cobalt

N–N atropisomer synthesis via electrolyte- and base-free electrochemical cobalt-catalysed C–H annulation

Green Chem., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04390A, Communication
Jiating Cai, Linzai Li, Chuitian Wang, Shi Qin, Yuanyuan Li, Si-Yan Liao, Shengdong Wang, Hui Gao, Zhi Zhou, Yugang Huang, Wei Yi, Zhongyi Zeng
An exogenous electrolyte- and base-free electrochemical cobalt-catalysed atroposelective C–H annulation has been established to construct N–N axially chiral isoquinolinones in excellent enantioselectivities and good yields.
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cobalt

Active Hydrogen Tuning by Copper-Cobalt Bimetal Catalysts for Boosting Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Simulated Waster Water

Green Chem., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC04120H, Paper
Chunqi Yang, Chang Liu, Jingwen Zhuang, Ziyan Yang, Aiping Chen, Yuhang Li, Chunzhong Li
Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) represents a promising approach to balance the nitrogen cycle, converting environmental pollutant NO3− to valuable ammonia (NH3). However, the whole reaction involves complex protons-coupled electron...
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cobalt

Bis[benzyl 2-(heptan-4-yl­idene)hydrazine-1-carboxyl­ate]bis­(thio­cyanato)­cobalt(II)

The title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C15H22N2O2)2] or C32H44CoN6O4S2, was prepared from cobalt(II) nitrate, benzyl carbazate and ammonium thio­cyanate in the presence of 4-hepta­none. The compound crystallizes with two centrosymmetric complexes in which the cobalt(II) atoms have a trans-CoO2N4 octa­hedral coordination geometry. In the crystal, N—H⋯S, C—H⋯S and C—H⋯.π contacts stack the complex mol­ecules along the b-axis direction.




cobalt

Crystal structure of a salt with a protonated sugar cation and a cobalt(II) complex anion: (GlcN–H, K)[Co(NCS)4]·2H2O

The title compound, d-(+)-glucosa­mmonium potassium tetra­thio­cyanato­cobaltate(II) dihydrate, K(C6H14NO5)[Co(NCS)4]·2H2O or (GlcNH)(K)[Co(NCS)4]·2H2O, has been obtained as a side product of an incomplete salt metathesis reaction of d-(+)-glucosa­mine hydro­chloride (GlcN·HCl) and K2[Co(NCS)4]. The asymmetric unit contains a d-(+)-glucos­ammonium cation, a potassium cation, a tetra­iso­thio­cyanato­cobalt(II) complex anion and two water mol­ecules. The water mol­ecules coordinate to the potassium cation, which is further coordinated via three short K+⋯SCN− contacts involving three [Co(NCS)4]2− complex anions and via three O atoms of two d-(+)-glucosa­mmonium cations, leading to an overall eightfold coordination around the potassium cation. Hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between the building blocks consolidate the three-dimensional arrangement.




cobalt

Bis(1-dodecyl-4-aza-1-azoniabi­cyclo­[2.2.2]octane)tetra­iso­thio­cyanato­cobalt(II)

The title compound, [Co(C18H37N2)2(NCS)4], consists of a cobalt(II) ion positioned on the origin of the triclinic unit cell. It is coordinated by the N atoms of two trans-oriented 1-dodecyl-4-aza-1-azoniabi­cyclo­[2.2.2]octane (DABCO+) cations, which carry n-dodecyl chains at the non-coordinating N atoms. The distorted octa­hedral coordination environment of the CoII ion is completed through four N atoms of iso­thio­cyanate ions, which are arranged within the equatorial plane. Non-classical hydrogen bonding of the types C—H⋯N and C—H⋯S between the filamentous mol­ecules lead to the formation of layers parallel to (001).




cobalt

A molybdenum tris­(di­thiol­ene) complex coordinates to three bound cobalt centers in three different ways

The synthesis and structural characterization of the mol­ecular compound (μ3-benzene-1,2-di­thiol­ato)hexa­carbonyl­bis­(μ3-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene-2,3-dithiolato)tricobaltmolybdenum, [Co3Mo(C4F6S2)2(C6H4S2)(CO)6] or Mo(tfd)2(bdt)(Co(CO)2)3 (tfd is 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene-2,3-dithiolate and bdt is benzene-1,2-di­thiol­ate), are reported. The structure of the mol­ecule contains the molybdenum tris­(di­thiol­ene) complex Mo(tfd)2(bdt) coordinated as a multidentate ligand to three cobalt dicarbonyl units. Each of the three cobalt centers is relatively close to molybdenum, with Co⋯Mo distances of 2.7224 (7), 2.8058 (7), and 2.6320 (6) Å. Additionally, each of the cobalt centers is bound via main-group donor atoms, but each one in a different way: the first cobalt atom is coordinated by two sulfur atoms from different di­thiol­enes (bdt and tfd). The second cobalt atom is coordinated by one sulfur from one tfd and two olefinic carbons from another tfd. The third cobalt is coordinated by one sulfur from bdt and two sulfurs from tfd. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first structurally characterized example of a molybdenum (tris­)di­thiol­ene complex that coordinates to cobalt. The F atoms of two of the –CF3 groups were refined as disordered over two sets of sites with ratios of refined occupancies of 0.703 (7):0.297 (7) and 0.72 (2):0.28 (2).




cobalt

The varied structures of cobalt(II)–pyridine (py)–sulfate: [Co(SO4)(py)4]n, [Co2(SO4)2(py)6]n, and [Co3(SO4)3(py)11]n

The solid-state structures of two cobalt–pyridine–sulfate compounds, namely catena-poly[[tetra­kis­(pyridine-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-sulfato-κ2O:O'], [Co(SO4)(C5H5N)4]n, (1), and catena-poly[[tetra­kis­(pyridine-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-sulfato-κ3O:O',O''-[bis­(pyridine-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-sulfato-κ3O,O':O'']n, [Co2(SO4)2(C5H5N)6]n, (2), are reported. Compound (1) displays a polymeric structure, with infinite chains of CoII cations adopting octa­hedral N4O2 coordination environments that involve four pyridine ligands and two bridging sulfate ions. Compound (2) is also polymeric with infinite chains of CoII cations. The first Co center has an octa­hedral N4O2 coordination environment that involves four pyridine ligands and two bridging sulfate ligands. The second Co center has an octa­hedral N2O4 coordination environment that involves two pyridine ligands and two bridging sulfate ions that chelate the Co atom. The structure of (2) was refined as a two-component inversion twin.




cobalt

Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study of bis­(2-{[(2,6-di­chloro­benzyl­idene)hydrazinyl­idene]meth­yl}phenolato)cobalt(II) and of the copper(II) analogue

The title homoleptic Schiff base complexes, [M(C14H9Cl2N2O)2], for M = CoII, (I), and CuII, (II), present distinct coordination geometries despite the Schiff base dianion coordinating via the phenolato-O and imine-N atoms in each case. For (I), the coordination geometry is based on a trigonal bipyramid whereas for (II), a square-planar geometry is found (Cu site symmetry overline{1}). In the crystal of (I), discernible supra­molecular layers in the ac plane are sustained by chloro­benzene-C—H⋯O(coordinated), chloro­benzene-C—H⋯π(fused-benzene ring) as well as π(fused-benzene, chloro­benzene)–π(chloro­benzene) inter­actions [inter-centroid separations = 3.6460 (17) and 3.6580 (16) Å, respectively]. The layers inter-digitate along the b-axis direction and are linked by di­chloro­benzene-C—H⋯π(fused-benzene ring) and π–π inter­actions between fused-benzene rings and between chloro­benzene rings [inter-centroid separations = 3.6916 (16) and 3.7968 (19) Å, respectively] . Flat, supra­molecular layers are also found in the crystal of (II), being stabilized by π–π inter­actions formed between fused-benzene rings and between chloro­benzene rings [inter-centroid separations = 3.8889 (15) and 3.8889 (15) Å, respectively]; these stack parallel to [10overline{1}] without directional inter­actions between them. The analysis of the respective calculated Hirshfeld surfaces indicate diminished roles for H⋯H contacts [26.2% (I) and 30.5% (II)] owing to significant contributions by Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl contacts [25.8% (I) and 24.9% (II)]. Minor contributions by Cl⋯Cl [2.2%] and Cu⋯Cl [1.9%] contacts are indicated in the crystals of (I) and (II), respectively. The inter­action energies largely arise from dispersion terms; the aforementioned Cu⋯Cl contact in (II) gives rise to the most stabilizing inter­action in the crystal of (II).




cobalt

Crystal structure and photoluminescent properties of bis­(4'-chloro-2,2':6',2''-terpyrid­yl)cobalt(II) dichloride tetra­hydrate

In the title hydrated complex, [Co(C15H10ClN3)2]Cl2·4H2O, the complete dication is generated by overline{4} symmetry. The CoN6 moiety shows distortion from regular octa­hedral geometry with the trans bond angles of two N—Co—N units being 160.62 (9)°. In the crystal, O—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯O inter­actions link the components into (001) sheets. The title compound exhibits blue-light emission, as indicated by photoluminescence data, and a HOMO–LUMO energy separation of 2.23 eV was obtained from its diffuse reflectance spectrum.




cobalt

A five-coordinate cobalt bis­(di­thiol­ene)–phosphine complex [Co(pdt)2(PTA)] (pdt = phenyl­dithiol­ene; PTA = 1,3,5-tri­aza-7-phosphaadamantane)

The title compound, bis­(1,2-diphenyl-2-sulfanyl­idene­ethane­thiol­ato-κ2S,S')(1,3,5-tri­aza-7-phosphaadamantane-κP)cobalt(II) dichloromethane hemisolvate, [Co(pdt)2(PTA)]·0.5C2H4Cl2 or [Co(C14H10S2)2(C6H12N3P)]·0.5C2H4Cl2, contains two phenyl­dithiol­ene (pdt) ligands and a 1,3,5-tri­aza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) ligand bound to cobalt with the solvent 1,2-di­chloro­ethane mol­ecule located on an inversion center. The cobalt core exhibits an approximately square-pyramidal geometry with partially reduced thienyl radical monoanionic ligands. The supra­molecular network is consolidated by hydrogen-bonding inter­actions primarily with nitro­gen, sulfur and chlorine atoms, as well as parallel displaced π-stacking of the aryl rings. The UV–vis, IR, and CV data are also consistent with monoanionic di­thiol­ene ligands and an overall CoII oxidation state.




cobalt

A routine for the determination of the microstructure of stacking-faulted nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide precursors for lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide battery materials

The microstructures of six stacking-faulted industrially produced cobalt- and aluminium-bearing nickel layered double hydroxide (LDH) samples that are used as precursors for Li(Ni1−x−yCoxAly)O2 battery materials were investigated. Shifts from the brucite-type (AγB)□(AγB)□ stacking pattern to the CdCl2-type (AγB)□(CβA)□(BαC)□ and the CrOOH-type (BγA)□(AβC)□(CαB)□ stacking order, as well as random intercalation of water molecules and carbonate ions, were found to be the main features of the microstructures. A recursive routine for generating and averaging supercells of stacking-faulted layered substances implemented in the TOPAS software was used to calculate diffraction patterns of the LDH phases as a function of the degree of faulting and to refine them against the measured diffraction data. The microstructures of the precursor materials were described by a model containing three parameters: transition probabilities for generating CdCl2-type and CrOOH-type faults and a transition probability for the random intercalation of water/carbonate layers. Automated series of simulations and refinements were performed, in which the transition probabilities were modified incrementally and thus the microstructures optimized by a grid search. All samples were found to exhibit the same fraction of CdCl2-type and CrOOH-type stacking faults, which indicates that they have identical Ni, Co and Al contents. Different degrees of interstratification faulting were determined, which could be correlated to different heights of intercalation-water-related mass-loss steps in the thermal analyses.




cobalt

High molecular weight alkyl-allyl cobalttricarbonyl complexes and use thereof for preparing dielectric thin films

A method for forming a cobalt-containing thin film by a vapor deposition process is provided. The method comprises using at least one precursor corresponding in structure to Formula (I); wherein R1 and R2 are independently C2-C8-alkyl; x is zero, 1 or 2; and y is zero or 1; wherein both x and y can not be zero simultaneously.




cobalt

Method for measuring the neutron flux in the core of a nuclear reactor using a cobalt detector and associated device

A method for measuring the neutron flux in the core of a nuclear reactor, the method including several steps recurrently performed at instants separated by a period, the method comprising at each given instant the following steps: acquiring a total signal by a cobalt neutron detector placed inside the core of the reactor; assessing a calibration factor representative of the delayed component of the total signal due to the presence of cobalt 60 in the neutron detector; assessing a corrected signal representative of the neutron flux at the detector from the total signal and from the calibration factor; assessing a slope representative of the time-dependent change of the calibration factor between the preceding instant and the given instant; the calibration factor at the given instant being assessed as a function of the calibration factor assessed at the preceding instant, of the slope, and of the time period separating the given instant from the preceding instant.




cobalt

Nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy

A nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy includes (in weight %) Cr 21-23%, Fe 0.05-1.5%, C 0.05-0.08%, Mn≦0.5%, Si≦0.25%, Co 11-13%, Cu≦0.15%, Mo 8.0-10.0%, Ti 0.3-0.5%, Al 0.8-1.3%, P




cobalt

Hybrid process using ion exchange resins in the selective recovery of nickel and cobalt from leaching effluents

The present invention is directed to a hybrid process using ion exchange resins in the selective recovery of nickel and cobalt of leaching effluents that is comprised of the steps of processing (1) the laterite ore (M), which is then treated through leaching (2) (either atmospheric or under pressure), considering solutions from the solid-liquid separation step of existing plants already in operation (2) as well, in a way that the downstream process comprises an ion exchange hybrid circuit, wherein the first ion exchange step (3) with resins (Re) exhibits specific selectivity conditions for the removal of iron, aluminum and copper and an increased pH, and the second ion exchange step (4) allows the removal of nickel and cobalt.




cobalt

Alumina-forming cobalt-nickel base alloy and method of making an article therefrom

A cobalt-nickel base alloy is disclosed. The alloy includes, in weight percent: greater than about 4 % of Al, about 10 to about 20 % of W, about 10 to about 40 % Ni, about 5 to 20 % Cr and the balance Co and incidental impurities. The alloy has a microstructure that is substantially free of a CoAl phase having a B2 crystal structure and configured to form a continuous, adherent aluminum oxide layer on an alloy surface upon exposure to a high-temperature oxidizing environment. A method of making an article of the alloy includes: selecting the alloy; forming an article from the alloy; solution-treating the alloy; and aging the alloy to form an alloy microstructure that is substantially free of a CoAl phase having a B2 crystal structure, wherein the alloy is configured to form a continuous, adherent aluminum oxide layer on an alloy surface upon exposure to a high-temperature oxidizing environment.





cobalt

Outcrop at the Grimlock Prospect containing elevated cobalt and nickel




cobalt

Can we quit cobalt batteries fast enough to make electric cars viable?

Electric cars depend on cobalt as a key ingredient in their batteries, but a new analysis reveals we may run out by 2030, while car firm Tesla is moving to other types of battery in China




cobalt

Cobaltaelectro-catalyzed C–H activation for resource-economical molecular syntheses




cobalt

What you should know about the cobalt in your smartphone

Cobalt is used to build lithium-ion batteries found in mobile technology. Much of it comes from Congo, where men, women, and children endure dangerous and unhealthy conditions to satisfy our hunger for new devices. It's time we paid attention.




cobalt

Cobalt

Cobalt decreased 2,750 USD/MT or 8.40% since the beginning of 2020, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Historically, Cobalt reached an all time high of 95250 in March of 2018. Cobalt is a hard, lustrous, grey metal with a high melting point (1493°C). Cobalt is used mainly in production of chemicals (58 percent), super alloys for gas turbine blades and jet aircraft engines, special steel, carbides, diamond tools and magnets. By far, the biggest producer of cobalt is Congo, followed by Canada, China, Russia and Zambia. Cobalt futures are available for trading in The London Metal Exchange (LME). The standard contact has a size of 1 tonne.




cobalt

North America set for first plant supplying cobalt for electric cars

Glencore-backed First Cobalt to open Canada refinery this year in attempt to cut reliance on China




cobalt

Lauren Silverman, 42, showcases her svelte figure in a cobalt blue swimsuit in Barbados

The socialite, 40, looked sensational in a cobalt blue, one-shouldered swimsuit while enjoying a day at the beach in Barbados on Friday.




cobalt

[ASAP] Photo- and Thermosensitive Molecular Crystals. Valence Tautomeric Interconversion as the Cause of the Photomechanical Effect in Crystals of Bis(dioxolene)cobalt Complex

Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00547




cobalt

[ASAP] Effect of Coordination Geometry on Magnetic Properties in a Series of Cobalt(II) Complexes and Structural Transformation in Mother Liquor

Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00538




cobalt

[ASAP] <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> NMR Search for Spin-Crossover in Heteroleptic Cobalt(II) Complexes

Inorganic Chemistry
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00716




cobalt

High performance zinc stannate photoanodes in dye sensitized solar cells with cobalt complex mediators

Chem. Commun., 2020, 56,5042-5045
DOI: 10.1039/D0CC01219J, Communication
Lingling Tao, Zhe Sun, Lei Chen, Mao Liang, Song Xue
The combination of a zinc stannate photoanode and cobalt complex electrolyte in DSCs yields an impressive power conversion efficiency of 8.1%.
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cobalt

Linear dicarboxylate based pyridyl appended cobalt(II) coordination polymers in search of opto-electronic properties

New J. Chem., 2020, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D0NJ00567C, Paper
Faruk Ahmed, Joydeep Datta, Samim Khan, Basudeb Dutta, Sakhiul Islam, Sanobar Naaz, Partha Pratim Ray, Mohammad Hedayetullah Mir
Two new coordination polymers (CPs) [Co(adc)(4-ppy)(H2O)2]n, (1) and [Co(adc)(4-bppy)(H2O)2]n, (2) (H2adc = acetylenedicarboxylic acid, 4-ppy = 4-phenylpyridine and 4-bppy = 4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by various techniques including...
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cobalt

Cobalt-based Layered Double Hydroxides Revisited: evidence for an oxidizing radical generation

New J. Chem., 2020, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D0NJ00380H, Paper
Rafael dos Santos Macedo, Rodrigo Boni Fazzi, Ana Maria Da Costa Ferreira, Vera R._Leopoldo Constantino
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing transition metal elements such as cobalt have been studied mainly for applications in electrochemical devices and as catalysts. Fundamental studies about Co-based LDHs are required...
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cobalt

Conjugated nanoporous polycarbazole bearing a cobalt complex for efficient visible-light driven hydrogen evolution

New J. Chem., 2020, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D0NJ01534B, Paper
Bin Guo, Hai-Yan Li, Jianying Chen, David James Young, Jian-Ping Lang, Hong-Xi Li
A conjugated nanoporous polycarbazole (CNP) cross-linked by pyridine and coordinated to Co(III) displays high catalytic performance for visible light-driven H2 generation. The hydrogen evolution rate was up to 410 μmol·g-1·h-1....
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cobalt

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation on cobalt-doped TiO2 nanotubes: degradation of organics under dark and solar light irradiation conditions

Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2020, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D0EN00131G, Paper
Jonghun Lim, Michael R. Hoffmann
The Co-TNT/PMS system enables the continuous degradation of organic pollutants under dark and solar light-irradiation conditions.
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cobalt

Origin of the ligand effect in the cobalt catalyzed regioselective hydroboration of 1,3-diene

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2020, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D0OB00628A, Paper
Yuhua Liu, ZhongJie Jiang, Jipei Chen
The detailed mechanism and the origin of the ligand-controlled regioselectivity in the cobalt catalyzed hydroboration of 2-substituted 1,3-diene have been investigated.
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cobalt

Phosphate ion and oxygen defect-modulated nickel cobaltite nanowires: a bifunctional cathode for flexible hybrid supercapacitors and microbial fuel cells

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8,8722-8730
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA01423K, Paper
Wenda Qiu, Quanhua Zhou, Hongbing Xiao, Chun Zhou, Wenting He, Yu Li, Xihong Lu
The exploration of efficient and cost-effective cathodes for flexible hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is highly desirable but challenging.
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cobalt

[ASAP] Morphological and Electronic Dual Regulation of Cobalt–Nickel Bimetal Phosphide Heterostructures Inducing High Water-Splitting Performance

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00851




cobalt

[ASAP] Chemical and Thermal Sintering of Supported Metals with Emphasis on Cobalt Catalysts During Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Chemical Reviews
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00417




cobalt

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 at a structurally rigidified cobalt center

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2020, 7,1845-1850
DOI: 10.1039/C9QI01431D, Research Article
Jonghoon Choi, Yunho Lee
Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 occurs at a cobalt center supported by a rigidified PNP ligand revealing higher catalytic performance.
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cobalt

Nitric oxide monooxygenation (NOM) reaction of cobalt-nitrosyl {Co(NO)}8 to CoII-nitrito {CoII(NO2−)}: base induced hydrogen gas (H2) evolution

Chem. Sci., 2020, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D0SC01572E, Edge Article
Open Access
Sandip Das, Kulbir, Somnath Ghosh, Subash Chandra Sahoo, Pankaj Kumar
Base-induced hydrogen (H2) gas evolution in the nitric oxide monoxygenation reaction.
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cobalt

[ASAP] Tuning the Metal–Support Interaction and Enhancing the Stability of Titania-Supported Cobalt Fischer–Tropsch Catalysts via Carbon Nitride Coating

ACS Catalysis
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01121




cobalt

The development of a resin-in-pulp process for the recovery of nickel and cobalt from laterite leach slurries / Zaimawati Zainol

Zainol, Zaimawati




cobalt

Arsenic metallurgy : proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Copper, Nickel, Cobalt Committee ... [et al.] of TMS (the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society) held during the TMS 2005 Annual Meeting : San Francisco, California, USA, February 13-17,




cobalt

ALTA 2007 Nickel/Cobalt Conference : May 21-23, 2007, Rendezvous Observation City Hotel, Perth, Australia




cobalt

ALTA 2006 Nickel/Cobalt Conference : May 15-17, 2006, Rendezvous Observation City Hotel, Perth, Australia




cobalt

ALTA 2005 Nickel/Cobalt Conference : May 16-18, 2005, Rendezvous Observation City Hotel, Perth, Australia




cobalt

ALTA 2003 Nickel/Cobalt Conference : May 19-20, 2003, Rendezvous Observation City Hotel, Perth, Australia




cobalt

ALTA 2002 Nickel/Cobalt Conference : May 20-22, 2002, Rendezvous Observation City Hotel, Perth, Australia




cobalt

ALTA 2000 Nickel/Cobalt Conference : nickel/cobalt laterite deposits - geology, evaluation & mining seminar : May 18, 2000, Rendezvous Obsesrvation City Hotel, Perth, Australia




cobalt

ALTA 1999 Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Leaching & Hydrometallurgy Forum : May 11-12, 1999, Rendezvous Observation City Hotel, Perth, Australia / ALTA Metallurgical Services, Melbourne, Australia

Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Leaching & Hydrometallurgy Forum (5th : 1999 : Perth, W.A.)




cobalt

ALTA 1998 Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Leaching & Hydrometallurgy Forum : May 25-27, 1998, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Perth, Australia / ALTA Metallurgical Services, Melbourne, Australia

Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Leaching & Hydrometallurgy Forum (4th : 1998 : Perth, W.A.)




cobalt

ALTA 1997 Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Leaching & Hydrometallurgy Forum : May 19-20, 1997, Hyatt Hotel, Perth, Western Australia

Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Leaching & Hydrometallurgy Forum (1997 : Perth, W.A.)