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Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Children in the Emergency Department With Suspected Pneumonia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Antibiotic therapy is often prescribed for suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children despite a lack of knowledge of causative pathogen. Our objective in this study was to investigate the association between antibiotic prescription and treatment failure in children with suspected CAP who are discharged from the hospital emergency department (ED).

METHODS:

We performed a prospective cohort study of children (ages 3 months–18 years) who were discharged from the ED with suspected CAP. The primary exposure was antibiotic receipt or prescription. The primary outcome was treatment failure (ie, hospitalization after being discharged from the ED, return visit with antibiotic initiation or change, or antibiotic change within 7–15 days from the ED visit). The secondary outcomes included parent-reported quality-of-life measures. Propensity score matching was used to limit potential bias attributable to treatment selection between children who did and did not receive an antibiotic prescription.

RESULTS:

Of 337 eligible children, 294 were matched on the basis of propensity score. There was no statistical difference in treatment failure between children who received antibiotics and those who did not (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.45–2.2). There was no difference in the proportion of children with return visits with hospitalization (3.4% with antibiotics versus 3.4% without), initiation and/or change of antibiotics (4.8% vs 6.1%), or parent-reported quality-of-life measures.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among children with suspected CAP, the outcomes were not statistically different between those who did and did not receive an antibiotic prescription.




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Body Dissatisfaction and Mental Health Outcomes of Youth on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy

OBJECTIVES:

Our first aim was to examine baseline differences in body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety symptoms by gender, age, and Tanner (ie, pubertal) stage. Our second aim was to test for changes in youth symptoms over the first year of receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy. Our third aim was to examine potential differences in change over time by demographic and treatment characteristics. Youth experiences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) are also reported.

METHODS:

Participants (n = 148; ages 9–18 years; mean age 14.9 years) were receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy at a multidisciplinary program in Dallas, Texas (n = 25 puberty suppression only; n = 123 feminizing or masculinizing hormone therapy). Participants completed surveys assessing body dissatisfaction (Body Image Scale), depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms), and anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders) at initial presentation to the clinic and at follow-up. Clinicians completed the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms and collected information on youth experiences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and NSSI.

RESULTS:

Affirmed males reported greater depression and anxiety at baseline, but these differences were small (P < .01). Youth reported large improvements in body dissatisfaction (P < .001), small to moderate improvements in self-report of depressive symptoms (P < .001), and small improvements in total anxiety symptoms (P < .01). No demographic or treatment-related characteristics were associated with change over time. Lifetime and follow-up rates were 81% and 39% for suicidal ideation, 16% and 4% for suicide attempt, and 52% and 18% for NSSI, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Results provide further evidence of the critical role of gender-affirming hormone therapy in reducing body dissatisfaction. Modest initial improvements in mental health were also evident.




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Trends in Regionalization of Emergency Care for Common Pediatric Conditions

BACKGROUND:

For children who cannot be discharged from the emergency department, definitive care has become less frequent at most hospitals. It is uncertain whether this is true for common conditions that do not require specialty care. We sought to determine how the likelihood of definitive care has changed for 3 common pediatric conditions: asthma, croup, and gastroenteritis.

METHODS:

We used the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database to study children <18 years old presenting to emergency departments in the United States from 2008 to 2016 with a primary diagnosis of asthma, croup, or gastroenteritis, excluding critically ill patients. The primary outcome was referral rate: the number of patients transferred among all patients who could not be discharged. Analyses were stratified by quartile of annual pediatric volume. We used logistic regression to determine if changes over time in demographics or comorbidities could account for referral rate changes.

RESULTS:

Referral rates increased for each condition in all volume quartiles. Referral rates were greatest in the lowest pediatric volume quartile. Referral rates in the lowest pediatric volume quartile increased for asthma (13.6% per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6%–22.2%), croup (14.8% per year; 95% CI 2.6%–28.3%), and gastroenteritis (16.4% per year; 95% CI 3.5%–31.0%). Changes over time in patient age, sex, comorbidities, weekend presentation, payer mix, urban-rural location of presentation, or area income did not account for these findings.

CONCLUSIONS:

Increasing referral rates over time suggest decreasing provision of definitive care and regionalization of inpatient care for 3 common, generally straightforward conditions.




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Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration, and Supplementation Among Mexican-Origin Women in Texas

BACKGROUND:

Mexican-origin women breastfeed at similar rates as white women in the United States, yet they usually breastfeed for less time. In our study, we seek to identify differences in Mexican-origin women’s breastfeeding intentions, initiation, continuation, and supplementation across nativity and country-of-education groups.

METHODS:

The data are from a prospective cohort study of postpartum women ages 18 to 44 recruited from 8 Texas hospitals. We included 1235 Mexican-origin women who were born and educated in either Texas or Mexico. Women were interviewed at delivery and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post partum. Breastfeeding intentions and initiation were reported at baseline, continuation was collected at each interview, and weeks until supplementation was assessed for both solids and formula. Women were classified into 3 categories: born and educated in Mexico, born and educated in the United States, and born in Mexico and educated in the United States.

RESULTS:

Breastfeeding initiation and continuation varied by nativity and country of birth, although all women reported similar breastfeeding intentions. Women born and educated in Mexico initiated and continued breastfeeding in higher proportions than women born and educated in the United States. Mexican-born and US-educated women formed an intermediate group. Early supplementation with formula and solid foods was similar across groups, and early supplementation with formula negatively impacted duration across all groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Nativity and country of education are important predictors of breastfeeding and should be assessed in pediatric and postpartum settings to tailor breastfeeding support. Support is especially warranted among US-born women, and additional educational interventions should be developed to forestall early supplementation with formula across all acculturation groups.




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Mental Health Outcomes Among Homeless, Runaway, and Stably Housed Youth

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Runaway youth and homeless youth are at risk for adverse mental health outcomes. These 2 populations are frequently pooled together in both research and interventions yet may have unique health needs. We sought to assess differences in mental health outcomes among these populations.

METHODS:

We conducted a secondary data analysis of ninth- and 11th-graders in the 2016 minnesota Student Survey (n = 68 785). We categorized youth into 4 subgroups based on housing status in the previous year: (1) unaccompanied homeless youth (0.5%), (2) runaway youth (4%), (3) youth who had both run away and been homeless (0.6%), and (4) stably housed youth (95%). We performed multivariable logistic regression to compare 4 mental health outcomes (self-injury, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and depressive symptoms) across groups, controlling for demographics and abuse history.

RESULTS:

Unstably housed youth had poorer mental health outcomes when compared with their stably housed peers (P < .05). For example, 11% of homeless youth, 20% of runaways, and 33% of youth who had experienced both had attempted suicide in the previous year compared with 2% of stably housed youth (adjusted odds ratios 2.4, 4.9, and 7.1, respectively). Other outcomes showed a similar pattern.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest that runaway and homeless youth represent unique populations with high levels of mental health needs who would benefit from targeted clinical and community interventions. Pediatric clinicians represent one potential point of screening and intervention.




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HIV Testing Among Adolescents With Acute Sexually Transmitted Infections

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased over the decade. Guidelines recommend HIV testing with incident STIs. Prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing in acute STIs are unknown in adolescents. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of completed HIV testing among adolescents with incident STIs and identify patient and health care factors associated with HIV testing.

METHODS:

Retrospective study of STI episodes (gonorrhea, Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, or syphilis) of adolescents between 13 and 24 years old from July 2014 to December 2017 in 2 urban primary care clinics. We performed mixed effects logistic regression modeling to identify patient and health care factors associated with HIV testing within 90 days of STI diagnosis.

RESULTS:

The 1313 participants contributed 1816 acute STI episodes. Mean age at STI diagnosis was 17.2 years (SD = 1.7), 75% of episodes occurred in females, and 97% occurred in African Americans. Only half (55%) of acute STI episodes had a completed HIV test. In the adjusted model, female sex, previous STIs, uninsured status, and confidential sexual health encounters were associated with decreased odds of HIV testing. Patients enrolled in primary care at the clinics, compared with those receiving sexual health care alone, and those with multipathogen STI diagnoses were more likely to have HIV testing.

CONCLUSIONS:

HIV testing rates among adolescents with acute STIs are suboptimal. Patient and health care factors were found to be associated with receipt of testing and should be considered in clinical practice.




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Campaign Monitor

Campaign Monitor is a satisfactory marketing tool, especially with email marketing features and analytics, but it trails the competition in areas like direct online support.




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Champions League Fantasy: Big-money assets

UEFA.com runs the rule over some of the most expensive players in the game to assess who's worth splashing out for.




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Fin24.com | Want to improve managing your money? Here are 7 tools

This list looks at seven top South African products disrupting the traditional way of doing finance.




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Fin24.com | Credit card fraud spikes at 'alarming' rate in just 3 months – Banking Services Ombud

Credit card fraud increased to 19.47% as at the end of March 2019, compared to 12.2% reported at the beginning of January 2019.




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Fin24.com | 'I told myself it's not my money, yet': This woman saved R23 400 in small change in a year

Student Sandisiwe Msomi saved R23 400 in small change over a year, which she will now use to pay for the registration fees of her second academic year.




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Deals: Lenovo Flex 14, Dell Gaming Monitor, New Nintendo Switch

Today you can save $120 on the Lenovo Flex 14 2-in-1 laptop. Also, the 24-inch Dell S2419HGF 1080p monitor dropped is now just $149.99. Finally, the new Nintendo Switch, featuring improved battery life, is now available.




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Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Children in the Emergency Department With Suspected Pneumonia

Matthew J. Lipshaw
Apr 1, 2020; 145:e20193138-e20193138
ARTICLES




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Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China

Yuanyuan Dong
Apr 8, 2020; 0:peds.2020-0702v2-e20200702
ARTICLES




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Fin24.com | SA expats send money home to help aging parents and more

Remittances from overseas are a lifeline for many South Africans, says Richard Ambrose, CEO of Azimo.




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Fin24.com | Organisation with an interest in financial literacy, invited to take part in Money Smart Week

Money Smart Week SA, a financial literacy campaign aimed at motivating and empowering South Africans to become more educated about their finances, is taking place from March 23 to 28, 2020.




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Spain, Italy, Russia among qualifiers as main round ends

Italy, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Portugal, Spain, Kazakhstan and Russia joined hosts Slovenia in the finals by winning their main round groups while the eight play-off contenders are confirmed.




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Neil Young's $399 PonoPlayer on Sale Monday

"It's the same as an iPod except it sounds like God," Young said here at CES.




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Coronavirus May Disrupt TV, Laptop, and PC Monitor Production

Research firm IHS Markit expects the display panel factories in Wuhan, China, to struggle to resume full production when the Chinese New Year holiday ends on Feb. 2. As a result, supplies for panels for TVs and PCs are expected to be tight in the ensuing months.




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ADHD, Other Developmental Disabilities More Common in Rural Areas

Rural families are less likely to use special education or early intervention services than children living in urban areas, a new Centers for Disease Control survey reveals.




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Veteran's Day Deals: Netgear Router, Apple AirPods, Dell Monitor

The popular Netgear Nighthawk R6700 wireless router is just $68 right now. Plus, you can save on a 32-inch Dell monitor and Apple AirPods with the wireless charging case.




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Coronavirus in Scotland: UK 'to bring in 14-day quarantine' for air passengers next month

People travelling to the UK will be quarantined for two weeks upon arrival as part of measures to prevent a second peak of the coronavirus pandemic.




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The Burden of Diabetes Mellitus Among US Youth: Prevalence Estimates From the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
Oct 1, 2006; 118:1510-1518
ARTICLES




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Mortality and Neonatal Morbidity Among Infants 501 to 1500 Grams From 2000 to 2009

Jeffrey D. Horbar
Jun 1, 2012; 129:1019-1026
ARTICLES




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Validation of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Richard A. Ehrenkranz
Dec 1, 2005; 116:1353-1360
ARTICLES




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Abnormal Pulmonary Outcomes in Premature Infants: Prediction From Oxygen Requirement in the Neonatal Period

Andrew T. Shennan
Oct 1, 1988; 82:527-532
ARTICLES




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The Relation of Overweight to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Children and Adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study

David S. Freedman
Jun 1, 1999; 103:1175-1182
ARTICLES




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Palivizumab, a Humanized Respiratory Syncytial Virus Monoclonal Antibody, Reduces Hospitalization From Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in High-risk Infants

The IMpact-RSV Study Group
Sep 1, 1998; 102:531-537
ARTICLES




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Penn State Harrisburg honors student-athletes with virtual awards ceremony

Penn State Harrisburg Intercollegiate Athletics recently honored the athletic, academic, and community achievements of its student-athletes during the 2020 Student-Athlete Award Ceremony video presentation.




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Save 50 Percent on QuickBooks Payroll for 3 Months

QuickBooks Payroll offers unlimited payroll runs, automatic tax calculations, and snappy 24-hour direct deposits all handled in one app.




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Two student journalists among placewinners in Keystone Media Awards

Entries from two Penn State students were among winners in categories for professional television journalists as part of the Keystone Media Awards.




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Never Give Ransomware Scammers Your Money

A Florida city made the difficult decision to fork over the cash after ransomware hijacked city computers. Everyone needs to make their own choice, but I firmly believe you should never pay the ransom.




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Common Assessments a Test for Schools' Technology

As the two big groups of states craft common-assessment systems, experts warn that the smallest details could undermine their work.




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Common-Core Testing 2.0: Get Updated in 7 Questions

The PARCC and Smarter Balanced assessments have evolved since they were launched in 2015. Here's a guide to understanding them now.




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Remote events scheduled for Financial Literacy Month in April

The Sokolov-Miller Family Financial and Life Skills Center at Penn State has a slate of programming for Financial Literacy Month this April and is offering help to anyone in the University community who is anxious about their financial future.




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Student Activities offering virtual events this month

The Student Activities Office at Penn State Wilkes-Barre typically offers a full slate of activities for students and will continue to do so throughout April — even though the way those activities are delivered may look a little different.




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'The Vagina Monologues' coming to Penn State Beaver on Feb. 13

Penn State Beaver students will give a special performance of Eve Ensler’s "The Vagina Monologues" at 5 p.m. Feb. 13 in the Penn State Beaver auditorium. The event is open to the public.




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Bernie Sanders: We Need to Break Up Broadband Monopolies

'With no incentive to innovate or invest, these conglomerates charge sky-high internet prices to reap profits from consumers,' the Democratic Presidential candidate said in unveiling his 'high-speed internet access for all plan' on Friday.




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Virtual Spring 2020 Commencement ceremony set for May 9

Penn State York graduates will celebrate their achievements on Saturday, May 9 during the University-wide virtual commencement ceremony and with videos honoring them.




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European football stands united against COVID-19 crisis: Montenegro

  • Football association, leading football players and a club president donate funds




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SideTrak Portable Monitor

The cleverly designed SideTrak Portable Monitor gives you a second screen that can stay attached to your laptop, even while traveling.




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Deals: 32-Inch Monitor, 2TB Seagate Drive, Arlo Pro 2

A popular 32-inch Dell 1080p IPS monitor is back at $150, the 2TB Seagate expansion is only $55, and the Netgear Arlo Pro 2 four-camera kit is just $400.




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Deals: Samsung Monitors, Tablets, Dell XPS 15, Nintendo Switch

Amazon is offering up to 34 percent off Samsung monitors and tablets today. Plus, you can save on the Dell XPS 15 and pre-order Nintendo Switch Animal Crossing: New Horizons Edition.




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The Best Computer Monitors for 2020

The right display will help you make the most of your movies, your games, or your work. Here's everything you need to know when shopping for a new one. Plus, see the best monitors we've tested at a variety of sizes and price levels, backed by hundreds of deep-dive reviews.




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The Best Gaming Monitors for 2020

Elevate your game with a gaming monitor that plays as hard as you do. These are the key things to look for in a gaming display, along with our top-ranked models. We've got deep-dive reviews of the best gaming monitors on the market.




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The Best 4K Monitors for 2020

Fast becoming staples on the desks of gamers and creative pros, 4K monitors are falling in price—but getting more complicated to buy. Here's how to shop for an ultra-high-definition (UHD) display, plus our top picks, backed by deep-dive reviews.




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Dell 27 USB-C Monitor (P2720DC)

The Dell 27 USB-C Monitor (P2720DC) offers a broad port selection, a range of ergonomic features, and bright, realistic-looking colors. Its practically automatic daisy-chaining to a second display is a bonus.




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Westinghouse 32-Inch Ultra HD Home/Office Monitor

Westinghouse's 32-Inch Ultra HD Home/Office Monitor has some color-accuracy shortfalls and a limited feature set, but it does get you a large-screen 4K display at an affordable price.




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The Best Portable Monitors for 2020

Whether you're a traveling exec, a gamer, or a graphic designer, a portable second monitor can add both screen room and an extra dimension to your work or play. We tested most of the majors on the market.




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The Best Computer Monitors for Business in 2020

Tasked with buying a squadron of desktop LCD monitors for your employees, or just one for a special task? Here's what you need to know, along with our top-rated, lab-tested picks all across the price spectrum.