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Geographic inequalities in need and provision of social prescribing link workers a retrospective study in primary care

BackgroundLong-term health conditions are major challenges for care systems. Social prescribing link workers have been introduced via primary care networks (PCNs) across England since 2019 to address the wider determinants of health by connecting individuals to activities, groups, or services within their local community.AimTo assess whether the rollout of social prescribing link workers was in areas with the highest need.Design and settingA retrospective study of social prescribing link workers in England from 2019 to 2023.MethodWorkforce, population, survey, and area-level data at the PCN-level from April 2020 to October 2023 were combined. Population need before the rollout of link workers was measured using reported lack of support from local services in the 2019 General Practice Patient Survey. To assess if rollout reflected need, linear regression was used to relate provision of link workers (measured by full-time equivalent [FTE] per 10 000 patients) in each quarter to population need for support.ResultsPopulations in urban, more deprived areas and with higher proportions of people from minority ethnic groups had the highest reported lack of support. Geographically these were in the North West and London. Initially, there was no association between need and provision; then from July 2022, this became negative and significant. By October 2023, a 10-percentage point higher need for support was associated with a 0.035 (95% confidence interval = −0.634 to −0.066) lower FTE per 10 000 patients.ConclusionRollout of link workers has not been sufficiently targeted at areas with the highest need. Future deployments should be targeted at those areas.




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RPG Cast – Episode 744: “11.5-Bit Graphics”

Chris is unmasked as The Corporate Body. Tam talks about anime and waifus. Kelley is excited about text size. Josh explains the meaning of "time to shipwreck." Subscribe to our latest offering, The Monthly Litterbox.

The post RPG Cast – Episode 744: “11.5-Bit Graphics” appeared first on RPGamer.




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AMD partners launch Radeon RX 6600 graphics cards

$329/£300 graphics card is said to be "future ready" for your 1080p gaming needs.




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An Overview of ODS Statistical Graphics in SAS 9.4

 This paper presents the essential information that you need to get started with ODS Graphics in SAS 9.4.




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Upcoming Online Events with Gareth Hinds for the GRACELING Graphic Novel!

Hi again folks. Just announcing some upcoming events for the release of Gareth Hinds' graphic novel adaptation of Graceling:

Tuesday, November 16, 7pm - East City Books, online, Gareth Hinds and Kristin Cashore in conversation.

Friday, November 19, 7pm - Oblong Books, online, Gareth Hinds and Kristin Cashore in conversation.

Saturday, November 20, 3pm - Books of Wonder, online, Gareth Hinds, Makiia Lucier (Year of the Reaper), and Kristin Cashore in conversation.

Saturday, November 27, 6pm - An Unlikely Story, Plainville MA -- this event is in-person + Facebook and is just Gareth -- I will not be there -- but that means Gareth will do more drawing and process stuff!

You can pre-order signed copies now from any of those stores. Follow the links to order books or sign up for the events. Hope to see you there!

 


 




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Happy Book Birthday to Gareth Hinds and Graceling the Graphic Novel!

Today, Gareth Hinds's beautiful graphic novel adaptation of Graceling hits stores. Join us for an event! Here's a link to all your options.






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Go Beyond The Basics! Your Ultimate Graphic Eyeliner Guide For Glam Diwali

The festival of lights, Diwali, is the ideal time to try out striking makeup looks that capture the joyous glimmer. Graphic eyeliner is a popular trend this season that gives traditional clothing a dramatic and contemporary touch. You can achieve a




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Watching, Waiting : The Photographic Representation of Empty Places [Electronic book] / Sandra Križić Roban, Ana Šverko.

[s.l.] : Universitaire Pers Leuven, 2023.




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Time for mapping : Cartographic temporalities [Electronic book] / ed. by Sybille Lammes, Chris Perkins, Daniel Evans, Sam Hind, Clancy Wilmott, Alex Gekker.

Manchester : Manchester University Press, [2018]




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Katherine Dunham : recovering an anthropological legacy, choreographing ethnographic futures [Electronic book] / edited by Elizabeth Chin.

Santa Fe : School for Advanced Research Press, [2014]




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Digital places : living with geographic information technologies [Electronic book] / Michael R. Curry.

London ; New York : Routledge, 1998.




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The Black Geographic : Praxis, Resistance, Futurity [Electronic book] / ed. by Camilla Hawthorne, Jovan Scott Lewis.

Durham : Duke University Press, [2023]




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Beyond observation : A history of authorship in ethnographic film [Electronic book] / Paul Henley.

Manchester : Manchester University Press, [2020]




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Screening for Urothelial Carcinoma Cells in Urine Based on Digital Holographic Flow Cytometry through Machine Learning and Deep Learning Method

Lab Chip, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D3LC00854A, Paper
Lu Xin, Xi Xiao, Wen Xiao, Ran Peng, Hao Wang, Feng Pan
The incidence of urothelial carcinoma continue to rise annually, particularly among the elderly. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can significantly enhance patient survival and quality of life. Urine cytology remains a...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Versatile hybrid technique for passive straight micromixer manufacturing by combining pulsed laser ablation, stereolithographic 3D printing and computational fluid dynamics

Lab Chip, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4LC00009A, Paper
Open Access
Bastián Carnero, Yago Radziunas-Salinas, Bruno K. Rodiño-Janeiro, Sylvana Varela Ballesta, M. Teresa Flores-Arias
The proposed hybrid technique for passive straight micromixer manufacturing by combining pulsed laser ablation and stereolithographic 3D printing.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Pinning–depinning transition of droplets on inclined substrates with a three-dimensional topographical defect

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00081A, Paper
Ninad V. Mhatre, Satish Kumar
The influence of defect geometry on the critical inclination angle required for droplet depinning on inclined substrates is studied.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Energy dissipation of a contact line moving on a nanotopographical defect

Soft Matter, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4SM00161C, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Sylvain Franiatte, Germercy Paredes, Thierry Ondarçuhu, Philippe Tordjeman
We measure by dynamic atomic force microscopy the dissipated energy when a contact line moves on an individual nanotopographical defect.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Synthesis of different types of nano-hydroxyapatites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of textile dye (Congo red): a crystallographic characterization

RSC Adv., 2024, 14,11570-11583
DOI: 10.1039/D3RA08527A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Md. Kawsar, Md. Sahadat Hossain, Sumaya Tabassum, Newaz Mohammed Bahadur, Samina Ahmed
Exploration of the crystallographic parameters of various nano-hydroxyapatites for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Storing liquid chromatographic separations on surface energy traps: decoupling the LC and the mass spectrometer

Analyst, 2024, 149,5336-5343
DOI: 10.1039/D4AN00828F, Paper
Timothy T. Salomons, David Simon, Richard Oleschuk
A micro-fractionation device to archive liquid chromatographic separations on an array of surface energy traps.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Crystallographic models of ribbons and ribbon-based J-aggregate nanotubes from the geometry of tube ends

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4CP03559C, Paper
Valery V. Prokhorov, Kirill A. Prusakov, Sergey I. Pozin, Olga M. Perelygina, Eugene I. Mal’tsev, Alexander A. Nekrasov
We propose the procedure of establishing the crystal structure of ribbons and ribbon-based tubes on the basis of crystallographic analysis of the tube-end geometry.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Poe : stories and poems / a graphic novel adaptation by Gareth Hinds

Hinds, Gareth, 1971- author, illustrator




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Thermal fluctuation-induced selective CO2 uptake of seemingly nonporous N,C-protected dipeptide crystals as elucidated by in situ X-ray crystallographic analysis

CrystEngComm, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D3CE01018J, Paper
Kazuaki Yamanaka, Ryusei Oketani, Yuya Mori, Takashi Sato, Seiji Tsuzuki, Hiroki Takahashi, Hirohito Tsue
A novel N,C-protected dipeptide deposited nonporous but yet CO2-sorbing molecular crystals, of which the CO2 sorption state was disclosed.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Afro-Cuban music : a bibliographic guide / John Gray.

Nyack, New York : African Diaspora Press, 2012.




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Biographical dictionary of Republican China / Howard L. Boorman, editor ; Richard C. Howard, associate editor.

New York : Columbia University Press, 1967-1971.




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The hidden life : hagiographic essays, meditations, spiritual texts / Edith Stein, [edited by L. Gelber and Michael Linssen] ; translated by Waltraut Stein.

Washington, DC : ICS Publications, 2014.




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How FIFA Graphics & Gameplay Are Evolving (1993 - 2023)

Kantcho Doskov, game design director on the FIFA team, breaks down how FIFA's gameplay has evolved over the years. Kantcho goes all the way back to 1993 to talk about FIFA's original isometric view and then breaks down FIFA 23's HyperMotion2 technology that's aided by artificial intelligence.




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Enhancing soil geographic recognition through LIBS technology: integrating the joint skewness algorithm with back-propagation neural networks

J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4JA00251B, Paper
Weinan Zheng, Xun Gao, Kaishan Song, Hailong Yu, Qiuyun Wang, Lianbo Guo, Jingquan Lin
The meticulous task of soil region classification is fundamental to the effective management of soil resources and the development of accurate soil classification systems.
To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Facebook Has Lost its Dominance Among Key Demographics and Social Media Users

There was a time not all that long ago when Facebook was considered to be the absolute pinnacle of social media in general. Because of the fact that this is the sort of thing that could potentially end up being no longer the case without widespread innovation, Facebook has worked quite hard to diversify its offerings. However, recent data suggests that in spite of the fact that this is the case, Facebook has now lost its dominance among key demographics as well as social media users in general.

According to research conducted by the EdisonResearch, two very intriguing statistics have emerged. The first is that Facebook is no longer the social media platform of choice for people between the ages of 12 and 34. This is arguably the single most important demographic out there due to the reason that these are the people that the vast majority of advertisers are going to want to target at any given point in time. Only 21% of users between 12 and 34 years of age say that Facebook is their social media brand of choice.




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National Geographic’s ‘green-eyed Afghan girl’ arrested in Pakistan

The picture of Sharbat Gula, taken in a Pakistan refugee camp by photographer Steve McCurry, became the most famous cover image in the magazine's history.




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National Geographic's ‘Afghan girl’ denies getting fake Pakistan citizenship card

Sharbat Gula gained worldwide fame in 1984 after her photo, with piercing green eyes, was published on the cover of “National Geographic” magazine




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National Geographic Afghan girl denied bail in Pakistan

Sharbat Gula has denied the charges, insisting she didn’t fraudulently obtain Pakistani nationality.




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Pakistan to deport National Geographic's ‘Afghan girl’

Sharbat Gula was arrested 10 days ago for allegedly having forged identity papers and staying in the country illegally.




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Pakistan not to deport National Geographic’s ‘Afghan girl’

The decision was taken on humanitarian grounds and as a goodwill gesture towards Afghanistan.




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Pakistan deports National Geographic's iconic 'Afghan Girl'

Sharbat Gulla and her four children were handed over to Afghan authorities early on Wednesday at the Torkham border crossing, near Peshawar.




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Taxing Billionaires: Estate Taxes and the Geographical Location of the Ultra-Wealthy [electronic journal].

National Bureau of Economic Research




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A Graphical Lasso Approach to Estimating Network Connections: The Case of U.S. Lawmakers [electronic journal].

National Bureau of Economic Research




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The Geographic Flow of Bank Funding and Access to Credit: Branch Networks, Local Synergies, and Competition [electronic journal].




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Geographic Clustering and Resource Reallocation Across Firms in Chinese Industries [electronic journal].




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From Secular Stagnation to Robocalypse? Implications of Demographic and Technological Changes [electronic journal].




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DEMOGRAPHIC SHOCKS AND WOMEN'S LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC IN INDIA [electronic journal].




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Biographical Studies, 1534-1829 [electronic journal].




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Demographic dividend to demographic disaster

Raising the retirement age seems to be an invitation for demographic disaster.




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Discrimination of Diptera order insects based on their saturated cuticular hydrocarbon content using a new microextraction procedure and chromatographic analysis

Anal. Methods, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4AY00214H, Paper
Open Access
Lixy Olinda León-Morán, Marta Pastor-Belda, Pilar Viñas, Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares, María Dolores García, María Isabel Arnaldos, Natalia Campillo
The nature and proportions of hydrocarbons in the cuticle of insects is characteristic of the species and age. Chemical analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons allows species discrimination, which is of great...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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An immunochromatographic strip sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of candesartan, olmesartan medoxomil, and irbesartan in herbal beverages

Anal. Methods, 2024, 16,2359-2367
DOI: 10.1039/D4AY00151F, Paper
Dingyu Li, Aihong Wu, Liqiang Liu, Hua Kuang, Chuanlai Xu, Xiaoling Wu
Sartans, as a class of antihypertensive drugs, pose a threat to human health when illegally added to herbal beverages.
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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Monolith stationary phases prepared via cyclic anhydride ring-opening polymerization as tunable platforms for chromatographic applications

Anal. Methods, 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4AY00251B, Paper
Ahmad Aqel, Ayman Ghafr, A. Yacine Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed, Zeid Abdullah ALOthman
Polymer monolithic stationary phases were prepared based on a cyclic anhydride as a reactive and tunable platform via ring-opening post-polymerization using primary amines; octadecylamine and benzylamine. The characterization techniques indicated...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry




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A Modern Typographic Scale

Rob Weychert reaches for the top notes to sing us a song of typographic scale. A little attention to scale and to the mathematics will help you to hit a high note with your designs this Christmas and beyond.


I’ve been studying music theory this year. While some of its core concepts were already familiar to me, much of their specifics were not. Or so I thought. A funny thing happened when I was learning the major scales.

While playing through a song I had written some years before, I started picking it apart to see how it correlated with the theory I was learning. I had composed the melody without any thought to what the specific notes were, but as I started to transcribe them, a pattern quickly emerged: all the B’s and E’s were flat and the rest of the notes were natural. Lo and behold, long before my music theory studies began, I had written a song in B♭ major. My ears already knew how the major scales worked even if my brain didn’t. (If you know how “do re mi fa so la ti do” is supposed to sound tonally, then your ears know, too.)

When music is composed to a scale, it sounds “right” to us. And just as our ears appreciate harmony and melody with a rational basis, our eyes can appreciate the same concepts applied to spatial relationships.

Have you ever struggled with sizing type in a design project, especially when you need more than just one or two sizes? Have you ever despaired at the number of ad-hoc type sizes on your site spiraling out of control over time? It could be that you’ve been composing the typographic equivalent of a cacophonous symphony. And the first thing any composer will tell you to do is to get that thing on a scale.

Meet the typographic scale

You don’t need to know music theory to work with a typographic scale. You only need to know that a scale is a range of values with an established mathematic relationship. For a typographic scale, that relationship is frequently a steady interval between type sizes. Depending on what you need your type to do, the interval might be fixed (e.g. each size is two pixels bigger than the size before it) or it might be proportional (e.g. each size is twice as big as the size before it). I personally rarely find fixed intervals useful, so I’ll be focusing on proportional intervals.

The most important thing to understand about proportional intervals is thankfully not complicated: The bigger the intervals are, the more drastic the size differences will be in your scale. If your layout calls for contrast, a bigger interval might be the way to go. If you’re aiming for something more nuanced, go smaller. But keep these things in mind:

  • There is such a thing as too much nuance: if a size on your scale is virtually indistinguishable from the sizes adjacent to it, it defeats the purpose of using a scale.
  • On the flip side, too much contrast renders the sizes’ proportional relationship moot. At a certain point, massive display type is arguably more graphic than textual.
  • More is less. The more sizes you use, the less they’ll mean.
A small interval (left, 1.1) offers a smoother range of sizes; a large interval (right, 1.8) offers more contrast.

Setting up the scale variables

The quickest way to get a scale up and running when working on the web is to drop its values into some CSS variables. The naming convention I typically use begins with --scale0, which is the body text size. The size below it is --scale-1 (as in “scale minus one”), the size above it is --scale1, and so on. Keeping the names relative to each other like this helps me move around the scale intuitively as I use it. If, say, --scale4 isn’t big enough for my h1, I can move up to --scale5 or --scale6, and I always know exactly how many steps away from the body text I am. Here’s a first pass at a simple set of scale variables using an interval of 1.5:

:root {
  --scale-2: 7.1px;  /* 10.7 ÷ 1.5 */
  --scale-1: 10.7px; /* 16 ÷ 1.5   */
  --scale0: 16px;    /* body text  */
  --scale1: 24px;    /* 16 × 1.5   */
  --scale2: 36px;    /* 24 × 1.5   */
}

I can use these variables with any CSS property that accepts a numeric value, like so:

p { font-size: var(--scale0); }

Rooting around in rems

I’m off to a good start. However, those px values are a little too absolute for my liking. If I convert them to rems, it’ll give my scale more flexibility. rem stands for “root em.” 1rem is equivalent to the html element’s text size, which in most browsers defaults to 16px. Crucially, though, users can adjust that size in their browser settings, and using rems in my CSS will respect those preferences.

:root {
  --scale-2: 0.4rem;  /* 0.7rem ÷ 1.5 */
  --scale-1: 0.7rem;  /* 1rem ÷ 1.5   */
  --scale0: 1rem;     /* body text    */
  --scale1: 1.5rem;   /* 1rem × 1.5   */
  --scale2: 2.25rem;  /* 1.5rem × 1.5 */
}

Another benefit of the relative nature of rems: I tend to use larger text sizes on large viewports and smaller text sizes on small viewports. Rather than adjusting dozens or hundreds of typographic CSS declarations per breakpoint, I can shift the whole scale up or down merely by adjusting the font-size on the html element:

html { font-size: 100%; }     /* 1rem = 16px */

@media screen and (min-width: 25em) {
  html { font-size: 112.5%; } /* 1rem = 18px */
}

Calculating with calc()

My scale is coming along. Its variables’ intuitive names make it easy for me to use, and its rem values respect the user’s browser preferences and allow me to easily shift the size of the entire scale at different viewport sizes. But my setup still isn’t optimized for one very important adjustment: the interval, which is currently 1.5. If 1.5 isn’t quite working for me and I want to see how an increase or decrease will affect the scale, I need to do the math all over again for every step in the scale every time I adjust the interval. The bigger the scale, the more time that will take. It’s time to put down the abacus and get calc() involved.

:root {
  --int: 1.5;
  --scale0: 1rem;
  --scale-1: calc(var(--scale0) / var(--int));
  --scale-2: calc(var(--scale-1) / var(--int));
  --scale1: calc(var(--scale0) * var(--int));
  --scale2: calc(var(--scale1) * var(--int));
}

My interval now has its very own variable, called --int. calc() determines each scale size by multiplying the preceding size by --int. Now that every size is ultimately dependent on --scale0’s value, --scale0 must appear first in the list. Since the sizes smaller than --scale0 are going down rather than up, their values require division rather than multiplication.

Scaling the scale

I can now quickly and easily tweak my scale’s interval by adjusting --int until the proportions are just right, but if I want to add more sizes to the scale, I need to add more variables and calc() values. This isn’t too big of a deal, but if I want to double or triple the number of sizes, it’s kind of a headache. Luckily, this is the sort of thing Sass is really good at. In the following code, adjusting the first four Sass variables at the top of :root will quickly spin up a set of CSS variables like the scale above, with any interval (proportional or fixed) and any number of scale sizes:

:root {
  $interval: 1.5;    // Unitless for proportional, unit for fixed
  $body-text: 1rem;  // Must have a unit
  $scale-min: -2;    // Unitless negative integer
  $scale-max: 2;     // Unitless positive integer

  --int: #{$interval};
  --scale0: #{$body-text};

  @if $scale-min < 0 {
  // Generate scale variables smaller than the base text size
    @for $i from -1 through $scale-min {
      @if type-of($interval) == number {
        @if unitless($interval) {
          --scale#{$i}: calc(var(--scale#{$i + 1}) / var(--int));
        } @else {
          --scale#{$i}: calc(var(--scale#{$i + 1}) - var(--int));
        }
      }
    }
  }
  @if $scale-max > 0 {
    // Generate scale variables larger than the base text size
    @for $i from 1 through $scale-max {
      @if type-of($interval) == number {
        @if unitless($interval) {
          --scale#{$i}: calc(var(--scale#{$i - 1}) * var(--int));
        } @else {
          --scale#{$i}: calc(var(--scale#{$i - 1}) + var(--int));
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Go forth and scale

Typographic scales have been an indispensable part of my work for many years, and CSS variables and calc() make setup, adjustments, and experimentation easier than ever. I hope you find these techniques as useful as I do!


About the author

Rob Weychert is a Brooklyn-based designer. He helps shape the reading experience at ProPublica and has previously helped make books at A Book Apart, games at Harmonix, and websites at Happy Cog. In his free time, he obsesses over music and film. Despite all this, he is probably best known as a competitive air guitarist.

More articles by Rob




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Fear or knowledge the impact of graphic cigarette warnings on tobacco product choices [electronic resource] / Donald S. Kenkel, Alan D. Mathios, Grace N. Phillips, Revathy Suryanarayana, Hua Wang, Sen Zeng

Cambridge, MA. : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2023




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OPPO Find X7 Ultra review: A photographic powerhouse 

With Hasselblad-approved imaging prowess, this starrer on this phone is its quad-camera setup




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Papers of the Edinburgh Bibliographical Society : 1890-95.

Edinburgh : Printed for the Society, MDCCCXCVI [1896]




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Periodic graphics: Soap versus body wash

Chemical educator and Compound Interest blogger Andy Brunning explains the similarities and differences between the two bath products