The Skills Outlook Scoreboard assesses the extent to which Japan is able to make the most of digitalisation. Japan’s performance is measured along 3 main dimensions: Skills for digitalisation, Digital exposure and Skills-related policy effort.

This document describes the key findings for Japan from the OECD Skills Strategy 2019.

The tertiary education system in Canada performs well in fostering a skilled workforce with generally good labour market outcomes and is internationally recognised for its research contributions.

Surveys suggest that Denmark ranks close to or slightly above the OECD average in terms of student and adult skills, even though Denmark spends more than many OECD countries on education, labour market policies and adult learning. Sluggish productivity growth over the past two decades raises the question of how to develop better skills and use them more efficiently to achieve stronger and more inclusive growth.

Canada has experienced solid economic growth since the global crisis, allowing it to reverse recession-induced job losses and put federal public finances on a sound footing, says the OECD. Growth is expected to accelerate from 2.5% this year to 2.7% in 2015.

Skills shortages have developed in certain fields and regions in recent years. Earnings premiums for people in some professions, notably health, engineering and skilled trades have increased.

Demand for jobs, characterized by skill type and industry of employment, is driven by changes in technology, trade and consumption. Using structural decomposition analysis, we study the relative importance of these drivers for the period 1995-2008.

The labour market in Russia is very flexible. This results in a high and stable overall employment rate, but also high wage inequality, informality and labour turnover, which limits incentives for firms to invest in human capital and productivity improvements.

The education system has reacted slowly to changes in labour market needs, leading to an increasing number of school leavers without sufficient qualification. In addition, declining PISA scores and a rising share of low achievers are raising concerns about the quality of the future labour force.

This paper explores the relationship between skill mismatch and public policies using micro data for 22 OECD countries from the recent OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC).

China has made impressive strides in education in recent decades, even though the accumulation of human capital has lagged behind that of physical capital. Going forward, access to and quality of education will be key to sustain economic convergence with the most advanced economies and to offset the drag exerted by population ageing.

This paper aims at gauging the skills and knowledge gap of tertiary graduates of universities and vocational colleges across China. It also looks at the employment and wage prospects of graduates with different educational backgrounds.

Educational outcomes could be improved through raising the attractiveness of the teacher profession, improving teacher education and increasing support for struggling students. A more flexible labour market would facilitate access to jobs for youth with low qualifications and immigrants.

Both educational attainment and skills, as measured in the OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), are high in Sweden. They are not perfect substitutes, but both are to some degree necessary for successfully integrating in the Swedish labour market.

France devotes a great deal of resources to vocational training for youths and especially adults, but the system is unduly complex and yields rather poor returns. The basic literacy and numeracy skills of many French adults remain weak in international comparison, with harmful effects on employment opportunities, wages and well-being.

Polish economic growth remains solid and unemployment is decreasing, but further investments in infrastructure and skills will be essential to sustain a continuing improvement in living standards, environmental quality and well-being, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Poland.

Improving education and skills is the linchpin to reduce income inequality and boost productivity growth. This paper argues that to improve, and make better use of, the skills of the labour force, Chile could gain a lot from a comprehensive and consistent Skills Strategy along three pillars: developing, activating and using skills effectively.

The Hungarian economy has expanded strongly in recent years, helped by robust exports and firm domestic demand. But incomes are among the lowest in the OECD and structural reforms will be needed to sustain growth over the medium term, strengthen business investment and better match skills to labour market needs, according to a new OECD report.

To continue catching up with living standards in other OECD countries Poland needs to invest in higher skills.

Strong and adequate skills are essential to support workers’ productivity and to ensure robust employment outcomes. Developing workers’ skills would also increase their personal satisfaction and wages, contributing in making growth more inclusive. The Netherlands performs well in terms of competences of a large part of the population. Moreover, the country has been successful in adjusting the required level of skills over time.

Policies to speed up tertiary graduation, improve work incentives and activation of the unemployed and postpone labour market exit are necessary to bring the employment rate closer to the level of other Nordics

Macro-simulations benchmarking employment in Finland to the Nordic average show that closing the large gaps in labour participation vis-à-vis the other Nordics across genders and age groups would boost employment significantly.

Based on the OECD data from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) this paper sheds light on the skills of migrants.

Skill requirements in the labour market have significantly changed over the past two decades. The restructuring of the economy is making the labour market increasingly knowledge-based.

Skill requirements in the labour market have significantly changed over the past two decades. The restructuring of the economy is making the labour market increasingly knowledge-based.

For each hour worked Portugal produces about half of the output produced in the United States.

The various deficiencies of the labour market and the educational system have resulted in high unemployment, low labour force participation, low skills levels and high skill mismatch.

Despite significant progress made, improving skills remains one of Portugal’s key challenges for raising growth, living standards and well-being.

The Slovenian economy is rebounding after a long downturn, experiencing stronger growth, declining unemployment, healthier public finances and renewed income convergence with more advanced European economies. Further reforms are now needed to increase investment, boost productivity, improve living standards and ensure that all Slovenians benefit from inclusive growth, according to a new report from the OECD.

Changing labour market demand and moving up the global value chain requires high-skilled workers.

Luxembourg’s workforce is highly skilled, reflecting the concentration in the country of sophisticated firms in the financial sector and other top-end international services.

Higher living standards and well-being, as well as convergence with more advanced economies, will depend on achieving higher productivity, which in turn would be boosted by more investment in capital.

Switzerland makes more use of its human resources than most other OECD countries. Labour force participation is high and the unemployment rate low for most segments of society.

A highly educated and skilled workforce has been an important driver of productivity performance and prosperity in Belgium.

More than a quarter of adults in the United Kingdom have low basic skills, which has a negative impact on career prospects, job quality and productivity growth.

Poland’s economic growth remains strong. Rising family benefits and a booming jobs market are lifting household income while poverty rates and inequality are falling, says a new OECD report.

The Czech economy is thriving, with robust employment, expanding exports and falling government debt. Efforts should now focus on boosting workforce skills and innovation to improve labour supply and productivity, further reduce poverty and inequality, and green the economy, according to two new OECD reports.

Korea has made significant progress towards decentralising the management of employment and training programmes, but can still do more to create stronger links with employers at the local level, according to a new OECD report.

The annual meeting of the OECD Schools of Government Network on the theme of Skills for a World Class Civil Service will be held on 6 July 2015, at the OECD in Paris.

Wages High Skilled in Australia decreased to 6120 AUD/Month in 2018 from 6250 AUD/Month in 2015. Wages High Skilled in Australia averaged 6185 AUD/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6250 AUD/Month in 2015 and a record low of 6120 AUD/Month in 2018. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Finland increased to 4250 EUR/Month in 2018 from 4230 EUR/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Finland averaged 4095 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4250 EUR/Month in 2015 and a record low of 3650 EUR/Month in 2016. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Chile increased to 1154700 CLP/Month in 2018 from 1149700 CLP/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Chile averaged 1149225 CLP/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1179700 CLP/Month in 2016 and a record low of 1112800 CLP/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Austria decreased to 3590 EUR/Month in 2018 from 4010 EUR/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Austria averaged 3827.50 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4010 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 3590 EUR/Month in 2018. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Angola increased to 211500 AOA/Month in 2018 from 209600 AOA/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Angola averaged 197225 AOA/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 211500 AOA/Month in 2018 and a record low of 179200 AOA/Month in 2016. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Argentina increased to 20500 ARS/Month in 2018 from 19500 ARS/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Argentina averaged 17450 ARS/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 20500 ARS/Month in 2018 and a record low of 13300 ARS/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Brazil increased to 4730 BRL/Month in 2018 from 4040 BRL/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Brazil averaged 4060 BRL/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4730 BRL/Month in 2018 and a record low of 3650 BRL/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Bulgaria increased to 1280 BGN/Month in 2018 from 974 BGN/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Bulgaria averaged 1000.25 BGN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1280 BGN/Month in 2018 and a record low of 826 BGN/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Czech Republic increased to 35400 CZK/Month in 2018 from 32200 CZK/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Czech Republic averaged 32050 CZK/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 35400 CZK/Month in 2018 and a record low of 29500 CZK/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Kazakhstan increased to 137400 KZT/Month in 2018 from 113400 KZT/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Kazakhstan averaged 119575 KZT/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 137400 KZT/Month in 2018 and a record low of 109800 KZT/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Mexico increased to 17200 MXN/Month in 2018 from 15600 MXN/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Mexico averaged 15400 MXN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 17200 MXN/Month in 2018 and a record low of 13700 MXN/Month in 2016. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.