Fiona Doetsch
Jul 1, 1997; 17:5046-5061
Articles

P Seguela
Feb 1, 1993; 13:596-604
Articles

John D. Cahoy
Jan 2, 2008; 28:264-278
Cellular

French translation of the press release about the Basel Committee publishing a discussion paper on "The regulatory treatment of sovereign exposures" (7 December 2017)

To determine whether Cav1.2 voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels contribute to astrocyte activation, we generated an inducible conditional knock-out mouse in which the Cav1.2 α subunit was deleted in GFAP-positive astrocytes. This astrocytic Cav1.2 knock-out mouse was tested in the cuprizone model of myelin injury and repair which causes astrocyte and microglia activation in the absence of a lymphocytic response. Deletion of Cav1.2 channels in GFAP-positive astrocytes during cuprizone-induced demyelination leads to a significant reduction in the degree of astrocyte and microglia activation and proliferation in mice of either sex. Concomitantly, the production of proinflammatory factors such as TNFα, IL1β and TGFβ1 was significantly decreased in the corpus callosum and cortex of Cav1.2 knock-out mice through demyelination. Furthermore, this mild inflammatory environment promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells maturation and myelin regeneration across the remyelination phase of the cuprizone model. Similar results were found in animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS. Mice of either sex injected with nimodipine during the demyelination stage of the cuprizone treatment displayed a reduced number of reactive astrocytes and showed a faster and more efficient brain remyelination. Together, these results indicate that Cav1.2 Ca²⁺ channels play a crucial role in the induction and proliferation of reactive astrocytes during demyelination; and that attenuation of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca²⁺ influx may be an effective therapy to reduce brain inflammation and promote myelin recovery in demyelinating diseases.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reducing voltage-gated Ca²⁺ influx in astrocytes during brain demyelination significantly attenuates brain inflammation and astrocyte reactivity. Furthermore, these changes promote myelin restoration and oligodendrocyte maturation throughout remyelination.

For visually guided navigation, the use of environmental cues is essential. Particularly, detecting local boundaries that impose limits to locomotion and estimating their location is crucial. In a series of three fMRI experiments, we investigated whether there is a neural coding of navigational distance in the human visual cortex (both female and male). We used virtual reality software to systematically manipulate the distance from a viewer perspective to different types of a boundary. Using a multivoxel pattern classification employing a linear support vector machine, we found that the occipital place area (OPA) is sensitive to the navigational distance restricted by the transparent glass wall. Further, the OPA was sensitive to a non-crossable boundary only, suggesting an importance of the functional constraint of a boundary. Together, we propose the OPA as a perceptual source of external environmental features relevant for navigation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT One of major goals in cognitive neuroscience has been to understand the nature of visual scene representation in human ventral visual cortex. An aspect of scene perception that has been overlooked despite its ecological importance is the analysis of space for navigation. One of critical computation necessary for navigation is coding of distance to environmental boundaries that impose limit on navigator's movements. This paper reports the first empirical evidence for coding of navigational distance in the human visual cortex and its striking sensitivity to functional constraint of environmental boundaries. Such finding links the paper to previous neurological and behavioral works that emphasized the distance to boundaries as a crucial geometric property for reorientation behavior of children and other animal species.

The USS Barb had an unusual target in its sights in 1945 - one that wasn't even in the water. It was a Japanese supply train on the island of Karafuto

Winds on WASP-76b blow gaseous iron into cooler regions, where it condenses and falls to the planet’s surface as liquid

The exact molecule behind the Minamata mercury disaster, caused by a chemical plant’s wastewater, remains a point of disagreement

Precious data points logged on paper are in dire need of a hero. Could it be you?

Mary Pearson, who was briefly engaged to the writer's brother, may be the real-life counterpart of Lydia Bennet from "Pride and Prejudice"

Doctors and nurses are attaching smiling photos of themselves to the outside of their protective gear to maintain connections with patients

New research reveals the ancient symbiotic relationship behind geosmin, the chemical compound responsible for the scent of fresh rain

Researchers are attempting to teach eight dogs to detect the pandemic, which could help quickly screen large numbers of people in public places

Wood used to build the secret passageway came from a tree felled in 1874, according to a new analysis

The quarantined felines of the world are coming for your screens

A banded anole from the Amazon rainforest, these lizards live in the trees and rely on their excellent camouflage to stay safe.

Tucked away in southeastern Washington is an agricultural area with a unique topography. Known as the Palouse, this area is primarily noted for growing grains. This grain elevator located in Steptoe is one of the more popular subjects to photograph.

Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) have identified the person struck and killed by a train in Kenora on Wednesday as 18-year-old Tyrease Payash, of Kenora.

Provincial Police have a suspect in custody after a firearms incident Thursday morning at the hospital in the small northwestern Ontario community of Rainy River.

The Computer Emergency Response Team of Mauritius (CERT-MU) in collaboration with the Command and Control Centre of Kenya organised a 3-day training programme on Cyber Defense Monitoring and Forensics at Voilà Hotel, Bagatelle from the 27^th February – 1^st March 2018. The training course provided an introduction to Network Security Monitoring (NSM), Security Information and Events Management (SIEM), Malware Analysis and Digital Forensics. Major part of the course was hands-on case studies and analysis exercises using real world data. The main focus of the training programme was on intensive hands-on sessions on addressing key challenges faced by local organizations in all sectors/industries. A wide range of commercial and open source tools were used to equip cyber defenders with the necessary skills to anticipate, detect, respond and contain adversaries. The training programme was followed by 23 participants from the public and private sector. 


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"Since my childhood, I have been anxious about missing out. I remember not wanting to sleep whenever I heard the adults chatting in the night. I wanted to be part of it all. Later on, in high school, I said “yes” to every event and outing, which ended up crashing so many times. I couldn’t choose. I wanted to be there to celebrate all the fun moments but also share all the tears in the low moments," says Ivy. "However, this lifestyle of being afraid of missing out could not continue when I joined missions. I have had to learn how to let go when I miss out on opportunities to create precious memories with family and friends in my home country."

On Day 4 of TeenStreet, over 1,200 runners raised money in the RAG race in order to help teen refugees in Europe and support new TeenStreets around the world.

A protein shredder that occurs in cell membranes of brain cells apparently also indirectly regulates the fat metabolism.

A dead body was found along the CP Rail line near Molson, Manioba, RCMP say.

Earlier this week, Manitoba's premier announced $200 cheques for seniors to help pay for increased costs during the COVID-19 pandemic. But some wonder if there is a better way to help those in need.

The union that represents thousands of Manitoba workers is asking what safety protocols were in place when a construction worker was killed after a trench wall collapsed on him earlier this week.

Some Prince Edward Islanders are raising concerns about returning to work under the province's plan to ease back COVID-19 restrictions, but if they choose to stay home they could lose financial support from the federal government.

Almost every movie reminds Trump of … something it’s not.

The Canadian three-time world champion figure skater displayed his four-wheeler driving skills as part of the Americares Blades for the Brave fundraiser for front-line workers.

The Canadian four-time world champion figure skater hammed it up along with fellow Canadian skater Kaitlyn Weaver, to raise funds for the United Nation's COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund.

The World pairs champion and Olympic gold medallist played the piano during a special hosted by fellow Canadian figure skater Kaitlyn Weaver, to raise funds for the United Nation's COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund.

The 19-year-old has declared for the 2020 NBA Draft. If selected he would become the first player out of CEGEP program in Quebec to make the leap directly to the world's top basketball league.

Sufi singer Radhika Sood Nayak has composed and sung her new song 'AsāN', through which she aims to raise funds for the people affected by the COVID-19 pandemic

Teenaged Edmonton soccer star Alphonso Davies said he welcomes being a role model to young kids and wants to put his platform to good use.

Clunky at times, poignant at others, and exceptionally entertaining in spots, the NFL draft entered its third and final day with Cincinnati selecting an Appalachian State linebacker on Saturday.

This summer nearly 1,000 Roma children in Roma villages throughout Central and Eastern Europe heard the Gospel.

Windsor's unemployment rate soared even higher in April, according to Statistics Canada numbers released Friday. 

A train killed 14 migrant workers who had fallen asleep on the track in India on Friday while they were heading back to their home village after losing their jobs amid the coronavirus lockdown, police said.

Cardinal Robert Sarah, head of the Vatican's liturgy office, claims he never signed a petition claiming the coronavirus is an over-hyped "pretext" to deprive the faithful of Mass.

Terry Roggensack, The Hightower Report

Virginia McGathey, www.VirginiaMcGathey.com

Virginia McGathey, www.VirginiaMcGathey.com

Terry Roggensack, The Hightower Report

Virginia McGathey, www.VirginiaMcGathey.com