unc Hospitalization for Lactic Acidosis Among Patients With Reduced Kidney Function Treated With Metformin or Sulfonylureas By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-04-23T12:39:25-07:00 OBJECTIVETo compare the risk of lactic acidosis hospitalization between patients treated with metformin versus sulfonylureas following development of reduced kidney function.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis retrospective cohort combined data from the National Veterans Health Administration, Medicare, Medicaid, and the National Death Index. New users of metformin or sulfonylureas were followed from development of reduced kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or serum creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dL [female] or 1.5 mg/dL [male]) through hospitalization for lactic acidosis, death, loss to follow-up, or study end. Lactic acidosis hospitalization was defined as a composite of primary discharge diagnosis or laboratory-confirmed lactic acidosis (lactic acid ≥2.5 mmol/L and either arterial blood pH <7.35 or serum bicarbonate ≤19 mmol/L within 24 h of admission). We report the cause-specific hazard of lactic acidosis hospitalization between metformin and sulfonylureas from a propensity score–matched weighted cohort and conduct an additional competing risks analysis to account for treatment change and death.RESULTSThe weighted cohort included 24,542 metformin and 24,662 sulfonylurea users who developed reduced kidney function (median age 70 years, median eGFR 55.8 mL/min/1.73 m2). There were 4.18 (95% CI 3.63, 4.81) vs. 3.69 (3.19, 4.27) lactic acidosis hospitalizations per 1,000 person-years among metformin and sulfonylurea users, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.21 [95% CI 0.99, 1.50]). Results were consistent for both primary discharge diagnosis (aHR 1.11 [0.87, 1.44]) and laboratory-confirmed lactic acidosis (1.25 [0.92, 1.70]).CONCLUSIONSAmong veterans with diabetes who developed reduced kidney function, occurrence of lactic acidosis hospitalization was uncommon and not statistically different between patients who continued metformin and those patients who continued sulfonylureas. Full Article
unc Circulating Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Is Inversely Associated With Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Function Across the Spectrum of Glycemia By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-07T08:41:18-07:00 OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to examine the association of circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels with β-cell function across the spectrum of glucose tolerance from normal to overt type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 291 subjects aged 35–60 years with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), newly diagnosed impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), or type 2 diabetes were screened by a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the use of traditional measures to evaluate β-cell function. From these participants, 74 subjects were recruited for an oral minimal model test, and β-cell function was assessed with model-derived indices. Circulating RBP4 levels were measured by a commercially available ELISA kit.RESULTSCirculating RBP4 levels were significantly and inversely correlated with β-cell function indicated by the Stumvoll first-phase and second-phase insulin secretion indices, but not with HOMA of β-cell function, calculated from the 2-h OGTT in 291 subjects across the spectrum of glycemia. The inverse association was also observed in subjects involved in the oral minimal model test with β-cell function assessed by both direct measures and model-derived measures, after adjustment for potential confounders. Moreover, RBP4 emerged as an independent factor of the disposition index-total insulin secretion.CONCLUSIONSCirculating RBP4 levels are inversely and independently correlated with β-cell function across the spectrum of glycemia, providing another possible explanation of the linkage between RBP4 and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Full Article
unc Astronauts anticipate first crewed launch from U.S. soil in nine years By www.upi.com Published On :: Fri, 01 May 2020 18:15:49 -0400 The two astronauts who are to begin a new era of human spaceflight from U.S. soil this month said Friday they hope to inspire generations of Americans. Full Article
unc Curbing the Influence of "Bad Actors" in International Migration (Transatlantic Council Statement) By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Sat, 01 Feb 2014 00:00:00 -0500 This Transatlantic Council on Migration Statement assesses the continuum of policies needed to disrupt illegal migration-related activities and addresses the conditions that make them possible. It examines the role of migration "bad actors"—human traffickers and unscrupulous employers, among them—who operate and profit in this environment, and considers how governments can deploy resources to discourage their actions. Full Article
unc Shifting Gears, Trump Administration Launches High-Profile Worksite Enforcement Operations By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Wed, 24 Jan 2018 10:52:22 -0500 An unannounced sweep of 98 convenience stores by U.S. immigration authorities—resulting in the arrest of 21 unauthorized workers—may signal a new approach to worksite enforcement under the Trump administration, moving away from a strategy of paper-based audits that resulted in higher employer fines and fewer worker arrests. This article explores worksite enforcement over recent decades. Full Article
unc Hong Kong legislative council breaks out in scuffle By www.upi.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 17:02:26 -0400 Lawmakers in Hong Kong broke out in a scuffle Friday as they fought over who would take control of a committee. Full Article
unc 'RuPaul's Drag Race' announces 'All Stars 5' cast By www.upi.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 15:09:53 -0400 'RuPaul's Drag Race' announced the 10 competitors from previous seasons who will get another chance in the fifth 'All Stars' season, premiering June 5 on VH1. Full Article
unc How Can Parents Help Teach Generation Z Teens about Living in Uncertain Times? By psychcentral.com Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 10:30:09 +0000 The prolonged health and safety stressors of COVID-19 has many parents reaching out to mental health professionals with concern over their teenagers’ increased levels of anxiety. In the United States,... Full Article Children and Teens Parenting Child Development Coping Skills coronavirus COVID-19 Emotional Development pandemic Uncertainty
unc [ Politics ] Open Question : Libtards, don't get your panties in a bunch when those two Georgia 2nd amendment warriors are found innocent of killing that black guy? By answers.yahoo.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 17:20:10 +0000 He shouldn't have fought back when the guy pointed the shot gun at him Full Article
unc Equipping Immigrant Selection Systems for a Changing World of Work (Transatlantic Council Statement) By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Tue, 30 Jul 2019 10:54:09 -0400 As technological developments—from automation to artificial intelligence and machine learning—reshape the world of work, governments face the challenge of updating how they attract, select, and retain economic-stream immigrants. This report, concluding a series on building migration systems for a new age of economic competitiveness, lays out the key considerations for "future-proofing" immigrant selection systems. Full Article
unc The Candidate, the Preacher and the Unconscious Mind By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 05 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT On the eve of crucial presidential primaries in Indiana and North Carolina, Sen. Barack Obama (D-Ill.) has found himself dogged by questions about his former pastor, the Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright Jr. As the Democratic front-runner's popularity has suffered after public statements by Wright about ra... Full Article Opinions The Candidate the Preacher and the Unconscious Mind
unc Cracked Foundation, Uncertain Future: Structural Weaknesses in the Common European Asylum System By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Fri, 16 Mar 2018 18:13:48 -0400 During the 2015–16 migration crisis, European asylum systems were stretched to a breaking point. Yet many of the structural issues that contributed to failures to register newcomers, insufficient reception capacity, and growing backlogs of asylum cases existed before—and many remain unresolved. This report critically evaluates Common European Asylum System legal and operational shortcomings at a time when reform is on the table. Full Article
unc MPI’s Transatlantic Council on Migration Launches Research Series on Lasting Effects of Mixed Migration Flows By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 22:10:32 -0500 First report examines Canadian challenges & solutions in housing Syrian refugees WASHINGTON — Four years after the peak of the 2015–16 migration and refugee crisis in Europe and amid swelling arrivals at the U.S.-Mexico border and elsewhere, new evidence sheds light on how well countries have responded to an unprecedented surge in mixed flows of humanitarian, economic and family migrants. Full Article
unc Rebuilding Community after Crisis: Striking a New Social Contract for Diverse Societies (Transatlantic Council Statement) By www.migrationpolicy.org Published On :: Tue, 14 Jan 2020 09:52:21 -0500 Addressing the deep-rooted integration challenges unearthed by large-scale migration and rapid social change will require a combination of strategies. Governments in Europe and North America must create a new social contract for increasingly diverse societies that are confronting cycles of disruption. This report sketches a blueprint for an adaptive process oriented by skill needs rather than national origins. Full Article
unc Savoury Lunchbox Muffins By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Tue, 24 Jan 2017 12:30:00 +1100 Monique Bowley, shared this recipe on Foodie Tuesday, a weekly segment on ABC Radio Melbourne's Drive program at 3.30pm. Full Article ABC Local melbourne Lifestyle and Leisure:Recipes:All Australia:VIC:Melbourne 3000
unc Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes According to Renal Function in Patients Treated With Once-Weekly Exenatide: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-20T12:00:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Least squares mean difference (LSMD) in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline between the EQW and placebo groups was calculated for 13,844 participants. Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE). Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria). RESULTS EQW did not change eGFR significantly (LSMD 0.21 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI –0.27 to 0.70]). Macroalbuminuria occurred in 2.2% of patients in the EQW group and in 2.5% of those in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87 [95% CI 0.70–1.07]). Neither renal composite was reduced with EQW in unadjusted analyses, but renal composite 2 was reduced after adjustment (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74–0.98]). Retinopathy rates did not differ by treatment group or in the HbA1c-lowering or prior retinopathy subgroups. CV outcomes in those with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 did not differ by group. Those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had nominal risk reductions for MACE, all-cause mortality, and CV death, but interactions by renal function group were significant for only stroke (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.58–0.93]; P for interaction = 0.035) and CV death (HR 1.08 [95% CI 0.85–1.38]; P for interaction = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS EQW had no impact on unadjusted retinopathy or renal outcomes. CV risk was modestly reduced only in those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in analyses unadjusted for multiplicity. Full Article
unc Novel Biomarkers for Change in Renal Function in People With Dysglycemia By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-20T12:00:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE Diabetes is a major risk factor for renal function decline and failure. The availability of multiplex panels of biochemical markers provides the opportunity to identify novel biomarkers that can better predict changes in renal function than routinely available clinical markers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The concentration of 239 biochemical markers was measured in stored serum from participants in the biomarker substudy of Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial. Repeated-measures mixed-effects models were used to compute the annual change in eGFR (measured as mL/min/1.73 m2/year) for the 7,482 participants with a recorded baseline and follow-up eGFR. Linear regression models using forward selection were used to identify the independent biomarker determinants of the annual change in eGFR after accounting for baseline HbA1c, baseline eGFR, and routinely measured clinical risk factors. The incidence of the composite renal outcome (i.e., renal replacement therapy, renal death, renal failure, albuminuria progression, doubling of serum creatinine) and death within each fourth of change in eGFR predicted from these models was also estimated. RESULTS During 6.2 years of median follow-up, the median annual change in eGFR was –0.18 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. Fifteen biomarkers independently predicted eGFR decline after accounting for cardiovascular risk factors, as did 12 of these plus 1 additional biomarker after accounting for renal risk factors. Every 0.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 predicted annual fall in eGFR predicted a 13% (95% CI 12, 14%) higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS Adding up to 16 biomarkers to routinely measured clinical risk factors improves the prediction of annual change in eGFR in people with dysglycemia. Full Article
unc Genetic Susceptibility Determines {beta}-Cell Function and Fasting Glycemia Trajectories Throughout Childhood: A 12-Year Cohort Study (EarlyBird 76) By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-02-20T11:55:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggested that childhood prediabetes may develop prior to obesity and be associated with relative insulin deficiency. We proposed that the insulin-deficient phenotype is genetically determined and tested this hypothesis by longitudinal modeling of insulin and glucose traits with diabetes risk genotypes in the EarlyBird cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS EarlyBird is a nonintervention prospective cohort study that recruited 307 healthy U.K. children at 5 years of age and followed them throughout childhood. We genotyped 121 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with diabetes risk, identified in the adult population. Association of SNPs with fasting insulin and glucose and HOMA indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function, available from 5 to 16 years of age, were tested. Association analysis with hormones was performed on selected SNPs. RESULTS Several candidate loci influenced the course of glycemic and insulin traits, including rs780094 (GCKR), rs4457053 (ZBED3), rs11257655 (CDC123), rs12779790 (CDC123 and CAMK1D), rs1111875 (HHEX), rs7178572 (HMG20A), rs9787485 (NRG3), and rs1535500 (KCNK16). Some of these SNPs interacted with age, the growth hormone–IGF-1 axis, and adrenal and sex steroid activity. CONCLUSIONS The findings that genetic markers influence both elevated and average courses of glycemic traits and β-cell function in children during puberty independently of BMI are a significant step toward early identification of children at risk for diabetes. These findings build on our previous observations that pancreatic β-cell defects predate insulin resistance in the onset of prediabetes. Understanding the mechanisms of interactions among genetic factors, puberty, and weight gain would allow the development of new and earlier disease-management strategies in children. Full Article
unc Baseball and Linguistic Uncertainty By decisions-and-info-gaps.blogspot.com Published On :: Sun, 21 Aug 2011 14:00:00 +0000 In my youth I played an inordinate amount of baseball, collected baseball cards, and idolized baseball players. I've outgrown all that but when I'm in the States during baseball season I do enjoy watching a few innings on the TV.So I was watching a baseball game recently and the commentator was talking about the art of pitching. Throwing a baseball, he said, is like shooting a shotgun. You get a spray. As a pitcher, you have to know your spray. You learn to control it, but you know that it is there. The ball won't always go where you want it. And furthermore, where you want the ball depends on the batter's style and strategy, which vary from pitch to pitch for every batter.That's baseball talk, but it stuck in my mind. Baseball pitchers must manage uncertainty! And it is not enough to reduce it and hope for the best. Suppose you want to throw a strike. It's not a good strategy to aim directly at, say, the lower outside corner of the strike zone, because of the spray of the ball's path and because the batter's stance can shift. Especially if the spray is skewed down and out, you'll want to move up and in a bit.This is all very similar to the ambiguity of human speech when we pitch words at each other. Words don't have precise meanings; meanings spread out like the pitcher's spray. If we want to communicate precisely we need to be aware of this uncertainty, and manage it, taking account of the listener's propensities.Take the word "liberal" as it is used in political discussion.For many decades, "liberals" have tended to support high taxes to provide generous welfare, public medical insurance, and low-cost housing. They advocate liberal (meaning magnanimous or abundant) government involvement for the citizens' benefit.A "liberal" might also be someone who is open-minded and tolerant, who is not strict in applying rules to other people, or even to him or herself. Such a person might be called "liberal" (meaning advocating individual rights) for opposing extensive government involvement in private decisions. For instance, liberals (in this second sense) might oppose high taxes since they reduce individuals' ability to make independent choices. As another example, John Stuart Mill opposed laws which restricted the rights of women to work (at night, for instance), even though these laws were intended to promote the welfare of women. Women, insisted Mill, are intelligent adults and can judge for themselves what is good for them.Returning to the first meaning of "liberal" mentioned above, people of that strain may support restrictions of trade to countries which ignore the health and safety of workers. The other type of "liberal" might tend to support unrestricted trade.Sending out words and pitching baseballs are both like shooting a shotgun: meanings (and baseballs) spray out. You must know what meaning you wish to convey, and what other meanings the word can have. The choice of the word, and the crafting of its context, must manage the uncertainty of where the word will land in the listener's mind.Let's go back to baseball again.If there were no uncertainty in the pitcher's pitch and the batter's swing, then baseball would be a dreadfully boring game. If the batter knows exactly where and when the ball will arrive, and can completely control the bat, then every swing will be a homer. Or conversely, if the pitcher always knows exactly how the batter will swing, and if each throw is perfectly controlled, then every batter will strike out. But which is it? Whose certainty dominates? The batter's or the pitcher's? It can't be both. There is some deep philosophical problem here. Clearly there cannot be complete certainty in a world which has some element of free will, or surprise, or discovery. This is not just a tautology, a necessary result of what we mean by "uncertainty" and "surprise". It is an implication of limited human knowledge. Uncertainty - which makes baseball and life interesting - is inevitable in the human world.How does this carry over to human speech?It is said of the Wright brothers that they thought so synergistically that one brother could finish an idea or sentence begun by the other. If there is no uncertainty in what I am going to say, then you will be bored with my conversation, or at least, you won't learn anything from me. It is because you don't know what I mean by, for instance, "robustness", that my speech on this topic is enlightening (and maybe interesting). And it is because you disagree with me about what robustness means (and you tell me so), that I can perhaps extend my own understanding.So, uncertainty is inevitable in a world that is rich enough to have surprise or free will. Furthermore, this uncertainty leads to a process - through speech - of discovery and new understanding. Uncertainty, and the use of language, leads to discovery.Isn't baseball an interesting game? Full Article
unc Jabberwocky. Or: Grand Unified Theory of Uncertainty??? By decisions-and-info-gaps.blogspot.com Published On :: Mon, 19 Dec 2011 07:30:00 +0000 Jabberwocky, Lewis Carroll's whimsical nonsense poem, uses made-up words to create an atmosphere and to tell a story. "Billig", "frumious", "vorpal" and "uffish" have no lexical meaning, but they could have. The poem demonstrates that the realm of imagination exceeds the bounds of reality just as the set of possible words and meanings exceeds its real lexical counterpart.Uncertainty thrives in the realm of imagination, incongruity, and contradiction. Uncertainty falls in the realm of science fiction as much as in the realm of science. People have struggled with uncertainty for ages and many theories of uncertainty have appeared over time. How many uncertainty theories do we need? Lots, and forever. Would we say that of physics? No, at least not forever.Can you think inconsistent, incoherent, or erroneous thoughts? I can. (I do it quite often, usually without noticing.) For those unaccustomed to thinking incongruous thoughts, and who need a bit of help to get started, I can recommend thinking of "two meanings packed into one word like a portmanteau," like 'fuming' and 'furious' to get 'frumious' or 'snake' and 'shark' to get 'snark'.Portmanteau words are a start. Our task now is portmanteau thoughts. Take for instance the idea of a 'thingk':When I think a thing I've thought,I have often felt I oughtTo call this thing I think a "Thingk",Which ought to save a lot of ink.The participle is written "thingking",(Which is where we save on inking,)Because "thingking" says in just one word:"Thinking of a thought thing." Absurd!All this shows high-power abstraction.(That highly touted human contraption.)Using symbols with subtle feint,To stand for something which they ain't.Now that wasn't difficult: two thoughts at once. Now let those thoughts be contradictory. To use a prosaic example: thinking the unthinkable, which I suppose is 'unthingkable'. There! You did it. You are on your way to a rich and full life of thinking incongruities, fallacies and contradictions. We can hold in our minds thoughts of 4-sided triangles, parallel lines that intersect, and endless other seeming impossibilities from super-girls like Pippi Longstockings to life on Mars (some of which may actually be true, or at least possible).Scientists, logicians, and saints are in the business of dispelling all such incongruities, errors and contradictions. Banishing inconsistency is possible in science because (or if) there is only one coherent world. Belief in one coherent world and one grand unified theory is the modern secular version of the ancient monotheistic intuition of one universal God (in which saints tend to believe). Uncertainty thrives in the realm in which scientists and saints have not yet completed their tasks (perhaps because they are incompletable). For instance, we must entertain a wide range of conflicting conceptions when we do not yet know how (or whether) quantum mechanics can be reconciled with general relativity, or Pippi's strength reconciled with the limitations of physiology. As Henry Adams wrote:"Images are not arguments, rarely even lead to proof, but the mind craves them, and, of late more than ever, the keenest experimenters find twenty images better than one, especially if contradictory; since the human mind has already learned to deal in contradictions."The very idea of a rigorously logical theory of uncertainty is startling and implausible because the realm of the uncertain is inherently incoherent and contradictory. Indeed, the first uncertainty theory - probability - emerged many centuries after the invention of the axiomatic method in mathematics. Today we have many theories of uncertainty: probability, imprecise probability, information theory, generalized information theory, fuzzy logic, Dempster-Shafer theory, info-gap theory, and more (the list is a bit uncertain). Why such a long and diverse list? It seems that in constructing a logically consistent theory of the logically inconsistent domain of uncertainty, one cannot capture the whole beast all at once (though I'm uncertain about this).A theory, in order to be scientific, must exclude something. A scientific theory makes statements such as "This happens; that doesn't happen." Karl Popper explained that a scientific theory must contain statements that are at risk of being wrong, statements that could be falsified. Deborah Mayo demonstrated how science grows by discovering and recovering from error.The realm of uncertainty contains contradictions (ostensible or real) such as the pair of statements: "Nine year old girls can lift horses" and "Muscle fiber generates tension through the action of actin and myosin cross-bridge cycling". A logically consistent theory of uncertainty can handle improbabilities, as can scientific theories like quantum mechanics. But a logical theory cannot encompass outright contradictions. Science investigates a domain: the natural and physical worlds. Those worlds, by virtue of their existence, are perhaps coherent in a way that can be reflected in a unified logical theory. Theories of uncertainty are directed at a larger domain: the natural and physical worlds and all imaginable (and unimaginable) other worlds. That larger domain is definitely not coherent, and a unified logical theory would seem to be unattainable. Hence many theories of uncertainty are needed.Scientific theories are good to have, and we do well to encourage the scientists. But it is a mistake to think that the scientific paradigm is suitable to all domains, in particular, to the study of uncertainty. Logic is a powerful tool and the axiomatic method assures the logical consistency of a theory. For instance, Leonard Savage argued that personal probability is a "code of consistency" for choosing one's behavior. Jim March compares the rigorous logic of mathematical theories of decision to strict religious morality. Consistency between values and actions is commendable says March, but he notes that one sometimes needs to deviate from perfect morality. While "[s]tandard notions of intelligent choice are theories of strict morality ... saints are a luxury to be encouraged only in small numbers." Logical consistency is a merit of any single theory, including a theory of uncertainty. However, insisting that the same logical consistency apply over the entire domain of uncertainty is like asking reality and saintliness to make peace. Full Article
unc We're Just Getting Started: A Glimpse at the History of Uncertainty By decisions-and-info-gaps.blogspot.com Published On :: Thu, 22 Mar 2012 19:12:00 +0000 We've had our cerebral cortex for several tens of thousands of years. We've lived in more or less sedentary settlements and produced excess food for 7 or 8 thousand years. We've written down our thoughts for roughly 5 thousand years. And Science? The ancient Greeks had some, but science and its systematic application are overwhelmingly a European invention of the past 500 years. We can be proud of our accomplishments (quantum theory, polio vaccine, powered machines), and we should worry about our destructive capabilities (atomic, biological and chemical weapons). But it is quite plausible, as Koestler suggests, that we've only just begun to discover our cerebral capabilities. It is more than just plausible that the mysteries of the universe are still largely hidden from us. As evidence, consider the fact that the main theories of physics - general relativity, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics - are still not unified. And it goes without say that the consilient unity of science is still far from us.What holds for science in general, holds also for the study of uncertainty. The ancient Greeks invented the axiomatic method and used it in the study of mathematics. Some medieval thinkers explored the mathematics of uncertainty, but it wasn't until around 1600 that serious thought was directed to the systematic study of uncertainty, and statistics as a separate and mature discipline emerged only in the 19th century. The 20th century saw a florescence of uncertainty models. Lukaczewicz discovered 3-valued logic in 1917, and in 1965 Zadeh introduced his work on fuzzy logic. In between, Wald formulated a modern version of min-max in 1945. A plethora of other theories, including P-boxes, lower previsions, Dempster-Shafer theory, generalized information theory and info-gap theory all suggest that the study of uncertainty will continue to grow and diversify.In short, we have learned many facts and begun to understand our world and its uncertainties, but the disputes and open questions are still rampant and the yet-unformulated questions are endless. This means that innovations, discoveries, inventions, surprises, errors, and misunderstandings are to be expected in the study or management of uncertainty. We are just getting started. Full Article
unc The Obama administration launches RECAP By nudges.org Published On :: Tue, 13 Sep 2011 22:42:25 +0000 It goes by the name “Smart Disclosure,” in an announcement to the heads of federal departments and agencies. The term “smart disclosure” refers to the timely release of complex information and data in standardized, machine readable formats in ways that enable consumers to make informed decisions. Smart disclosure will typically take the form of providing [...] Full Article Blog posts RECAP
unc 2 questions to uncover your passion -- and turn it into a career | Noeline Kirabo By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 26 Mar 2020 15:02:29 +0000 What's your passion? Social entrepreneur Noeline Kirabo reflects on her work helping out-of-school young people in Uganda turn their passions into profitable businesses -- and shares the two questions you can ask yourself to begin doing the same. Full Article Higher Education
unc In uncertain times, think like a mother | Yifat Susskind By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 06 Apr 2020 14:50:53 +0000 There's a simple and powerful way to confront the world's most pressing crises, says women's rights activist Yifat Susskind: think like a mother. As she puts it: "When you think like a mother, you prioritize the needs of the many, not the whims of the few." Follow along as she shares moving stories of people around the world who embody this mindset -- and shows how it can also help you see beyond suffering and act to build a better world. Full Article Higher Education
unc How visualizing inferential uncertainty can mislead readers about treatment effects in scientific results By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 10 Dec 2019 21:09:33 +0000 STANDARD ERRORS VS STANDARD DEVIATIONS Click to enlarge There’s an ancient haiku that goes: People confuse a well-estimated mean with a certain outcome Ok, that’s not true. But Jake Hofman, Dan Goldstein, and Jessica Hullman have a new paper (recently accepted at CHI 2020) about this. They bet you’ll think the results of their paper […] The post How visualizing inferential uncertainty can mislead readers about treatment effects in scientific results appeared first on Decision Science News. Full Article Conferences Ideas 2020 certain chi goldstein hofman hullman inferential mean mislead outcome readers results scientific uncertainty well-estimated
unc ESSA Forces Uncomfortable Conversations in Massachusetts Over School Spending By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 24 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Relying on newly available data under ESSA, a local advocacy group found several districts that spend more money on wealthy students than poor students, despite the state's intentions. Full Article Massachusetts
unc Deval Patrick, Obama Education Ally, Announces Presidential Run By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 00:00:00 +0000 A businessman, Patrick served two terms as governor of Massachusetts and has credited education with his own dramatic rise to success. Full Article Massachusetts
unc Groups seek injunction to stop Idaho transgender sports ban By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T15:33:44-04:00 Full Article Education
unc Judge rules Tennessee's voucher law is unconstitutional By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-05T02:53:40-04:00 Full Article Education
unc How 4 Communities Are Struggling to Prepare Kids for an Uncertain Future By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 04 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Schools are slowly figuring out how to balance thinking globally with acting locally, and recognizing that some key skills are valuable no matter where students end up living. Full Article Wyoming
unc School Leadership Institute Launched in Texas By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 07 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0000 The chairman and CEO of H-E-B, a Texas-based grocery chain, is sinking more than $100 million into the launch of a new institute focused on improving school leadership in Texas' public schools. Full Article Texas
unc Judge rules Tennessee's voucher law is unconstitutional By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 05 May 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Full Article Tennessee
unc John Hickenlooper, Who Helped Start a Scholarship Program For Needy High School Students, Announces Presidential Run By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 04 Mar 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper, who helped initiate a shakeup of Denver Public Schools, has announced that he's running for president as a Democrat in 2020. Full Article Colorado
unc Groups seek injunction to stop Idaho transgender sports ban By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T16:09:04-04:00 Full Article Education
unc Judge rules Tennessee's voucher law is unconstitutional By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-05T08:37:55-04:00 Full Article Education
unc Rhode Island Announces Statewide K-12 Personalized Learning Push By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 22 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0000 The Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative and other funders are supporting Rhode Island's efforts to define and research personalized learning in traditional public schools. Full Article Rhode_Island
unc How 4 Communities Are Struggling to Prepare Kids for an Uncertain Future By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 04 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Schools are slowly figuring out how to balance thinking globally with acting locally, and recognizing that some key skills are valuable no matter where students end up living. Full Article Connecticut
unc How 4 Communities Are Struggling to Prepare Kids for an Uncertain Future By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 04 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Schools are slowly figuring out how to balance thinking globally with acting locally, and recognizing that some key skills are valuable no matter where students end up living. Full Article Georgia
unc NAIA partners with NFL to launch women's flag football as a recognized varsity sport By sports.yahoo.com Published On :: Tue, 05 May 2020 12:22:54 GMT Women's flag football is set to be an official NAIA sport as soon as 2021. Full Article article Sports
unc Restorative justice : an adjunct to the current punitive justice system / presented by Leigh Garrett, CEO OARS Community Transitions, including the Centre for Restorative Justice. By www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au Published On :: Full Article
unc Forum 2019 : 3C: What documents a practitioner should or shouldn't release to a client : slides / presented by Jon Clarke, Cowell Clarke, Peter Jackson, Duncan Basheer Hannon, Rebecca Sandford, HWL Ebsorth Lawyers. By www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au Published On :: Full Article
unc 2018 Regional Heritage Conference, 12-13 April 2018 Geraldton : sacred heritage conference program / Heritage Council, Government of Western Australia, City of Greater Geraldton. By www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au Published On :: Full Article
unc Federal Executive Council handbook 2019 / Federal Executive Council. By www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au Published On :: This handbook outlines the diversity of matters submitted to the Executive Council and presented to the Governor-General and Executive Councillors. Full Article
unc From trash to treasure : a true story of the amazing unconditional love and mercy of God / Lee Habbershaw. By www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au Published On :: From Trash to Treasure is an intensely honest account of a life powerfully redeemed and is a demonstration of the goodness of God. Lee Habbershaw's journey to recovery from sexual abuse moved me to tears - sometimes in compassion, but often in joy. The book is rich with the landmark of life events and Biblical truths which, layer by layer, led Lee into the powerful teaching and counselling ministry she operates in today. This book could change your life (page 7) Full Article
unc Classic keys : keyboard sounds that launched rock music / Alan S. Lenhoff and David Robertson. By www.catalog.slsa.sa.gov.au Published On :: Keyboard instruments -- History -- 20th century. Full Article
unc Die Behandlung der hysterie der Neurasthenie und ähnlicher allgemeiner functioneller Neurosen / von V. Holst. By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Stuttgart : F. Enke, 1883. Full Article
unc Die Blennorrhöe der Sexualorgane und ihre Complicationen : nach dem neuesten wissenschaftlichen Standpuncte und zahlreichen eigenen Studien und Untersuchungen / dargestellt von Ernest Finger. By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Leipzig : F. Deuticke, 1893. Full Article
unc Die functionen des centralnervensystems und ihre phylogenese / von J. Steiner. By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Braunschweig : Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1898. Full Article
unc Die Functionsstörungen des Grosshirnes / von A. Adamkiewicz. By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Hannover : Köllner, 1898. Full Article
