The euro area sovereign debt crisis highlighted important weaknesses in the euro area design. Fiscal policy did not build sufficient buffers before the crisis, which forced some countries to tighten fiscal policy too rapidly during the downturn to restore market confidence in sovereign borrowing.

The euro area sovereign debt crisis has exposed important flaws in the design of the Economic and Monetary Union, especially when it comes to dealing with macroeconomic shocks.

The paper examines the possible design and macroeconomic stabilisation properties of a euro area unemployment benefits re-insurance scheme using annual historical data from 2000 to 2016.

The discussion about a fiscal stabilisation capacity as a way of providing more fiscal integration in the euro area has strengthened in the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis.

Making SMEs and start-ups a driver of growth and job creation requires a number of policies to improve the performance of SMEs, whose labour productivity in the manufacturing sector has fallen to less than a third of that in large companies.

Imports In the Euro Area decreased to 166261.20 EUR Million in February from 182185.40 EUR Million in January of 2020. Imports in the Euro Area averaged 124729.35 EUR Million from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 196173.20 EUR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 55698.40 EUR Million in January of 1999. Euro Area main imports are energy, manufactured goods and machinery. Main imports partners are China (12 percent of total imports) and United Kingdom (10 percent). Others include: United States, Russia, Switzerland and Japan. The biggest importers within the Euro Area are Germany, Italy, France and Netherlands. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Imports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Europe is putting in place a new system of fiscal rules following the euro area sovereign debt crisis and decades of rising government to debt-to-GDP ratios. These include the so-called "six pack" to upgrade the Stability and Growth Pact to a new Treaty incorporating the "fiscal compact".

by Charles Jenkins, Writer, Commentator and former Director of Western Europe Country Analysis, Economist Intelligence Unit, London. The EU’s crisis has as much to do with leadership and solidarity as resolving fiscal and debt problems. It is time to dispense with caricatures and write the next chapter in the EU’s ongoing history. And for that, clear and transparent data will be needed.

Italy’s policy of fiscal consolidation and growth-friendly structural reforms has substantially improved its economic prospects, but the adverse sentiment that the country has faced in the sovereign bond market over the past years has deep roots.

Opinion piece on lobbying regulation by Rolf Alter, published in the EU Observer.

This paper estimates the elasticities of government revenue and expenditure items with respect to the output gap for European Union (EU) countries. These elasticities are used by the European Commission, as part of the EU fiscal surveillance process, to calculate the semi-elasticity of the budget balance as a percentage of GDP with respect to the output gap.

Imports of counterfeit and pirated goods are worth nearly half a trillion dollars a year, or around 2.5% of global imports, with US, Italian and French brands the hardest hit and many of the proceeds going to organised crime, according to a new report by the OECD and the EU’s Intellectual Property Office.

To achieve a euro area fiscal stance that fosters the recovery, countries with fiscal space under the Stability and Growth Pact rules should use budgetary support to raise growth, and existing incentives and flexibility should be taken advantage of to pursue reforms of tax and spending policies.

The OECD and the Greek Government, with the support of the European Commission, today launched a collaboration project to strengthen Greece’s action plan to fight corruption.

This publication catalogues national practices that illustrate implementation of aspects or elements of competitive neutrality and highlights examples of challenges that may be encountered.

The European Commission has proposed an integrated EU approach to stop profits from trading minerals being used to fund armed conflicts. The package of measures aims to make it more difficult for armed groups in conflict-affected and high-risk areas to finance their activities through the mining of and trade in minerals.

Artificial intelligence could become very real in the world of business. But funding needs to be corrected first for medium-sized firms, where millions of jobs are at stake.

Fraud and corruption are undermining the impact of the European Structural and Investment Funds, with recent high-profile cases resulting in mass protests and political upheaval. So what can EU governments do to tackle the problem?

Imports from European Union in Brazil decreased to 2208 USD Million in April from 2751.18 USD Million in March of 2020. Imports from European Union in Brazil averaged 2920.77 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4404.44 USD Million in July of 2014 and a record low of 2208 USD Million in April of 2020. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Imports from Eu.

Exports to European Union in Brazil decreased to 2792 USD Million in April from 2948 USD Million in March of 2020. Exports to European Union in Brazil averaged 2730.20 USD Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6083.22 USD Million in October of 2013 and a record low of 860.30 USD Million in January of 1999. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Exports to EU.

Household Saving Rate In the Euro Area remained unchanged at 13.04 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 13.04 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Personal Savings in the Euro Area averaged 12.83 percent from 1999 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 14.18 percent in the first quarter of 1999 and a record low of 11.43 percent in the first quarter of 2018. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Personal Savings - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Exports of Coke, Refined Petroleum in Germany decreased to 1054938 EUR THO in February from 1070574 EUR THO in January of 2020. Exports of Coke, Refined Petroleum in Germany averaged 983376.94 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2012245 EUR THO in July of 2008 and a record low of 299836 EUR THO in December of 2001. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Exports of Coke, Refined Petroleum.

Exports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany increased to 948629 EUR THO in February from 864221 EUR THO in January of 2020. Exports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany averaged 476239.17 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1296849 EUR THO in March of 2019 and a record low of 46255 EUR THO in May of 2000. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Exports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas.

Imports of Coke, Refined Petroleum in Germany decreased to 1530383 EUR THO in February from 1826492 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports of Coke, Refined Petroleum in Germany averaged 1622274.97 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2902669 EUR THO in April of 2013 and a record low of 543399 EUR THO in September of 2003. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports of Coke, Refined Petroleum.

Imports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany decreased to 4926835 EUR THO in February from 5507436 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany averaged 5012536.33 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9632430 EUR THO in October of 2012 and a record low of 2005972 EUR THO in August of 2001. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas.

Industrial Production In the Euro Area decreased 1.90 percent in February of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Industrial Production in the Euro Area averaged 1.01 percent from 1991 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9.70 percent in August of 2000 and a record low of -21.30 percent in April of 2009. in the Euro Area, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Industrial Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Employment In the Euro Area increased by 0.30 in December of 2019. Employment Change in the Euro Area averaged 0.21 percent from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 0.70 percent in the first quarter of 2000 and a record low of -0.80 percent in the first quarter of 2009. in the Euro Area, employment change refers to the quarterly change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Employment Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Industrial Production In the Euro Area decreased 0.10 percent in February of 2020 over the previous month. Industrial Production Mom in the Euro Area averaged 0.08 percent from 1990 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3.20 percent in January of 2016 and a record low of -4.10 percent in January of 2009. in the Euro Area, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Industrial Production MoM - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Euro Area recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 0.60 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Budget in the Euro Area averaged -2.76 percent of GDP from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of -0.50 percent of GDP in 2018 and a record low of -7.30 percent of GDP in 1995. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Euro Area Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports to Eurasian Economic Community CMLV in Russia increased to 4844.10 USD Million in February from 2252.60 USD Million in January of 2020. Exports to Eurasian Economic Community CMLV in Russia averaged 17600.93 USD Million from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 41291.50 USD Million in December of 2012 and a record low of 1327.90 USD Million in January of 2006. Russia accounts for Exports to Eurasian Economic Community using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for Russia Exports to Eurasian Economic Community.

Exports to European Union CMLV in Russia increased to 26575.30 USD Million in February from 14079.20 USD Million in January of 2020. Exports to European Union CMLV in Russia averaged 110391.23 USD Million from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 283188.90 USD Million in December of 2013 and a record low of 8048.30 USD Million in January of 2016. Russia accounts for Exports to European Union using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for Russia Exports to European Union.

Imports of Petroleum Products , Usd CMLV in Russia increased to 132.60 USD Million in February from 56.60 USD Million in January of 2020. Imports of Petroleum Products , Usd CMLV in Russia averaged 491.35 USD Million from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3684.90 USD Million in December of 2011 and a record low of 2.70 USD Million in July of 1997. Russia accounts for Imports of Petroleum Products , Usd using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for Russia Imports of Petroleum Products , Usd CMLV.

Imports of Petroleum Product Excluding Crude Oil in South Korea increased to 31730 BARREL THO in March from 31723 BARREL THO in February of 2020. Imports of Petroleum Product Excluding Crude Oil in South Korea averaged 22809.86 BARREL THO from 2002 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 39022 BARREL THO in January of 2020 and a record low of 12639 BARREL THO in January of 2005. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Korea Imports of Petroleum Product Excluding Crude Oil.

Exports to European Union in South Korea decreased to 4328000 USD THO in April from 5068915 USD THO in March of 2020. Exports to European Union in South Korea averaged 4316023.66 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6421073 USD THO in April of 2017 and a record low of 2963558 USD THO in February of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Korea Exports to EUropean Union.

Exports of Kcs - Petroleum Chemical in South Korea decreased to 2578000 USD THO in April from 3280000 USD THO in March of 2020. Exports of Kcs - Petroleum Chemical in South Korea averaged 3258046.51 USD THO from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4458000 USD THO in October of 2018 and a record low of 1531000 USD THO in January of 2009. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Korea Exports of Kcs - Petroleum Chemical.

Exports of Kcs - Petroleum Products in South Korea decreased to 1680000 USD THO in April from 2848000 USD THO in March of 2020. Exports of Kcs - Petroleum Products in South Korea averaged 3149947.67 USD THO from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5202000 USD THO in October of 2012 and a record low of 1168000 USD THO in February of 2006. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Korea Exports of Kcs - Petroleum Products.

Imports from European Union in South Korea decreased to 4539000 USD THO in April from 5443149 USD THO in March of 2020. Imports from European Union in South Korea averaged 4795615.14 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5894819 USD THO in July of 2014 and a record low of 3744228 USD THO in February of 2019. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Korea Imports from European Union.

Euro Area recorded a government debt equivalent to 84.10 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Debt to GDP in the Euro Area averaged 77.94 percent from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 92.80 percent in 2014 and a record low of 65.90 percent in 2007. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Government Debt to GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports from European Union in Indonesia decreased to 851.56 USD Million in February from 1149.48 USD Million in January of 2020. Imports from European Union in Indonesia averaged 1025.37 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1489.97 USD Million in July of 2018 and a record low of 656.94 USD Million in July of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for Indonesia Imports from European Union.

Exports to Rest of Europe in Indonesia increased to 255.68 USD Million in February from 167.46 USD Million in January of 2020. Exports to Rest of Europe in Indonesia averaged 134.08 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 445.85 USD Million in February of 2016 and a record low of 20.86 USD Million in June of 2018. This page includes a chart with historical data for Indonesia Exports to Rest Of Europe.

Imports from Rest of Europe in Indonesia decreased to 194.90 USD Million in February from 364.95 USD Million in January of 2020. Imports from Rest of Europe in Indonesia averaged 337.91 USD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 531.93 USD Million in July of 2017 and a record low of 35.41 USD Million in May of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for Indonesia Imports from Rest Of Europe.

Wages In the Euro Area increased 2.30 percent in December of 2019 over the same month in the previous year. Wage Growth in the Euro Area averaged 1.88 percent from 2009 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 3.40 percent in the second quarter of 2009 and a record low of 0.80 percent in the third quarter of 2010. In the Euro Area, wage growth refers to the change in the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable to all persons counted on the payroll (including home workers), in return for work done during the accounting period, regardless of whether it is paid on the basis of working time, output or piecework and whether it is paid regularly. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Wage Growth - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Mining production In the Euro Area decreased 11.20 percent in January of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Mining Production in the Euro Area averaged -1.78 percent from 1990 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 42.30 percent in September of 1990 and a record low of -27.90 percent in April of 2009. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Mining Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Wages In the Euro Area increased to 1887 EUR/Month in the third quarter of 2019 from 1869 EUR/Month in the second quarter of 2019. Wages in the Euro Area averaged 1528.05 EUR/Month from 1999 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1887 EUR/Month in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 1176 EUR/Month in the first quarter of 1999. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Average Monthly wage per person - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Core Consumer Prices In the Euro Area increased to 104.49 points in March from 103.31 points in February of 2020. Core Consumer Prices in the Euro Area averaged 90.64 points from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 104.83 points in October of 2019 and a record low of 75.10 points in January of 1996. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Core Consumer Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Exports In the Euro Area increased to 189297.90 EUR Million in February from 183916.80 EUR Million in January of 2020. Exports in the Euro Area averaged 131493.71 EUR Million from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 218658.20 EUR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 53045.90 EUR Million in January of 1999. Euro Area main exports are machinery, vehicles and other manufactured goods (65 percent of total exports), chemicals, food and energy. Euro Area main exports partners are United States (13 percent of total exports) and United Kingdom (12 percent). Others include: China, Russia, Switzerland and Turkey. The biggest exporters within the Euro Area are Germany, France, Italy and Netherlands. This page provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Exports - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports of Intra EU - Zinc & Related Articles in the United Kingdom increased to 12.12 GBP Million in February from 2.48 GBP Million in January of 2020. Imports of Intra EU - Zinc & Related Articles in the United Kingdom averaged 6.09 GBP Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 26.15 GBP Million in November of 2006 and a record low of 1.06 GBP Million in February of 2003. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Imports of Intra EU - Zinc & Related Articles.

Imports Intra Eu - Woven Fabrics,Tuft Textile, Lace & Tapestries in the United Kingdom decreased to 9.01 GBP Million in February from 9.84 GBP Million in January of 2020. Imports Intra Eu - Woven Fabrics,Tuft Textile, Lac in the United Kingdom averaged 11.25 GBP Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 17.98 GBP Million in November of 2001 and a record low of 4.86 GBP Million in August of 2009. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Imports of Intra EU - Woven Fabrics,tuft Textile,.

Imports Intra Eu - Works Of Art, Collectors' Pieces & Antiques in the United Kingdom decreased to 17.75 GBP Million in February from 23.37 GBP Million in January of 2020. Imports Intra Eu - Works Of Art, Collectors' Piece in the United Kingdom averaged 20.84 GBP Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 157.67 GBP Million in November of 2015 and a record low of 0.82 GBP Million in August of 1996. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Imports of Intra EU - Works of Art, Collectors P.

Imports Intra Eu - Wool, Fine & Coarse Animal Hair in the United Kingdom decreased to 9.41 GBP Million in February from 11.27 GBP Million in January of 2020. Imports Intra Eu - Wool, Fine & Coarse Animal Hair in the United Kingdom averaged 13.21 GBP Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 31.23 GBP Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 5.76 GBP Million in December of 2008. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Imports of Intra EU - Wool, Fine & Coarse Animal.