A method and system of providing conditional access to encrypted content includes receiving unsolicited multiply encrypted video content and first decryption data over a broadcast network. Partially decrypted video content is obtained by decrypting a first layer of encryption of the encrypted video content using the first decryption data. The partially decrypted video content is stored. A request for viewing the encrypted video content is transmitted and second decryption data is received. A second layer of encryption of the encrypted video content is decrypted using the second decryption data.

An information handling system includes a host mapped general purpose input output (GPIO), a shared memory, a board management controller, and a cryptography engine. The host mapped GPIO includes a plurality of registers. The board management controller is in communication with the host mapped GPIO and with the shared memory, and is configured to control accessibility to the plurality of registers in the GPIO, and to control write accessibility of the shared memory based on a private key received from a basic input output system requesting accessibility to the plurality of registers and write accessibility of the shared memory. The cryptography engine is in communication with the board memory controller, and is configured to authenticate the private key received from the board management controller.

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for secure communications. In some aspects, one or more values used to generate an encryption key used to encrypt a packet are stored in a header of the packet. The packet is transmitted with the encrypted data portion in a communication. In some aspects, one or more values used to generate an encryption key are received. The encryption key is regenerated using the one or more values.

A method for making optical connections with optical waveguides includes mounting the optical waveguides or a device comprising the optical waveguides, on a component carrier. A partial region of the optical waveguides is embedded in a volume of resist material. Positions of the optical waveguides to be connected are detected with reference to a coordinate system using a measuring system. Favorable, three-dimensional geometries are determined for optical waveguide structures for connecting the optical waveguides to each other at predetermined connecting locations and the optical waveguide structure geometries are converted to a machine-readable dataset. The optical waveguide geometries in the volume of the resist material are three-dimensionally structured using a direct-writing lithography device operating on the basis of the machine-readable dataset. The structured resist material is treated using physical or chemical methods to form at least one optical waveguide structure having ends connected to predetermined connecting locations of the optical waveguides.

A method for making an elastomeric apertured web comprises providing a precursor web comprising a laminate which is subjected to incremental stretching to form an elastomeric precursor web. A forming apparatus is provided comprising a first member and a second member, wherein the first member comprises a mating member, and the second member comprises teeth which are joined to the second member. The elastomeric precursor web is moved through the forming apparatus, wherein apertures are formed in the elastomeric precursor web material as the teeth on the second member penetrate the mating member forming an elastomeric apertured web. The elastomeric apertured web exhibits a WVTR of at least about 1000 g/m2/day.

A tool system for moulding an article is provided which comprising a tool (100) having a tool surface (104) for forming an article, the tool surface comprising a plurality of tool zones (106). Heating and cooling means (102a) are independently associated with at least some of said tool zones (106). A control means is adapted to control the heating and cooling means (102a) to individually heat or cool the tool zones (106) having heating and cooling means (102a) associated therewith so as to regulate the heat transfer into and out of the article at each tool zone (106) at any particular time throughout the moulding process.

An injection tool for the production of components by an injection-molding method, the injection tool including several cavities for shaping one respective product, an injection nozzle for injecting plastic materials for each cavity, and an actuating device. The injection nozzle has an injection channel which can be closed by a nozzle needle in order to control the injection process. The actuating device is arranged to move the nozzle needle in an axial direction between a first end position and a second end position, with an adjustable stop being provided which defines the first end position.

Disclosed is a negative C-type retardation compensator for a liquid crystal display. The negative C-type retardation compensator for the liquid crystal display includes polyarlate having a thio group or a sulfur oxide group in a polymer main chain thereof. Accordingly, the retardation compensator has an absolute value of negative retardation that is larger in a thickness direction that a retardation compensator which includes polyarylate having no thio group or sulfur oxide group in a polymer main chain thereof even though the retardation compensator having the thio group or sulfur oxide group and the retardation compensator having no thio group or sulfur oxide group are the same as each other in thickness. Thereby, the negative C-type retardation compensator for liquid crystal displays is capable of being desirably applied to the liquid crystal displays.

An information storage medium storing subtitle text-based information, and a method and apparatus utilizing same, process a subtitle The information storage medium includes: dialog information which contains script text information of the subtitle and information specifying an output type of the script text; and presentation information which contains style information used to convert the script text into a bitmap format through rendering. With this structure, the amount of data required for a subtitle and the amount of data that should be processed when a subtitle is output may be greatly reduced.

Various arrangements for managing television programming storage at a television receiver are presented. User input specifying a number of days for retention of each managed array of a plurality of managed arrays of television channels to be recorded by the television receiver may be received. A television service provider may select a plurality of television channels for recording as the plurality of managed arrays of television channels. Also, the television service provider may define times for recording of the plurality of television channels of the plurality of managed arrays of television channels. A first amount of storage space for storage of the plurality of managed arrays of television channels may be calculated based on the number of days for retention. The first amount of storage space of a storage medium to the plurality of managed arrays of television channels may be allocated.

A method for automatically detecting, eliminating and replacing flash frames in digital video utilizes the detected flash frames to categorize and tag the surrounding frames as a relevant area of the digital video. The flash frame is detected when acquiring digital video during capture, the flash frame is replaced with a newly-constructed frame that is interpolated based upon surrounding frames and then, using the detected flash as the timestamp, the frame is tagged.

Methods and apparatuses for presenting targeted advertisements to DVR users are described. After a DVR has finished playing a recorded television program, or in response to other specified events, the DVR presents a screen which comprises a “save or delete” menu. In addition to the “save” and “delete” options, the menu additionally comprises one or more other options. Each of these other options may correspond to a separate promotional item. For example, a user's selection of such an option may cause the DVR to display or play an advertisement on the user's television set. Additionally or alternatively, these other options, when selected by a user, may cause the DVR to display a user interface through which the user can actually purchase a product or service. The product or service advertised or offered may be one that was featured or referenced in the television program that the user was just watching.

A data recording and reproducing apparatus supporting multi-path recording reproduction, and an information storage medium on which multi-path data is recorded. The information storage medium includes at least one clip that is a recording unit containing presentation data for respective paths, wherein presentation data in a selected path is continuously reproduced without changing paths, and additional path information regarding a block of the path is recorded separately from the presentation data. Accordingly, it is possible to more effectively use a recording space and reduce the frequency of jumping to clips, thereby effectively reading the multi-path presentation data from the information storage medium.

A system that enables an event or moments within an event to be captured and provided in a record that preserves at least some aspects of the participant's perspective of the event. In particular, the present invention involves centralized recording of the event in one or more modes including video, audio, and still image recordings and a system that enables a participant (i.e., one who perceives the event) to select portions of the event recording substantially contemporaneously with the event occurrence. A personalized record is made by duplicating the selected portions from the event record. In a particular example, the personalized record is recorded on a digital media such as a compact disc (CD) or digital video disk (DVD) or the like.

Systems and methods to position and play content. The system renders a first content segment to an output device at an accelerated speed for the first content segment. Next, the system receives a request to play the first content segment from the beginning of the first content segment at a normal speed for the first content segment. Next, the system automatically positions to the beginning of the first content segment based on position information that is associated with the first content segment. Finally, the system renders the first content segment to the output device from the beginning of the first content segment at a normal speed for the first content segment.

A television receiver including a tuner and one or more processors may be presented. The television receiver may be configured to tune the tuner to a television channel. The television receiver may be configured to create and store an omnibus channel file containing a plurality of television programs broadcast consecutively on the television channel over a period of time. The television receiver may be configured to, after a predefined period of time, select the omnibus channel file for deletion. The television receiver may be configured to determine a television program to receive extended storage. The television receiver may be configured to store a portion of the omnibus channel file as an individual program file, wherein the portion of the omnibus channel file corresponds to the television program. The television receiver may be configured to, after storing the portion of the omnibus channel file, delete the omnibus channel file.

A cutting bit adapted to cut wood or metal is disclosed. The cutting bit is prepared by a process which includes the step of performing a forming operation on a metal blank so as to create a formed metal part that includes (i) a shaft having a polygonal shaped drive surface and defining an axis, (ii) a body having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end of the body being attached to the shaft, the body further having a first shoulder and a second shoulder at the distal end thereof, the first shoulder defining a first cutting edge segment, and the second shoulder defining a second cutting edge segment, the axis extending between the first cutting edge segment and the second cutting edge segment, (iii) a central cutting member extending from the body so that the central cutting member is aligned with the axis, (iv) a first cutting spur extending from the distal end of the body, the first cutting edge segment being interposed between the first cutting spur and the axis, and (v) a second cutting spur extending from the distal end of the body, the second cutting edge segment being interposed between the second cutting spur and the axis. The process of preparing the cutting bit further includes the step of performing a carburization operation on the formed metal part after the first step so as to create the cutting bit. The cutting bit is particularly useful in performing a drilling operation on a metal construction wall stud to form a hole therein.

A rotary cutting tool includes a first end defined by a cutting profile and structured to perform cutting operations on a workpiece. The cutting tool also includes an opposite second end structured to be mounted in a machine tool, a central longitudinal axis extending between the first and second ends, and a generally cylindrical body disposed about the central longitudinal axis between the first end and the opposite second end. The cutting profile includes a first portion adjacent the central longitudinal axis and disposed generally at a first angle relative to the central longitudinal axis; a second portion adjacent the first portion and disposed generally at a second angle relative to the central longitudinal axis; and a third portion adjacent the second portion and disposed generally at a third angle relative to the central longitudinal axis. The second angle is greater than both the first and third angles.

A cutting tool holder has a holder body and upper and base jaws. An insert receiving pocket is defined between the upper and base jaw, for receiving a cutting insert therein. A resilience recess allows the upper jaw to deflect toward the base jaw. An upper jaw coolant channel has an upper jaw inlet, opening out to the resilience recess, and an upper jaw outlet, opening out to a front end of the upper jaw. A holder body coolant channel has a holder body outlet, opening out to the resilience recess, spaced apart from the upper jaw inlet. A compressible tool coolant plug, made of compressible material, is inserted into the resilience recess. The plug has a plug coolant channel opening out toward the upper jaw inlet and the holder body outlet, forming a fluid path from the holder body coolant channel to the upper jaw coolant channel.

A rotary-driven tool for cutting machining, in particular a drilling tool with a cutting body and a holder with a shaft piece is disclosed, with at least a cutter and a dovetail-shaped region on the cutting body and a matching dovetail recess on the holder. The cutting body can only be inserted in the holder laterally to a longitudinal axis of the holder. In order to fix the cutting body, opposing flank sections of the dovetail recess, between which the dovetail-shaped region fits can be moved over each other by means of a screw connection in the holder and on fixing the cutting body said body is subjected to a force on the axial direction by the screw connection. In one aspect, the cutting body is a cutting head and the axial force is exclusively generated by the dovetail-shaped region in cooperation with the dovetail recess in the holder.

A cutting tool has at least one cutting tool support pad. The cutting tool support pad includes two opposing primary surfaces, each primary surface includes an abutment surface and at least one convex contact surface. For each primary surface, the at least one contact surface extends outwardly further than the abutment surface.

A cutting head has a resilient male coupling member. The cutting head has a central resilience slit that extends between two major surfaces and opens out to the male coupling member and at least one lateral resilience slit that extends between the two major surfaces and opens out to a base surface. The central resilience slit and the at least one lateral resilience slit each have forwardmost points, located forward of the base surface. Also, a cutting tool that has a tool holder with the cutting head secured thereto. The tool holder has an insert pocket that includes a forward facing holder base abutment surface that has a female coupling member. In a locked position, the male coupling member is resiliently retained in the female coupling member. All points on the male coupling member are under deflection.

A cutting tool has a tool shank and a replaceable cutting head resiliently secured to the tool shank by an interference fit between a male fixation member of the cutting head and a female fixation member of the tool shank. The male fixation member has a resilience slit. In each cross section of the cutting tool taken perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the cutting tool through mutual abutment regions, the cross sectional profiles of the mutual abutment regions are arcuate sectors.

A multiple tool device, particularly adapted to prepare tubular elements to be welded by electrofusion, comprising a cup member which is associable with the end portion of a tubular element and is provided with motion transmission means adapted to turn the multiple tool device. The particularity of the present invention resides in that it comprises scraper means adapted to remove the outer surface layer of the end portion and facing means which have a working motion that is opposite with respect to the preceding means and are adapted to face the edge of the end portion so as to make it perpendicular to the axis of the tubular element.

Material removal tool (100), such as for forming surfaces of valve seats, includes an integral or separable reduced diameter circumferential insert housing (106) including a plurality of inserts (120) bonded thereto. The plurality of inserts (120) include cutting surfaces (122) at different axial and radial positions relative to the axis (112) of the material removal tool (100). Cutting surfaces (122) at different axial and radial positions are arranged at different angles to the axis (112), and at least one cutting surface (122) on at least one insert is at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to the axis (112). Cutting surfaces (122) can be located on one insert-type or different insert-types and can have different combinations of cutting surfaces (122). When arranged circumferentially on the insert housing (106), a N-effective material removal tool (100) is formed. Methods of machining using the N-effective material removal tool (100) is also disclosed.

Chips are segmented to have a desired width and the chip controllability is improved and the tool rigidity is improved. A drilling tool is provided that includes: a tool body; a chip discharge groove formed at the outer periphery of the tool body; at least one sub-groove formed at an inner face facing the front side in the tool rotation direction T of the chip discharge groove; a rake face; a tip end flank face; and a cutting edge formed at a ridge line at which the tip end flank face intersects with the rake face. The plurality of rake faces form a step-like shape having at least one step section. The drilling tool is configured so that the turnup section of the sub-groove is turned up in a different direction from the direction along which the turnup section of the chip discharge groove is turned up.

A cutting head having a cutting end and an opposite coupling end along a longitudinal cutting head axis; having a cutting head length; and including two major surfaces and a peripheral surface. A male coupling portion extends rearwards from the coupling end, between a base portion and a rear surface, with a circumferential peripheral surface, having a coupling length. A flexibility slot extends from the rear surface opening to the major surfaces, along the cutting head axis, having a slot length and a head slot length. The coupling length is equal to or less than half the head slot length, and the slot length is equal to or greater than half the cutting head length. The cutting head is self-clamped into a tool shank with female coupling portion, by a friction fit between the male and female portion peripheral surfaces, causing the cutting head to elastically deform.

A material removal having a plurality of cartridges mounted on an active portion where a plurality of seating members mounted in each of the plurality of cartridges pivots about an axis between a retracted position and an extended position is disclosed. Alternative embodiments have a single pivotable seating member. The pivotable extending seating members operate to extend and retract in a scissors-like motion and enable compact and efficient machining operation, particularly for crank shaft bearing supports.

At a contact step in a tool radius adjusting method, a reference portion of a movable body provided radially movably on a housing of a boring tool and a position adjusting reference member fixed on a machine tool are brought into contact by sliding the movable body relative to the housing so that the position of a cutting blade comes to a predetermined position in a direction to go away from a rotational axis. Then, at an adjusting step, the position of the cutting blade relative to the rotational axis is adjusted by changing the relative position between a tool spindle holding the boring tool and the position adjusting reference member in a direction to come close to each other by drive mechanisms of the machine tool used for positioning a spindle head with the tool spindle relative to a workpiece in machining the workpiece with the cutting blade.

A composite resistor includes a thin film resistor element having a first temperature coefficient of resistance and a metal resistor element having a second temperature coefficient of resistance. A portion of the metal resistor element overlaps a portion of the thin film resistor element such that the portion of the metal resistor element is in thermal communication with the portion of the thin film resistor element to compensate for a resistance drift arising during operation of the composite resistor.

A chip thermistor has a thermistor portion including a ceramic material containing respective metal oxides of Mn, Ni, and Co as major ingredients; a pair of composite portions including a composite material of Ag—Pd, and respective metal oxides of Mn, Ni, and Co and arranged on both sides of the thermistor portion so as to sandwich in the thermistor portion between the composite portions; and external electrodes connected to the pair of composite portions, respectively. In this manner, the pair of composite portions are used as bulk electrodes and, for this reason, the resistance of the chip thermistor can be adjusted mainly with consideration to the resistance in the thermistor portion without need for much consideration to the distance between the external electrodes and other factors.

A temperature detector for a contact thermometer of process measurement technology having a thermowell, at least one thermal sensor element arranged in a process-side end of the thermowell, and at least one electrical connecting means connected to the thermal sensor element with a first connection side and extending in the thermowell at least up to an evaluation-side end of the thermowell, so that the thermal sensor element can be electrically contacted via a second connection side of the electrical connecting means, and in which the electrical connecting means is formed by a connection printed circuit board with conducting paths.

A surface mounting varistor for high voltages and current pulses without any risk of burning a mounting board is provided. A covering material for a varistor 1 has a duplex (two layer) structure made from a first mold layer 13 and a second mold layer 15, and a leg with a predetermined height is formed on the bottom of the covering material. As a result, a space (void) formed between a varistor element 2 and a mounting board 20 when the varistor 1 is mounted on the board 20 allows avoidance of the risk of burning the board 20, even if the varistor short-circuits.

A resistance-type touch panel includes a first electrode plate and the second electrode plate spaced from and opposite to the first electrode plate. The first electrode plate includes a first substrate and a first transparent conductive layer. The second electrode plate includes a second substrate and a second transparent conductive layer. The first transparent conductive layer includes a carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film includes a number of carbon nanotube wires substantially parallel with each other and a number of carbon nanotube clusters located between the number of carbon nanotube wires. The carbon nanotube wires extend along an X direction and are spaced from each other along a Y direction. The carbon nanotube clusters between each adjacent two of the carbon nanotube wires are spaced from each other along the X direction. The X direction is intercrossed with the Y direction.

A device for inputting command signals to a marine vessel control system includes a lever that is selectively operable in a joystick mode and a lever mode. In the lever mode, the lever is confined to pivoting about a horizontal axis to thereby input throttle and shift commands to the control system. In the joystick mode, the lever is freely pivotable in all directions away from a vertical axis that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis to thereby input throttle, shift, and directional commands to the control system.

According to one embodiment, a touch panel includes first interconnections, second interconnections, sensor units and a control unit. The first interconnections are arranged along a first direction, and extend along a second direction intersecting with the first direction. The second interconnections are arranged along a third direction intersecting with the first direction, and extend along a fourth direction intersecting with the third direction. The sensor units are provided in intersection portions of the first and second interconnections, include first and second ferromagnetic layers, and an intermediate layer, allow a current to be passed, and have one end connected to the first interconnections and another end connected to the second interconnections. The control unit is connected to the first and second interconnections. An electric resistance of the sensor units changes in accordance with a stress applied. The control unit senses a change in the electric resistance.

An electromagnetic field measuring apparatus capable of measuring an electromagnetic field for a minuscule area in which electronic devices are densely packed with a high sensitivity is provided. In an electromagnetic field measuring apparatus according to the present invention, the amplitude level of signal light (pf) is adjusted by the analyzer (34) by adjusting its angle with respect to the plane of polarization of the signal light (pf) based on an amplitude level control signal (eb) supplied from the calculation control unit (40). An amplitude level control signal (eb) is supplied from the calculation control unit (40) to the analyzer (34) based on the spectrum (ea) of an electric signal (ed) measured by an RF spectrum analyzer (39). The amplitude level ration between the carrier and the sideband contained in the signal light (ph) incident on the optical receiver (38) is controlled to a fixed value.

A chip resistor includes an insulating substrate, top terminal electrodes formed on top surface of the substrate using silver-based cermet, bottom electrodes, resistive element that is situated between the top terminal electrodes and overlaps them partially, an optional internal protective coating that covers resistive element completely or partially, an external protective coating that covers completely the internal protection coating and partially covers top terminal electrodes, a plated layer of nickel that covers face sides of the substrate, top and bottom electrodes, and overlaps partially external protective coating, finishing plated layer that covers nickel layer. The overlap of nickel layer and external protective layer possesses a sealing property because of metallization of the edges of external protective layer prior to the nickel plating process.

The present disclosure provides a high-temperature thermal pellet composition that maintains structural rigidity up to a transition temperature of about 240° C. The composition comprises at least one organic compound (e.g., triptycene or 1-aminoanthroquinone). The pellet can be disposed in a housing of a thermally-actuated, current cutoff device, such as a high-temperature thermal cutoff device (HTTCO). Also provided are material systems, which include the pellet composition and a high-temperature seal that provides substantial sealing up to at least the transition temperature. Methods of making such high-temperature pellet compositions and incorporating them into a thermally-actuated, current cutoff device are also provided.

A controller for a DC motor comprises an output switching element configured to couple to the DC motor; an input switching element coupled to the output switching element; a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal coupled to a control terminal of the input switching element and a supply voltage applied to the output switching element. A resistive-capacitive (RC) network may be coupled to a control terminal of the output switching element, with the RC network being configured to integrate the PWM signal into a DC voltage. A first resistive network may be configured to set a bias for the output switching element when the input switching element is turned off, and a second resistive network may be configured to set the bias for the output switching element when the input switching element is turned on, such that the controller is effective to provide zero-to-full supply voltage control to the DC motor.

It is an object to provide a configuration with an enhanced sensing accuracy, in which a shunt resistance main body and a terminal member are formed as separate pieces. A shunt resistor includes a resistance main body and a terminal member (21) that is electrically connected to the resistance main body. The terminal member (21) includes a resistance connection portion (23) to be in contact with the resistance main body, and a circuit connection portion (24) provided so as to extend from the resistance connection portion (23). The circuit connection portion (24) is divided into two parts by a slit (27) being formed therein. The slit (27) is formed up to a part of the resistance connection portion (23).

A method of manufacturing a chip resistor includes forming a resistor assembly in which a conductive member including portions separated from each other in a first direction is provided in a resistance body member; and dividing the resistor assembly into chip resistors, each including a chip-shaped resistance body formed by a part of the resistance body member, a pair of main electrodes formed by a part of the conductive member and separated from each other in the first direction, and a pair of sub-electrodes formed by a part of the conductive member, separated from each other in the first direction, and adjacent to the main electrodes in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction with concave portions recessed in the first direction interposed therebetween, by punching.

The object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus that allow production of metal plate chip resistors having a relatively low resistance with high accuracy and yield through simple process. The object is achieved by apparatus for manufacturing metal plate chip resistors including cutting mold for cutting intermediate product strip transversely to obtain worked product chip, ohm meter for measuring the resistance of the worked product chip, control device having a calculating part for performing a calculation using the resistance measured by the ohm meter to work out a width in which the strip is to be cut transversely so as to obtain a worked product chip of a desired resistance, and cutting width adjustor for making an adjustment so that the strip is to be cut transversely in the width obtained from the calculating part.

Provided is a resistive element which has excellent inrush current resistance, and can suppress heat generation in a steady state. The resistive element has an element main body of a semiconductor ceramic in which the main constituent has a structure of R11-xR2xBaMn2O6 in which 0.05≦x≦1.0 when R1 is Nd and R2 is at least one of Sm, Eu and Gd; 0.05≦x≦0.8 when R1 is Nd and R2 is at least one of Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Y; 0≦x≦0.4 when R1 is at least one of Sm, Eu, and Gd and R2 is at least one of Tb, Dy, Ho, and Y; and 0≦x≦1.0 when R1 is at least one of Sm, Eu, and Gd and R2 is at least one of Sm, Eu, and Gd, but the Sm, Eu, and/or Gd in R1 is different from that in R2.

There is provided an array type chip resistor including: a chip body, four pairs of lower electrodes disposed on both sides of a lower surface of the chip body and formed so as to be extended to edges of the chip body, side electrodes formed so that the lower electrodes are extended to sides of the chip body, and a resistor interposed between the lower electrodes on the lower surface of the chip body and electrically connected to the lower electrode through a contact portion, wherein when a width of the side electrode is defined as d1, a distance between adjacent side electrodes is defined as d2, and a height of the side electrode is defined as h, in the case in which d1/d2 is 0.5 to 1.5, a value of h is 4,300/d1 μm or above and is 0.24d2+87.26 μm or less.

A surface mount chip resistor for increasing power handling capabilities of radio frequency (RF) circuits and for minimizing parasitic capacitance and inductance effects, the chip resistor includes a ceramic substrate having a main portion and an outrigger. A resistor element is between an input contact and an output contact on a top surface of the main portion. A ground plane attachment area is on a top surface of the outrigger. The ground plane attachment area is mounted to a ground plane of a circuit board to provide a heat pathway for dissipating heat generated by the resistor element.

There are provided a chip resistor and a method of manufacturing the same. The chip resistor includes a ceramic substrate; an adhesion portion formed on a surface of the ceramic substrate; and a resistor formed on the adhesion portion, wherein the adhesion portion includes at least one of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and copper-nickel (Cu—Ni).

An electronic power apparatus is provided, including a circuit board having a conductive pads and a sense pad coupled to an output signal, and an actuator having a wiper portion accommodating a conductive wiper. The wiper includes a first end arranged to engage the sense pad and a second end arranged to slidably engage at least one of the conductive pads on the circuit board. The conductive pads are arranged in a first row of conductive pads and a second row of conductive pads in parallel with and at a distance to the first row of conductive pads. An alignment of the second row of conductive pads is offset with respect to the first row of conductive pads.

A touch panel includes a touch sensor layer including a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode, wherein an arrangement direction of the first transparent electrode can be perpendicular to that of the second transparent electrode, and both of the first and second transparent electrodes include two transparent metallic patterns which are stacked and electrically connected to each other.

An elastomeric particle (1, 1, 1″) comprises a non-conducting elastomeric body (2) having an electrically conducting surface (4a, 4b, 6). Pressure sensor elements (20, 20', 20″; 30, 30', 30″, 30'″) comprising such elastomeric particles are disclosed, as well as sensor clusters (50″, 50'″, 50IV, 50V, 50VI, 50VII, 70) comprising such sensor elements. There is also disclosed a pressure sensor element (40, 40', 40″, 40'″, 40IV, 40V, 40VI, 40VII), comprising a resistive element (44, 44', 44″) providing a conduction path, a first electrode (42a, 42a-1, 42a-2, 42a-3, 42a-4, 42a-5, 42a-6), connected to the resistive element, a second electrode (42b, 42b'), which in a quiescent state is spaced from said first electrode, wherein the second electrode, when the pressure sensor element is subjected to a pressure, is arranged to contact said first electrode or said resistive element. Systems comprising such sensor elements and sensor clusters are disclosed, as well as methods of their fabrication.