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Conversation with the car mechanic

By striking up a conversation at the garage, worker finds a car mechanic open to talking about prayer and fasting.




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Never leave you, never forsake you

A worker shares the story of one girl who recently took the courageous step to leave her life of prostitution for the freedom Christ offers.





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Google App for Android Said to Get an AI-Powered Conversational Search Feature

Google is said to be working on an artificial intelligence (AI) feature that will let users get real-time responses and ask follow-up queries. As per a leak, the new feature is called conversational search, and it is being added to the Google app for Android. With this, when users ask a voice query, the app is said to show real-time responses as well as allow them to ask follow-up questions.




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Scientists Achieve Time-Reversal Symmetry With Kagome Superconductor

A team at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) has achieved a breakthrough with the Kagome superconductor RbV3Sb5, demonstrating time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking at 175 Kelvin. This discovery at higher temperatures than typically possible could pave the way for more energy-efficient and practical quantum systems, crucial for quantum computing and storage. The TRS-breaking properties are tunable, offering potential for further advancements in quantum technology, with implications for applications beyond laboratory settings.




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The Great Indian Kapil Show: Sudha Murty On Narayana Murthy Forgetting Their 25th Anniversary: "I Felt Bad"

Sudha Murty and Narayana Murthy appeared on the latest episode of The Great Indian Kapil Show  




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Amjad Khan Birth Anniversary: When Gabbar Singh Playing The Hapless Nawab Of Awadh Made Satyajit Ray Emotional

Amjad Khan worked in over 132 films in a career spanning nearly two decades




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On Aitraaz's 20th Anniversary, Subhash Ghai Announces Film's Sequel. Read Post

Subhash Ghai, who produced the original film through his production company Mukta Arts, revealed that the sequel is already in the works




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The State of Delaware hires 250th Anniversary Coordinator

GEARING UP FOR THE CELEBRATIONS The State of Delaware hires 250th Anniversary Coordinator The Delaware Heritage Commission and the Delaware Public Archives are pleased to announce the hiring of Ms. Margaret Hughes for the position of The State of Delaware’s 250th Anniversary Coordinator. Ms. Hughes will be responsible for communicating, coordinating, and collaborating with individuals, […]




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Jennings announces settlement with Universal Health Services regarding allegations of improper admissions, discharges

Attorney General Kathy Jennings announced Friday that Universal Health Services, Inc. (“UHS, Inc.”) and a subsidiary of UHS, Inc., UHS of Delaware, Inc., have agreed to a settlement of which $34,338.73 will go to the Division of Medicaid and Medicaid Assistance (DMMA) within the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS). “We expect all […]



  • Department of Justice
  • Department of Justice Press Releases
  • News

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DART to Make Improvements Based on Rider Feedback from Recent Community Conversations

WILMINGTON, Del. – After reviewing customer feedback from three Community Conversations in Wilmington and Newark last week, DART will make a series of improvements. The recent Community Conversations offered DART riders, and the general public, the opportunity to provide feedback and share their experiences since DART’s service changes in mid-December. “The Community Conversations were intended […]




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High Court Upholds Privacy, Declines Admission Of Illegally Recorded Phone Conversation As Evidence In Matrimonial Dispute




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HRSA Visits DHSS to Review Substance Use Disorder Prevention Work

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services was in Delaware on August 31, 2023, to review the innovative substance use disorder prevention work that the Department of Health and Human Services is conducting in Sussex County, Delaware. The Division of Forensic Science reported that 537 people died of a […]



  • Delaware Health and Social Services
  • Delaware Department of Health and Social Services
  • Division of Forensic Science
  • substance use
  • substance use disorder

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The State of Delaware hires 250th Anniversary Coordinator

The Delaware Heritage Commission and the Delaware Public Archives are pleased to announce the hiring of Ms. Margaret Hughes for the position of The State of Delaware's 250th Anniversary Coordinator.

The post The State of Delaware hires 250th Anniversary Coordinator appeared first on Delaware Public Archives - State of Delaware.




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Poetry Out Loud to Celebrate 20th Anniversary During 2024-2025 School Year

The 2024-2025 school year marks the 20th anniversary of Poetry Out Loud®, an arts education program and dynamic poetry recitation competition for high school students that lifts poetry off the page, creating community and connection. A partnership of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), Poetry Foundation, and state and jurisdictional arts agencies, Poetry Out Loud takes place in all 50 states, American Samoa, District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.



  • Delaware Division of the Arts
  • Department of Education
  • Department of State
  • Education
  • Kent County
  • New Castle County
  • News
  • Office of the Governor
  • Office of the Lieutenant Governor
  • Sussex County
  • Division of the Arts
  • National Endowment for the Arts
  • poetry
  • Poetry Out Loud
  • The Poetry Foundation

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CORSAIR DOMINATOR PLATINUM RGB First Edition DDR5 DRAM Memory Kit Review

Read the in depth Review of CORSAIR DOMINATOR PLATINUM RGB First Edition DDR5 DRAM Memory Kit PC Components. Know detailed info about CORSAIR DOMINATOR PLATINUM RGB First Edition DDR5 DRAM Memory Kit configuration, design and performance quality along with pros & cons, Digit rating, verdict based on user opinions/feedback.




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CORSAIR iCUE H150i ELITE LCD Display Liquid CPU Cooler Review

Read the in depth Review of CORSAIR iCUE H150i ELITE LCD Display Liquid CPU Cooler PC Components. Know detailed info about CORSAIR iCUE H150i ELITE LCD Display Liquid CPU Cooler configuration, design and performance quality along with pros & cons, Digit rating, verdict based on user opinions/feedback.




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Corsair HS65 Surround Review

Read the in depth Review of Corsair HS65 Surround Gaming. Know detailed info about Corsair HS65 Surround configuration, design and performance quality along with pros & cons, Digit rating, verdict based on user opinions/feedback.




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Microsoft buys conversational AI company Semantic Machines for an undisclosed sum

Microsoft announced it has acquired Semantic Machines, a conversational AI startup providing chatbots and AI chat apps founded in 2014 having $20.9 million in funding from investors. The acquisition will help Microsoft catch up with Amazon Alexa, though the latter is more focused on enabling consumer applications of conversational AI.

Microsoft will use Semantic Machine’s acquisition to establish a conversational AI center of excellence in Berkeley to help it innovate in natural language interfaces.

Microsoft has been stepping up its products in conversational AI. It launched the digital assistant Cortana in 2015, as well as social chatbots like XiaoIce. The latest acquisition can help Microsoft beef up its ‘enterprise AI’ offerings.

As the use of NLP (natural language processing) increases in IoT products and services, more startups are getting traction from investors and established players. In June last year, Josh.ai, avoice-controlled home automation software has raised $8M.

Followed by it was SparkCognition that raised $32.5M Series B for its NLP-based threat intelligence platform.

It appears Microsoft’s acquisition of Semantic Machines was motivated by the latter’s strong AI team. The team includes technology entrepreneur Daniel Roth who sold his previous startups Voice Signal Technologies and Shaser BioScience for $300M and $100M respectively. Other team members include Stanford AI Professor Percy Liang, developer of Google Assistant Core AI technology and former Apple chief speech scientist Larry Gillick.

“Combining Semantic Machines' technology with Microsoft's own AI advances, we aim to deliver powerful, natural and more productive user experiences that will take conversational computing to a new level." David Ku, chief technology officer of Microsoft AI & Research.






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Versatile Use Case for DDR5 DIMM Discrete Component Memory Models

DDR5 DIMM Architectures The DDR5 generation of Double Data Rate DRAM memories has experienced rapid adoption in recent years. In particular, the JEDEC-defined DDR5 Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) cards have become a mainstay for systems looking for high-density, high-bandwidth, off-chip random access memory[1]. Within a short time, the DIMM architecture evolved from an interconnected hierarchy of only SDRAM memory devices (UDIMM[2]) to complex subsystems of interconnected components (RDIMM/LRDIMM/MRDIMM[3]). DIMM Designs and Popular Verification Use Cases The growing complexity of the DIMMs presented a challenge for pre-silicon verification engineers who could no longer simply validate against single DDR5 SDRAM memory models. They needed to consider how their designs would perform against DIMMs connected to each channel and operating at gigahertz clock speeds. To address this verification gap, Cadence developed DDR5 DIMM Memory Models that encapsulated all of the architectural complexities presented by real-world DIMMs based on a robust, easy-to-use, easy-to-debug, and easy-to-reconfigure methodology. This memory-subsystem-in-a-single-instance model has seen explosive adoption among the traditional IP Developer and SOC Integrator customers of Cadence Memory Models. The Cadence DIMM models act as a single unit with all of the relevant DIMM components instantiated and interconnected within, and with all AC/Timing parameters among the various components fully matched out-of-the-box, based on JEDEC specifications as well as datasheets of actual devices in the market. The typical use-case for the DIMM models has been where the DUT is a DDR5 Memory Controller + PHY IP stack, and the validation plan mandated compliance with the JEDEC standards and Memory Device vendor datasheets. Unique Use Case for the DIMM Discrete Component Models Although the Cadence DIMM models have enjoyed tremendous proliferation because of their cohesive implementation and unified user API, the actual DIMM Models are built on top of powerful, flexible discrete component models, each of which was designed to stand on its own as a complete SystemVerilog UVM-based VIP. All of these discrete component models exist in the Cadence VIP Catalog as standalone VIPs, complete with their own protocol compliance checking capabilities and their own configuration mappings comprehensively modeling individual AC/Timing parameters. Because of this deliberate design decision, the Cadence DIMM Discrete Component Models can support a unique use-case scenario. Some users seek to develop IC Designs for the various DIMM components. Such users need verification environments that can model the individual components of a DIMM and allow them the option to replace one or another component with their Component Design IP. They can then validate that their component design is fully compatible with the rest of the components on the DIMM and meets the integrity of the overall DIMM compliance with JEDEC standards or Memory Vendor datasheets. The Cadence Memory VIP portfolio today includes various examples that demonstrate how customers can create DIMM “wrappers” by selecting from among the available DIMM discrete component models and “stitching” them together to build their own custom testbench around their specific Component Design IP. A Solution for Unique Component Scenarios The Cadence DDR5 DIMM Memory Models and DIMM Discrete Component Models can provide users with a flexible approach to validating their specific component designs with a fully populated pre-silicon environment. Augmented Verification Capabilities When the DIMM “wrapper” model is augmented with the Cadence DFI VIP[4] that can simulate an MC+PHY stack and offers a SystemVerilog UVM test API to the verification engineer, the overall testbench transforms into a formidable pre-silicon validation vehicle. The DFI VIP is designed as a combination of an independent DFI MC VIP and a DFI PHY VIP connected to each other via the DFI Standard Interface and capable of operating seamlessly as a single unit. It presents a UVM Sequence API to the user into the DFI MC VIP with the Memory Interface of the PHY VIP connected to the DIMM “wrapper” model. With this testbench in hand, the user can then fully take advantage of the UVM Sequence Library that comes with the DFI VIP to enable deep validation of their Component Design inside the DIMM “wrapper” model. Verification Capabilities Further Enhanced A possible further enhancement comes with the potential addition of an instance of the Cadence DIMM Memory Model in a Passive Monitor mode at the DRAM Memory Interface. The DIMM Passive Monitor consumes the same configuration describing the DIMM “wrapper” in the testbench, and thus can act as a reference model for the DIMM wrapper. If the DIMM Passive Monitor responds successfully to accesses from the DFI VIP, but the DIMM wrapper does not, then it exposes potential bugs in the DUT Components or in the settings of their AC/Timing parameters inside the DIMM wrapper. Debuggability, Interface Visibility, and Protocol Compliance One of the key benefits of the DIMM Discrete Component Models that become manifest, whether in terms of the unique use-case scenario described here, or when working with the wholly unified DDR5 DIMM Memory Models, is the increased debuggability of the protocol functionality. The intentional separation of the discrete components of a DIMM allows the user to have full visibility of the memory traffic at every datapath landmark within a DIMM structure. For example, in modeling an LRDIMM or MRDIMM, the interface between the RCD component and the SDRAM components, the interface between the RCD component and the DB components, and the interface between the SDRAM components and the DB components—all are visible and accessible to the user. The user has full access to dump the values and states of the wire interconnects at these interfaces to the waveform viewer and thus can observe and correlate the activity against any protocol violations flagged in the trace logs by any one or more of the DIMM Discrete Component Models. Access to these interfaces is freely available when using the DIMM Discrete Component Models. On the unified DDR5 DIMM Memory Models, a feature called Debug Ports enables the same level of visibility into the individual interconnects amidst the SDRAM components, RCD components, and DB components. When combined with the Waveform Debugger[5] capability that comes built-in with the VIPs and Memory Models offered by Cadence and used with the Cadence Verisium Debug[6] tool, the enhanced debuggability becomes a powerful platform. With these debug accesses enabled, the user can pull out transaction streams, chip state and bank state streams, mode register streams, and error message streams all right next to their RTL signals in the same Verisium Debug waveform viewer window to debug failures all in one place. The Verisium Debug tool also parses all of the log files to probe and extract messages into a fully integrated Smart Log in a tabbed window fully hyperlinked to the waveform viewer, all at your fingertips. A Solution for Every Scenario Cadence's DDR5 DIMM Memory Models and DIMM Discrete Component Models , partnered with the Cadence DFI VIP, can provide users with a robust and flexible approach to validating their designs thoroughly and effectively in pre-silicon verification environments ahead of tapeout commitments. The solution offers unparalleled latitude in debuggability when the Debug Ports and Waveform Debugger functions of the Memory Models are switched on and boosted with the use of the Cadence Verisium Debug tool. [1] Shyam Sharma, DDR5 DIMM Design and Verification Considerations , 13 Jan 2023. [2] Shyam Sharma, DDR5 UDIMM Evolution to Clock Buffered DIMMs (CUDIMM) , 23 Sep 2024. [3] Kos Gitchev, DDR5 12.8Gbps MRDIMM IP: Powering the Future of AI, HPC, and Data Centers , 26 Aug 2024. [4] Chetan Shingala and Salehabibi Shaikh, How to Verify JEDEC DRAM Memory Controller, PHY, or Memory Device? , 29 Mar 2022. [5] Rahul Jha, Cadence Memory Models - The Gold Standard , 15 Apr 2024. [6] Manisha Pradhan, Accelerate Design Debugging Using Verisium Debug , 11 Jul 2023.




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Start Your Engines: The Innovation Behind Universal Connect Modules (UCM)

Read this blog to know more about the innovation behind Universal Connect Modules (UCM).(read more)




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Mayor outlines Warsaw's winning formula

Warsaw already offers a skilled workforce and has improved its infrastructure – now it must focus on climate change and reducing congestion, mayor Rafał Trzaskowski tells fDi.




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Reversal of fortunes for Brazil in 2018

FDI into Brazil has increased by 66.48% in a little under two years. Jonathan Wildsmith reports.




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Setup SSH authentication with PEM RSA file without password on ubuntu/linux Raspberry Pi Server

Recently I have been working with Raspberry PI and creating my own home server to host some of my demo projects. This post is about setting up SSH authentication with a PEM certificate file without password on ubuntu/linux server. Implement the following steps and improve the security.






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Fighting the Good Fight: Fiftieth-Anniversary Interview with John MacArthur (Selected Scriptures)

Check here each week to keep up with the latest from John MacArthur's pulpit at Grace Community Church.




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The Work of the Word (Fiftieth Anniversary Celebration) (2 Timothy 3:16-4:5)

Check here each week to keep up with the latest from John MacArthur's pulpit at Grace Community Church.




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Prayer: The Believer’s Constant Conversation (Ephesians 6:18-24)

Check here each week to keep up with the latest from John MacArthur's pulpit at Grace Community Church.




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Forsaking Christ (Mark 14:43-52)

Check here each week to keep up with the latest from John MacArthur's pulpit at Grace Community Church.




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Thinking Biblically About Current Events: A Conversation with John MacArthur (Selected Scriptures)

Check here each week to keep up with the latest from John MacArthur's pulpit at Grace Community Church.




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Xildhibaano soo saarey warsaxaafadeed: “Waxaan ka digeynaa duulaanka Xasan Sheekh ee Puntland iyo Jubaland”

Xildhibaanada kumetela Puntland Baarlamaanka federaalka ayaa soo saaray warsaxaafadeed ay sheegeen in aysan qeyb ka aheyn…

The post Xildhibaano soo saarey warsaxaafadeed: “Waxaan ka digeynaa duulaanka Xasan Sheekh ee Puntland iyo Jubaland” appeared first on Horseed Media.




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15-year-old aspiring actress is the first South African to attend the Universal Actors sessions in LA




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Rwanda: 20th Anniversary of the Genocide

Rwandans should be proud of the immense progress they have made since the genocide, but economic inequality and political abuses still plague the country.




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A Quarter of a Billion Friends of Zion Unite for the Anniversary of the October 7 Massacre





  • evangelical support for israel
  • Friends of Zion
  • The October 7 Massacre

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Israel Alienating Allies and Acquiring Adversaries 

As a result of its policies and actions in response to the 7 October attack, the Israeli government has not only alienated its allies and acquired adversaries but also found itself isolated diplomatically. The consequences of those developments and realignments have occurred across countries, organizations and groups worldwide.   Situation The Israeli government’s actions in […]




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The Universal Guilty Verdict

“For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.” Most Christians are familiar with Romans 3:23—perhaps too familiar. Many of us have quoted it while sharing the “Roman Road” gospel presentation. It also serves as a quick-fire explanation for why we can never find any sinless people. But how many of us have truly comprehended the devastating truth of our universal guilt?

READ MORE




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Sin’s Corruption of Our Conversation

The doctrine of man’s depravity, of all the cardinal biblical truths should never need to be defended. The empirical evidence for man’s sinful nature is irrefutable and ubiquitous. It is the inescapable reality of life.

READ MORE




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30 Years of Kazakhstan-ADB Anniversary Reception - Masatsugu Asakawa

Remarks by Masatsugu Asakawa, President, Asian Development Bank, at the 30 Years of Kazakhstan-ADB Anniversary Reception, 8 November 2024




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European MRSA Originated in Sub-Saharan Africa, Study Finds

Title: European MRSA Originated in Sub-Saharan Africa, Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2014 9:35:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/29/2014 12:00:00 AM




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50th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section on New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part II--Editorial [Special Section on New and Emerging Areas and Technologies in Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Part




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Family Planning, Reproductive Health, and Progress Toward the Sustainable Development Goals: Reflections and Directions on the 30th Anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development




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Sensory-Motor Neuropathy in Mfn2 T105M Knock-in Mice and Its Reversal by a Novel Piperine-Derived Mitofusin Activator [Neuropharmacology]

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many genetic neurodegenerative diseases, but therapeutic options to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction are limited. While recent studies support the possibility of improving mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and motility to correct mitochondrial dysfunction and resulting neurodegeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and other neuropathies, the clinical utility of reported compounds and relevance of preclinical models are uncertain. Here, we describe motor and sensory neuron dysfunction characteristic of clinical CMT type 2 A in a CRISPR/Casp-engineered Mfn2 Thr105Met (T105M) mutant knock-in mouse. We further demonstrate that daily oral treatment with a novel mitofusin activator derived from the natural product piperine can reverse these neurologic phenotypes. Piperine derivative 8015 promoted mitochondrial fusion and motility in Mfn2-deficient cells in a mitofusin-dependent manner and reversed mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured fibroblasts and reprogrammed motor neurons from a human CMT2A patient carrying the MFN2 T105M mutation. Like previous mitofusin activators, 8015 exhibited stereospecific functionality, but the more active stereoisomer, 8015-P2, is unique in that it has subnanomolar potency and undergoes entero-hepatic recirculation which extends its in vivo half-life. Daily administration of 8015-P2 to Mfn2 T105M knock-in mice for 6 weeks normalized neuromuscular and sensory dysfunction and corrected histological/ultrastructural neurodegeneration and neurogenic myoatrophy. These studies describe a more clinically relevant mouse model of CMT2A and an improved mitofusin activator derived from piperine. We posit that 8015-P2 and other piperine derivatives may benefit CMT2A or other neurodegenerative conditions wherein mitochondrial dysdynamism plays a contributory role.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Mitochondrial dysfunction is widespread and broadly contributory in neurodegeneration, but difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we describe 8015-P2, a new small molecule mitofusin activator with ~10-fold greater potency and improved in vivo pharmacokinetics versus comparators, and demonstrate its rapid reversal of sensory and motor neuron dysfunction in an Mfn2 T105M knock-in mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 A. These findings further support the therapeutic approach of targeting mitochondrial dysdynamism in neurodegeneration.




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The 75-Year Anniversary of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet--Examples of Recent Accomplishments and Future Perspectives [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section-Perspective]

Karolinska Institutet is a medical university encompassing 21 departments distributed across three departmental or campus groups. Pharmacological research has a long and successful tradition at the institute with a multitude of seminal findings in the areas of neuronal control of vasodilatation, cardiovascular pharmacology, neuropsychopharmacology, receptor pharmacology, and pharmacogenomics that resulted in, among many other recognitions, two Nobel prizes in Physiology and Medicine, one in 1970 to Ulf von Euler for his discovery of the processes involved in storage, release, and inactivation of neurotransmitters and the other in 1982 to Sune Bergström and Bengt Samuelsson for their work on prostaglandins and the discovery of leukotrienes. Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet has over the last decade been ranked globally among the top 10 according to the QS World University Ranking. With the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology now celebrating its 75-year anniversary, we wanted to take this as an opportunity to showcase recent research achievements and how they paved the way for current activities at the department. We emphasize examples from preclinical and clinical research where the dpartment's integrative environment and robust infrastructure have successfully facilitated the translation of findings into clinical applications and patient benefits. The close collaboration between preclinical scientists and clinical researchers across various disciplines, along with a strong network of partnerships within the department and beyond, positions us to continue leading world-class pharmacological research at the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology for decades to come.

Significance Statement

Pharmacological research at Karolinska Institutet has a long and successful history. Given the 75-year anniversary of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, this perspective provides an overview of recent departmental achievements and future trajectories. For these developments, interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborations and a clear focus on result translation are key elements to continue its legacy of world-leading pharmacological research.




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Pharmacological Approaches to Hearing Loss [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section]

Hearing disorders pose significant challenges to individuals experiencing them and their overall quality of life, emphasizing the critical need for advanced pharmacological approaches to address these conditions. Current treatment options often focus on amplification devices, cochlear implants, or other rehabilitative therapies, leaving a substantial gap regarding effective pharmacological interventions. Advancements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in hearing disorders induced by noise, aging, and ototoxicity have opened new avenues for drug development, some of which have led to numerous clinical trials, with promising results. The development of optimal drug delivery solutions in animals and humans can also enhance the targeted delivery of medications to the ear. Moreover, large genome studies contributing to a genetic understanding of hearing loss in humans combined with advanced molecular technologies in animal studies have shown a great potential to increase our understanding of the etiologies of hearing loss. The auditory system exhibits circadian rhythms and temporal variations in its physiology, its vulnerability to auditory insults, and its responsiveness to drug treatments. The cochlear clock rhythms are under the control of the glucocorticoid system, and preclinical evidence suggests that the risk/benefit profile of hearing disorder treatments using chronopharmacological approaches would be beneficial. If translatable to the bedside, such approaches may improve the outcome of clinical trials. Ongoing research into the molecular and genetic basis of auditory disorders, coupled with advancements in drug formulation and delivery as well as optimized timing of drug administration, holds great promise of more effective treatments.

Significance Statement

Hearing disorders pose significant challenges to individuals and their overall quality of life, emphasizing the critical need for advanced pharmacological approaches to address these conditions. Ongoing research into the molecular and genetic basis of auditory disorders, coupled with advancements in drug delivery procedures and optimized timing of drug administration, holds the promise of more effective treatments.




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Nitric Oxide Signaling and Regulation in the Cardiovascular System: Recent Advances [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section]

Nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial NO synthase importantly contributes to vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO production or increased scavenging during disease conditions with oxidative stress contribute to endothelial dysfunction and NO deficiency. In addition to the classical enzymatic NO synthases (NOS) system, NO can also be generated via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Dietary and pharmacological approaches aimed at increasing NO bioactivity, especially in the cardiovascular system, have been the focus of much research since the discovery of this small gaseous signaling molecule. Despite wide appreciation of the biological role of NOS/NO signaling, questions still remain about the chemical nature of NOS-derived bioactivity. Recent studies show that NO-like bioactivity can be efficiently transduced by mobile NO-ferroheme species, which can transfer between proteins, partition into a hydrophobic phase, and directly activate the soluble guanylyl cyclase-cGMP-protein kinase G pathway without intermediacy of free NO. Moreover, interaction between red blood cells and the endothelium in the regulation of vascular NO homeostasis have gained much attention, especially in conditions with cardiometabolic disease. In this review we discuss both classical and nonclassical pathways for NO generation in the cardiovascular system and how these can be modulated for therapeutic purposes.

Significance Statement

After four decades of intensive research, questions persist about the transduction and control of nitric oxide (NO) synthase bioactivity. Here we discuss NO signaling in cardiovascular health and disease, highlighting new findings, such as the important role of red blood cells in cardiovascular NO homeostasis. Nonclassical signaling modes, like the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and therapeutic opportunities related to the NO system are discussed. Existing and potential pharmacological treatments/strategies, as well as dietary components influencing NO generation and signaling are covered.




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International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CXV: The Class F of G Protein-Coupled Receptors [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section]

The class F of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of 10 Frizzleds (FZD1–10) and Smoothened (SMO). FZDs bind and are activated by secreted lipoglycoproteins of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) family, and SMO is indirectly activated by the Hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens acting on the transmembrane protein Patched. The advance of our understanding of FZDs and SMO as dynamic transmembrane receptors and molecular machines, which emerged during the past 14 years since the first-class F GPCR IUPHAR nomenclature report, justifies an update. This article focuses on the advances in molecular pharmacology and structural biology providing new mechanistic insight into ligand recognition, receptor activation mechanisms, signal initiation, and signal specification. Furthermore, class F GPCRs continue to develop as drug targets, and novel technologies and tools such as genetically encoded biosensors and CRISP/Cas9 edited cell systems have contributed to refined functional analysis of these receptors. Also, advances in crystal structure analysis and cryogenic electron microscopy contribute to the rapid development of our knowledge about structure-function relationships, providing a great starting point for drug development. Despite the progress, questions and challenges remain to fully understand the complexity of the WNT/FZD and Hh/SMO signaling systems.

Significance Statement

The recent years of research have brought about substantial functional and structural insight into mechanisms of activation of Frizzleds and Smoothened. While the advance furthers our mechanistic understanding of ligand recognition, receptor activation, signal specification, and initiation, broader opportunities emerge that allow targeting class F GPCRs for therapy and regenerative medicine employing both biologics and small molecule compounds.




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Neuroactive Kynurenines as Pharmacological Targets: New Experimental Tools and Exciting Therapeutic Opportunities [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section]

Both preclinical and clinical studies implicate functional impairments of several neuroactive metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major degradative cascade of the essential amino acid tryptophan in mammals, in the pathophysiology of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. A number of KP enzymes, such as tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO1 and IDO2), kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs), kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase (3-HAO), and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT), control brain KP metabolism in health and disease and are therefore increasingly considered to be promising targets for the treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Understanding the distribution, cellular expression, and regulation of KP enzymes and KP metabolites in the brain is therefore critical for the conceptualization and implementation of successful therapeutic strategies.

Significance Statement

Studies have implicated the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan in the pathophysiology of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. Key enzymes of the kynurenine pathway regulate brain metabolism in both health and disease, making them promising targets for treating these disorders. Therefore, understanding the distribution, cellular expression, and regulation of these enzymes and metabolites in the brain is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This review endeavors to describe these processes in detail.:




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Seventy-Five Years of Interactions: The Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet and Pharmacological Reviews [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section-Editorial]




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Summing Up Pharmacological Reviews 75th Anniversary Year and a Look to the Future [75th Anniversary Celebration Collection Special Section-Editorial]




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Conversations matter: improving the diagnosis experience for people with type 2 diabetes