle against Sports Doping. Lots of athletes get away with it. Pretty unfair for the ones who do not cheat. I've made this argument many times: anti-doping efforts are a losing cause. Doping techniques will become harder to detect. They will also become more powerful. But there is hope of a sort on the horizon: In 10 years time we have orders of magnitude more understanding of how genetic variants cause differences in human performance. This is inevitable due to the plunging costs of DNA sequencing. As a result it will become possible to measure a person's genetic potential to perform in various sports. Test the genetic potential. Then report for each athlete...

Three-time Olympic champion Sun Yang has lodged an appeal an appeal to the Swiss federal court in an attempt to overturn his eight-year doping ban.

How do the athletes handle such sanctions?

Track and field world champion Justin Gatlin is facing a new doping probe after his trainer and agent allegedly offered to provide performance enhancing drugs to undercover reporters.

American sprinting legend Justin Gatlin fired longtime coach Dennis Mitchell after the reigning 100m world champion was implicated in a doping scandal. Gatlin steadfastly denies doping.

Ex-Liverpool star Sakho, 29, was suspended from football in 2016 after testing positive for a fat-burning substance. But it later emerged that the substance was not on the banned list.

More than two dozen people, including the trainer of champion Maximum Security, have been charged in a widespread international scheme to drug horses to make them race faster.

Reddit founder Alexis Ohanian nwas accused of making a thinly-veiled dig at Maria Sharapova after eagle-eyed Twitter users spotted him wearing an anti drug t-shirt in the stands of the US Open.

Uzbekistan's most decorated Olympian Artur Taymazov has become the 60th athlete and eight gold medallist to be disqualified from London 2012 following analysis of doping samples.

Dillian Whyte underwent a hearing in front of a doping panel just hours before his clash with Oscar Rivas, Sportsmail can reveal. He went on to beat Rivas on points at The O2 in London on Saturday.

Wilder, the WBC heavyweight champion of the world, does not buy any notion that boxers accidentally take the wrong substances.

Australian swimmer Shayna Jack reportedly failed a doping test ahead of the World Championships.

Brisbane based freestyler Jack on Sunday night confirmed she was the latest athlete to be caught up in a doping scandal, having tested positive to Ligandrol during a routine drug test.

Australian swimmer Mack Horton said Shayna Jack's positive test hadn't changed his position on doping, saying he supported the decision to have her withdraw from the competition.

Mack Horton looked less than impressed when a reporter asked him about his teammate Shayna Jack, who has been caught up in a doping scandal on Sunday.

The sporting authority released a statement on Monday to address its general investigative processes - after it came under heavy fire for not revealing the results.

Australian swimmer Shayna Jack, 20, could escape severe punishment for a failed doping test by using a loophole that saw a Japanese swimmer's ban cut in half.

Former Australian swimmer Giaan Rooney believes Shayna Jack accidentally ingested Ligandrol ahead of the FINA World Championships in South Korea.

Australian star Mack Horton believes swimming's doping system has 'gone wrong' and it's now up to the athletes to stand up for a clean sport, as he did when refusing to share the podium with Sun

The AIU have stated their support for a change to the key rule in the saga, which saw one of Coleman's three 'whereabouts' breaches in a 12-month period backdated by two months.

American sprinter Christian Coleman has accused the United States Anti-Doping Agency of "going after a big fish" and demanded a "public apology" after a case against him was dropped.

EXCLUSIVE BY MATT HUGHES: Athletics' chiefs want to tighten the sport's drug-testing regime after the world's fastest man Christian Coleman escaped doping sanctions earlier this month.

RIATH AL-SAMARRAI IN DOHA: Christian Coleman is on course for 100 metre glory at the World Athletics Championships but his doping violations mean he can't replace Usain Bolt as the face of the sport.

RIATH AL-SAMARRAI: The explosive development follows a four-year investigation by the US Anti-Doping Agency into the work done by the coach, who runs the Nike Oregon Project.

The ruling spoke of Salazar using his two sons as guinea pigs in June 2009 as a means of establishing how much testosterone gel could be applied before breaching the legal limits.

The world of athletics was rocked on Tuesday when the coach who led Sir Mo Farah to his Olympic gold medals was banished from the sport in disgrace for doping violations.

The head of the US Anti-Doping Agency, Travis Tygart, who led the conviction of Alberto Salazar for doping offences has hit back at Paula Radcliffe.

Dillian Whyte could be back in the ring before the New Year and is still optimistic about beating his doping charge.  The investigation into his failed test is still ongoing.

RIATH AL-SAMARRAI IN CHICAGO: Sir Mo Farah is still running... running away from any notion that he might have played it differently, and quickly towards the idea that it's all been media conspiracy.

Slovenian cyclist Janez Brajkovic, 35, posted the pictures of his incredibly lean legs after returning to the track following a ten-month doping ban for testing positive for methylhexaneamine.

RIATH AL-SAMARRAI IN CHICAGO: Alberto Salazar insists he did not mislead Sir Mo Farah over the doping scandal that has brought their relationship back into the spotlight.

Shane Sutton sensationally stormed out of the Richard Freeman medical tribunal on Tuesday after branding the former Team Sky and British Cycling medic a 'spineless liar'.

The prospect of Russian track and field athletes taking part in the Tokyo Olympics are looking slimmer after the president of the country's athletics federation was charged on Thursday.

Russia's reinstatement process has been suspended by the World Athletics Council following fresh anti-doping charges against senior officials. The RusAF has been banned since 2015.

It follows an investigation into the data handed over by the Moscow laboratory in January as part of the reintegration process of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency following the state-sponsored doping scandal.

Dillian Whyte has been officially cleared by UK Anti-Doping following a lengthy investigation into a positive test in the build-up to his points win against Oscar Rivas in the summer.

Richard Freeman's barrister has claimed a current British Cycling coach used a Coke can containing urine to try to help Shane Sutton cover up a doping offence during his riding career.

The 21-year-old tested positive for Ligandrol during an out-of-competition test in Cairns in July and appeared on The Sunday Project to proclaim her innocence.

A doctor who worked for Manchester City and Bury has been charged by the FA with breaching anti-doping rules. Dr Andrew Johnson is alleged to have provided 'fraudulent information'.

He was charged by the FA in October with providing fraudulent information regarding an application for a therapeutic use exemption (TUE) for a Bury player on December 1, 2018.

ROB DRAPER AND PETER ALLEN IN PARIS: A criminal trial will start on Monday with some huge names on the International Olympic Committee sweating to see if they are named in court.

World doubles No.1 tennis player Robert Farah, 32, has pulled out of the Australian Open after testing positive to steroids.

Russia have hit out at UK Anti-Doping for constructing a 'wall of distrust' by refusing to hand over Mo Farah's blood and urine samples to the World Anti-Doping Agency. 

Mo Farah has insisted he was left stunned by Alberto Salazar's ban for doping and had a tough time separating from the coach who guided him to four Olympic titles.

EXCLUSIVE BY MATT HUGHES: Russia has asked the Court of Arbitration for Sport for more time to prepare an appeal against their four-year ban from international sport.

Chinese swimmer Sun Yang has been banned for eight years. The Court of Arbitration for Sport found the three-time Olympic champion guilty of refusing to cooperate with sample collectors.