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How Coca-Cola shaped obesity science and policy in China

Susan Greenhalg is a research professor of chinese society in Harvard’s department of anthropology - not a natural fit for a medical journal you may think, but recently she has been looking at the influence of Coca Cola on obesity policy in China. She has written up her investigation in an article published on bmj.com this week, and joins us in...




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Assisted dying: should doctors help patients to die?

The Royal College of Physicians will survey all its members in February on this most controversial question. It says that it will move from opposition to neutrality on assisted dying unless 60% vote otherwise. The BMJ explores several conflicting views. From Canada, palliative care doctor Sandy Buchman explains why he sees medical aid in dying...




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Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Patients who experience chronic rhinosinusitis may way for a considerable period of time before presenting, because they believe the condition to be trivial. In this podcast, Alam Hannan, ENT Consultant at the Royal Throat Nose and Ear Hospital in London, explains why that belief is not founded, and describes which treatments can be effective at...




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Diabetes Insipidus - the danger of misunderstanding diabetes

Diabetes is synonymous with sugar, but diabetes insipidus, "water diabetes", can't be forgotten. Between 2009 and 2016, 4 people died in hospital in England, when lifesaving treatment for the condition was not given. In this podcast, we hear some practical tips for non-specialists to aid diagnosis, and how patients should be managed during...




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Signals from the NIHR

If you've been keeping up to day with The BMJ - online on in print, you might have noticed that we've got a new type of article - NIHR Signals - and they are here to give busy clinicians a quick overview of practice changing research that has come out of the UK's National Institute for Health Research. Tara Lamont, director of the NIHR...




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Ebola - Stepping up in Sierre Leone

In 2014, Oliver Johnson was a 28 year old British doctor, working on health policy in Sierre Leone after finishing medical school. Also working in Freetown was Sinead Walsh, then the Irish Ambassador to the country. Then the biggest outbreak of Ebola on record happened in West Africa, starting in Guinea and quickly spreading to Liberia, Sierre...




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Passing on the secret knowledge of loop diuretics

In every generation there are a few that know the secret; the counterintuitive effects of loop diuretics. In this podcast Steven Anisman, cardiologist at the Dartmouth Hitchcock Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, joins us to explain about the threshold effects of these drugs, and why that might change the way in which you think about...




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Capital punishment, my sixth great grandfather, and me

On the 7th of June, 1753, Dr Archibald Cameron was executed at Tyburn. "The body, after hanging twenty minutes, was cut down: it was not quartered; but the heart was taken out and burnt. " 250 years later, his sixth great grandson, Robert Syned found himself deeply involved in the process of execution, as an expert witness in a case about the use...




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Talk evidence - cancer causing food, prostate cancer and disease definitions

Helen Macdonald and Carl Heneghan are back again talking about what's happened in the world of evidence this month. (1.05) Carl rants about bacon causing cancer (7.10) Helen talks about prostate cancer, and we hear from the author of the research paper which won Research Paper Of The Year at the BMJ awards. We also cover disease definition and...




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Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is a relatively newly recognised condition - but, according to one study, can account for up to 6% of patients presenting to emergency departments. The causal mechanism is as yet unclear - but currently the only known way to prevent the syndrome is for the patient to stop their cannabis use. Yaniv Chocron, chief...




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Burnout - Don't try to make the canary in the coal mine more resilient

Burnout is a problem in healthcare - it’s a problem for individuals, those who experience it and decide to leave a career they formerly loved, but it’s also a problem for our healthcare system. Burnout is associated with an increase in medical errors, and poor quality of care. Fundamentally it’s a patient safety issue. But, unlike other patient...




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Physical activity and mortality - "The least active quartile did less than 5 minute per day"

We know that exercise is good for you - the WHO recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity each week. That recommendation is built on evidence that relied on self reporting that may underestimate the amount of lower intensity exercise those people were doing, and at the...




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Reversing our preconceptions about where innovation comes from

Reverse innovation may sound like some attempt to return to the dark ages - but it has a specific meaning, especially when it comes to med-tech. It’s about where we look for innovation - and overturning our preconceived ideas of where new ideas come from. Mark Skopec, and Matthew Harris - both from Imperial College London are two of the authors...




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Is it possible to have fair pricing for medicines

Is it possible to have a fair price for medicines? Yes, according to a new collection just published on bmj.com. The authors set out to evaluate how we could improve the functioning of the market for medicines, to honestly compensate industry for innovation, whilst allowing the poorest to afford them. Suerie Moon, co-director of global health at...




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Talk Evidence - Sepsis, talc and blindsided by blinding

Welcome to the festive talk evidence, giving you a little EBM to take you into the new year. As always Duncan Jarvies is joined by Helen Macdonald (resting GP and editor at The BMJ) and Carl Heneghan (active GP, director of Oxford University’s CEBM and editor of BMJ Evidence)* This month: (1.20) Carl tells us about new research on treating...




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Writing a good outpatient letter means addressing it to the patient

In many countries (including the UK and Australia) it is still common practice for hospital doctors to write letters to patients’ general practitioners (GPs) following outpatient consultations, and for patients to receive copies of these letters. However, Hugh Rayner, consultant nephrologist, and Peter Rees, former Chair of the Academy of...




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Talk Evidence - Remdesivir, care homes, and death data

For the next few months Talk Evidence is going to focus on the new corona virus pandemic. There is an enormous amount of uncertainty about the disease, what the symptoms are, fatality rate, treatment options, things we shouldn't be doing. We're going to try to get away from the headlines and talk about what we need to know - to hopefully give...




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Talk Evidence - covid ethics, waste and a minimum RCT size

For the next few months Talk Evidence is going to focus on the new corona virus pandemic. There is an enormous amount of uncertainty about the disease, what the symptoms are, fatality rate, treatment options, things we shouldn't be doing. We're going to try to get away from the headlines and talk about what we need to know - to hopefully give...




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Glucose-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Cause Apoptosis of Podocytes and Podocyte Depletion at the Onset of Diabetic Nephropathy

Katalin Susztak
Jan 1, 2006; 55:225-233
Complications




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Prospective Analysis of The Insulin-Resistance Syndrome (Syndrome X)

Steven M Haffner
Jun 1, 1992; 41:715-722
Original Article




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Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination

DE Kelley
May 1, 2000; 49:677-683
Articles




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Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The "Common Soil" Hypothesis

Michael P Stern
Apr 1, 1995; 44:369-374
Perspectives in Diabetes




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Morbidity and Mortality in Diabetics In the Framingham Population: Sixteen Year Follow-up Study

Mariano J Garcia
Feb 1, 1974; 23:105-111
Original Contribution




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Moving GLUT4: The Biogenesis and Trafficking of GLUT4 Storage Vesicles

Shane Rea
Nov 1, 1997; 46:1667-1677
Perspectives in Diabetes




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High Incidence of Metabolically Active Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adult Humans: Effects of Cold Exposure and Adiposity

Masayuki Saito
Jul 1, 2009; 58:1526-1531
Metabolism




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Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction: A Novel Concept in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes

Cindy J.M. Loomans
Jan 1, 2004; 53:195-199
Complications




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Thiazolidinediones in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Type II Diabetes

Alan R Saltiel
Dec 1, 1996; 45:1661-1669
Perspectives in Diabetes




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Relation Between Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Antioxidative Defense Status of Insulin-Producing Cells

Markus Tiedge
Nov 1, 1997; 46:1733-1742
Original Article




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Are the {beta}-Cell Signaling Molecules Malonyl-CoA and Cystolic Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Implicated in Multiple Tissue Defects of Obesity and NIDDM?

Marc Prentki
Mar 1, 1996; 45:273-283
Original Article




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Intramyocellular triglyceride content is a determinant of in vivo insulin resistance in humans: a 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment in offspring of type 2 diabetic parents

G Perseghin
Aug 1, 1999; 48:1600-1606
Articles




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Mechanisms of Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Death in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Many Differences, Few Similarities

Miriam Cnop
Dec 1, 2005; 54:S97-S107
Section III: Inflammation and beta-Cell Death




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Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha}: A Key Component of the Obesity-Diabetes Link

Gökhan S Hotamisligil
Nov 1, 1994; 43:1271-1278
Perspectives in Diabetes




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Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships

D Dabelea
Dec 1, 2000; 49:2208-2211
Articles




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Lipotoxicity in the Pathogenesis of Obesity-Dependent NIDDM: Genetic and Clinical Implications

Roger H Unger
Aug 1, 1995; 44:863-870
Perspectives in Diabetes




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Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Muscle Is Associated With Changes in Diacylglycerol, Protein Kinase C, and I{kappa}B-{alpha}

Samar I. Itani
Jul 1, 2002; 51:2005-2011
Rapid Publications




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Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats

G Xu
Dec 1, 1999; 48:2270-2276
Articles




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Elevated Levels of Acute-Phase Proteins and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Predict the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

Andreas Festa
Apr 1, 2002; 51:1131-1137
Complications




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The Relationship of Glycemic Exposure (HbA1c) to the Risk of Development and Progression of Retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group
Aug 1, 1995; 44:968-983
Original Article




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PPAR{gamma} Ligands Increase Expression and Plasma Concentrations of Adiponectin, an Adipose-Derived Protein

Norikazu Maeda
Sep 1, 2001; 50:2094-2099
Pathophysiology




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Preservation of Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Function and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Pharmacological Treatment of Insulin Resistance in High-Risk Hispanic Women

Thomas A. Buchanan
Sep 1, 2002; 51:2796-2803
Pathophysiology




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Free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with activation of protein kinase C theta and alterations in the insulin signaling cascade

ME Griffin
Jun 1, 1999; 48:1270-1274
Articles




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Role of Fatty Acids in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and NIDDM

Guenther Boden
Jan 1, 1997; 46:3-10
Perspectives in Diabetes




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U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 16: Overview of 6 Years' Therapy of Type II Diabetes: A Progressive Disease

U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group
Nov 1, 1995; 44:1249-1258
Perspectives in Diabetes




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The Triumvirate: {beta}-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM

Ralph A DeFronzo
Jun 1, 1988; 37:667-687
Lilly Lecture 1987




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Quantification of the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and {beta}-Cell Function in Human Subjects: Evidence for a Hyperbolic Function

Steven E Kahn
Nov 1, 1993; 42:1663-1672
Original Article




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Isolation of INS-1-derived cell lines with robust ATP-sensitive K+ channel-dependent and -independent glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

HE Hohmeier
Mar 1, 2000; 49:424-430
Articles




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Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice

Patrice D. Cani
Jun 1, 2008; 57:1470-1481
Metabolism




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Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Patrice D. Cani
Jul 1, 2007; 56:1761-1772
Obesity Studies




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Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Categories of Glucose Intolerance

National Diabetes Data Group
Dec 1, 1979; 28:1039-1057
Articles




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{beta}-Cell Deficit and Increased {beta}-Cell Apoptosis in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes

Alexandra E. Butler
Jan 1, 2003; 52:102-110
Islet Studies