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Common interview questions for developers




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Vitamin D Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans: The Common Denominators

Shani V. Davis
Aug 1, 2011; 24:148-153
Feature Article/Vitamin D in African Americans




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Drug Interactions of Medications Commonly Used in Diabetes

Curtis Triplitt
Oct 1, 2006; 19:202-211
Pharmacy Update




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Disease-carrying mosquitoes could be common in Europe by 2030

Climate change could mean mosquitoes that can carry diseases like dengue, zika and yellow fever become established in southern Europe within 10 years.




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Drug Interactions of Medications Commonly Used in Diabetes

Curtis Triplitt
Oct 1, 2006; 19:202-211
Pharmacy Update




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Cybersecurity in the Commonwealth: Building the Foundations of Effective National Responses in the Caribbean

Invitation Only Research Event

8 March 2019 - 9:00am to 5:30pm

Bridgetown, Barbados

Event participants

Joyce Hakmeh, Cyber Research Fellow, International Security Department, Chatham House

This workshop is the second in a series in the 'Implementing the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Agenda' project. The workshop aims to provide a multi-stakeholder pan-Commonwealth platform to discuss how to take the implementation of the 'Commonwealth Cyber Declaration' forward with a focus on the second pillar of the declaration – building the foundations of an effective national cybersecurity response with eight action points. 

As such, the workshop gathers different project implementers under the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office’s Cyber Programme, in addition to other key relevant stakeholders from the global level, to explore ongoing initiatives which aim to deliver one or more of pillar two’s action points.

The workshop addresses issues from a global perspective and a Commonwealth perspective and will include presentations from selected partners from different Commonwealth countries.

Calum Inverarity

Research Analyst and Coordinator, International Security Department
+44 (0) 207 957 5751




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Cyber Governance in the Commonwealth: Towards Stability and Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace

Invitation Only Research Event

7 October 2019 - 10:30am to 5:30pm

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This roundtable is part of a series under the project, 'Implementing the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Agenda', funded by the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). The roundtable aims to provide a multi-stakeholder, pan-Commonwealth platform to discuss how to implement the Commonwealth Cyber Declaration with a focus on its third pillar 'To promote stability in cyberspace through international cooperation'.

In particular, the roundtable focuses on points 3 and 4 of the third pillar which revolve around the commitment to promote frameworks for stability in cyberspace including the applicability of international law, agreed voluntary norms of responsible state behaviour and the development and implementation of confidence-building measures consistent with the 2015 report of the UNGGE. 

The workshop also focuses on the commitment to advance discussions on how existing international law, including the Charter of the United Nations and applicable international humanitarian law, applies in cyberspace.

The roundtable addresses the issue of global cyber governance from a Commonwealth perspective and will also include a discussion around the way forward, the needed capacity of the different Commonwealth countries and the cooperation between its members for better cyber governance.

Participants include UNGGE members from Commonwealth countries in addition to representatives to the UN Open-Ended Working Group from African countries as well as members from academia, civil society and industry.

Calum Inverarity

Research Analyst and Coordinator, International Security Department
+44 (0) 207 957 5751




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The Commonwealth Cyber Declaration: Achievements and Way Forward

Invitation Only Research Event

4 February 2020 - 9:15am to 5:30pm

Chatham House, London

In April 2018, the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), held in London, saw the creation and the adoption of the Commonwealth Cyber Declaration. The declaration outlines the framework for a concerted effort to advance cybersecurity practices to promote a safe and prosperous cyberspace for Commonwealth citizens, businesses and societies. 

The conference will aim to provide an overview on the progress made on cybersecurity in the Commonwealth since the declaration was announced in 2018. In addition, it will examine future challenges and potential solutions going forward.

This conference is part of the International Security Programme's project on Implementing the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Agenda and will convene a range of senior Commonwealth representatives as well as a selection of civil society and industry stakeholders. This project aims to develop a pan-Commonwealth platform to take the Commonwealth Cyber Declaration forward by means of a holistic, inclusive and representative approach.

Please see below meeting summaries from previous events on Cybersecurity in the Commonwealth:  

Attendance at this event is by invitation only. 

Esther Naylor

Research Assistant, International Security Programme
+44 (0)20 7314 3628




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Translating Divergent Environmental Stresses into a Common Proteome Response through Hik33 in a Model Cyanobacterium [Research]

The histidine kinase Hik33 plays important roles in mediating cyanobacterial response to divergent types of abiotic stresses including cold, salt, high light (HL), and osmotic stresses. However, how these functions are regulated by Hik33 remains to be addressed. Using a hik33-deficient strain (hik33) of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) and quantitative proteomics, we found that Hik33 depletion induces differential protein expression highly similar to that induced by divergent types of stresses. This typically includes downregulation of proteins in photosynthesis and carbon assimilation that are necessary for cell propagation, and upregulation of heat shock proteins, chaperons, and proteases that are important for cell survival. This observation indicates that depletion of Hik33 alone mimics divergent types of abiotic stresses, and that Hik33 could be important for preventing abnormal stress response in the normal condition. Moreover, we found the majority of proteins of plasmid origin were significantly upregulated in hik33, though their biological significance remains to be addressed. Together, the systematically characterized Hik33-regulated cyanobacterial proteome, which is largely involved in stress responses, builds the molecular basis for Hik33 as a general regulator of stress responses.




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Julia Beluz And Victor Montori - Journalists And doctors; separated by a common evidence

The same piece of evidence may reach you via a journalist, or via your doctor - but the way in which that evidence is communicated is changed by your relationship between that person. Julia Beluz from Vox and Victor Montori from the Mayo Clinic join us to discuss if it's possible to reconcile those competing points of view.




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Nasal symptoms of the common cold

The common cold is usually mild and self limiting - but they’re very annoying, especially the runny nose and bunged up feeling that form the nasal symptoms. A new practice article, published on BMJ.com looks at the available evidence for treatment of those nasal symptoms - both pharmacological and alternative. In this podcast we're joined by...




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Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The "Common Soil" Hypothesis

Michael P Stern
Apr 1, 1995; 44:369-374
Perspectives in Diabetes




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The EU’s Un-Common Agricultural Policy

Invitation Only Research Event

21 October 2019 - 8:30am to 10:00am

Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE

Event participants

Ian Mitchell, Co-Director, Development Cooperation in Europe; Senior Policy Fellow and Associate Fellow, Energy, Environment and Resources Department, Chatham House
Chair: Ana Yang, Head of Land Use and Food Systems, Hoffmann Centre for Sustainable Resource Economy, Chatham House

Despite its name, the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) provides support to the agricultural sector that varies widely between the 27 member states. The OECD calculates the extent of this support at the EU level but members have blocked the organization calculating support levels for individual EU members. Overall, the EU’s producer support is equivalent to 20 per cent of farm income which is well-above the levels seen in the US at 12.2 per cent and China at 14.3 per cent.
 
This roundtable will discuss the first estimates of support levels by EU countries produced by Ian Mitchell from the Center for Global Development. It will look at both direct subsidies under the CAP and those that inflate market prices. The discussion will consider the implications for EU finance, for the potential role of EU subsidy reform and for the UK’s options after Brexit.
 
Attendance at this event is by invitation only. 

Event attributes

Chatham House Rule

Chloé Prendleloup




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Two new dental benefit guides address common hurdles anticipated when reopening practices

In the face of economic challenges, the ADA has released two online guides relating to third-party payment programs available at ADA.org/virus that are intended to help smooth the path of reopening practices: Handling Contract Negotiations and Handling Eligibility Verification




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Cracked Foundation, Uncertain Future: Structural Weaknesses in the Common European Asylum System

During the 2015–16 migration crisis, European asylum systems were stretched to a breaking point. Yet many of the structural issues that contributed to failures to register newcomers, insufficient reception capacity, and growing backlogs of asylum cases existed before—and many remain unresolved. This report critically evaluates Common European Asylum System legal and operational shortcomings at a time when reform is on the table.




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As Brussels seeks fresh ideas to reform the Common European Asylum System, innovative member state responses offer a wealth of lessons–and some caution

Brussels and Gütersloh, 05.03.2020 — Anticipated reform of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), which was high on the agenda as nearly 2 million asylum seekers arrived at Europe’s door in 2015-16, quickly fell victim to EU Member State competing views on what constitutes equal burden-sharing, domestic politics around migration and the urgency of first addressing overtaxed national asylum systems.




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5 Common Myths About Sexually Transmitted Infections

April is STD Awareness Month, so let’s take a little time to set the record straight on some popular myths about sexually transmitted infections and diseases. In this post, we’ll explore five of the most common misconceptions.




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Measuring the Impact of Common-Core Test Disruptions in Three States

A Smarter Balanced testing vendor has released completion rates in three states that had serious challenges giving the common-core aligned exam.




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North Dakota Bill Targets Common Core in Both Substance and Name

North Dakota lawmakers fended off an effort to ensure that the state's new standards, and any tests that might be used with them, won't mirror the common core.




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Alabama Will Keep Its Common Core Standards--For Now

Board members didn't act on a resolution to revoke Alabama's version of the Common Core State Standards.




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New York Set to Revise Common-Core Reading and Math Standards

New York state is considering adopting a new set of K-12 reading and math standards that differ somewhat from the Common Core State Standards, which have had rocky reception in the state since they went into place in 2010.




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Confiscation of assets : State and Commonwealth legislation and what constitutes the “conviction day” for the purposes of the State Act / presented by Matthew Meade, Legoe Chambers.




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Common costs problems / paper presented by Bill Ericson, Ericson Legal.




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Commonwealth child safe framework / Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, National Office for Child Safety.

This publication outlines the Commonwealth Child Safe Framework requirements and guidance for its implementation.The primary audience for this publication is Commonwealth entities. This publication has been developed to assist entities to understand and implement the requirements of the Commonwealth Child Safe Framework.




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Credit when it's due : timely reminders help consumers reduce their credit card debt / Behavioural Economics Team of the Australian Government, Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

Consumers who only make the minimum repayment on their credit card could be paying hundreds of dollars a year in high interest payments. To help, BETA partnered with the Treasury and Westpac to see if reminders could encourage consumers to pay earlier and save money. We found any type of SMS reminder resulted in a $134 (28 per cent) increase in repayments in the following month, compared to those who received no message. However, different SMS messages all had a similar impact and we were unable to detect an effect from sending email reminders. Overall, the findings suggest that sending an SMS reminder to credit card consumers before their payment due date is a simple, cost-effective way to improve their financial wellbeing.




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Richer veins for behavioural insight : an exploration of the opportunities to apply behavioural insights in public policy / Behavioural Economics Team of the Australian Government, Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

The use of behavioural insights in public policy has traditionally focused on small, low cost 'nudges' to improve communications, increase compliance and enhance the way services are delivered. But BETA has begun to look beyond to identify a smaller set of 'richer veins' where BI can offer high financial and social impact. These areas includes consumer choice, financial decision-making and personal wellbeing.




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Synergistic genetic biocontrol options for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) / Claus Wedekind.




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Delivering government priorities : PM&C Corporate Plan 2019-2023 / Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.




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Reclaiming the urban commons : the past, present and future of food growing in Australian towns and cities / edited by Nick Rose and Andrea Gaynor.

Food security -- Australia.




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Holistic management : a commonsense revolution to restore our environment / Allan Savory ; with Jody Butterfield.

Environmental economics.




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Outback railwaymen : life on the Commonwealth Railways / Nick Anchen.

Commonwealth Railways (Australia) -- History.




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The politics of the common good : dispossession in Australia / Jane R. Goodall.

Common good.




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Domestic medicine : or, a treatise on the prevention and cure of diseases by regimen and simple medicines. With an appendix, containing a dispensatory for the use of private practitioners. To which are added, observations on the diet of the common people;

London : printed for A. Strahan, T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, 1800.




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People Keep on Saying They're Killing the Common Core. How Dead Is It?

Florida's governor declares a standards overhaul would "remove all vestiges" of the common core. But it remains unclear how much is really changing under the Florida Benchmarks for Excellent Student Thinking.




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Finding Common Ground Through Data to Improve Idaho's Teacher Pipeline

A superintendent outlines the importance of various groups coming together to address teacher recruitment and retention challenges in Idaho.




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Should Home Schoolers Follow the Common Core?

A home schooling advocacy group was concerned when a state legislator proposed requiring home schoolers to follow the Common Core State Standards.




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A new orchard, and garden: or, the best way for planting, grafting, and to make any ground good, for a rich orchard: : particularly in the north and generally for the whole common-wealth as in nature, reason, situation, and all probability, may and doth a

London : printed by W. Wilson, for E. Brewster, and George Sawbridge, at the Bible on Ludgate-Hill, neere Fleet-bridge, 1653.




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Consistent model selection criteria and goodness-of-fit test for common time series models

Jean-Marc Bardet, Kare Kamila, William Kengne.

Source: Electronic Journal of Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 2009--2052.

Abstract:
This paper studies the model selection problem in a large class of causal time series models, which includes both the ARMA or AR($infty $) processes, as well as the GARCH or ARCH($infty $), APARCH, ARMA-GARCH and many others processes. To tackle this issue, we consider a penalized contrast based on the quasi-likelihood of the model. We provide sufficient conditions for the penalty term to ensure the consistency of the proposed procedure as well as the consistency and the asymptotic normality of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator of the chosen model. We also propose a tool for diagnosing the goodness-of-fit of the chosen model based on a Portmanteau test. Monte-Carlo experiments and numerical applications on illustrative examples are performed to highlight the obtained asymptotic results. Moreover, using a data-driven choice of the penalty, they show the practical efficiency of this new model selection procedure and Portemanteau test.




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On unbalanced data and common shock models in stochastic loss reserving. (arXiv:2005.03500v1 [q-fin.RM])

Introducing common shocks is a popular dependence modelling approach, with some recent applications in loss reserving. The main advantage of this approach is the ability to capture structural dependence coming from known relationships. In addition, it helps with the parsimonious construction of correlation matrices of large dimensions. However, complications arise in the presence of "unbalanced data", that is, when (expected) magnitude of observations over a single triangle, or between triangles, can vary substantially. Specifically, if a single common shock is applied to all of these cells, it can contribute insignificantly to the larger values and/or swamp the smaller ones, unless careful adjustments are made. This problem is further complicated in applications involving negative claim amounts. In this paper, we address this problem in the loss reserving context using a common shock Tweedie approach for unbalanced data. We show that the solution not only provides a much better balance of the common shock proportions relative to the unbalanced data, but it is also parsimonious. Finally, the common shock Tweedie model also provides distributional tractability.




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Mental Conditioning to Perform Common Operations in General Surgery Training

9783319911649 978-3-319-91164-9




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Common problems in the newborn nursery : an evidence and case-based guide

9783319956725 (electronic bk.)





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Common oceans – our shared responsibility

Oceans cover 70 percent of our planet. But did you know that 40 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by what is known as our common oceans?  




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Despite Their Differences, Dogs and Horses Find Common Ground in Play

Canine-equid pairs can mimic each other’s facial expressions during play, which has never been seen between animals of different species




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Comment on "Commonwealth Games will deliver" – ESPN STAR Sports by Namrata

<span class="topsy_trackback_comment"><span class="topsy_twitter_username"><span class="topsy_trackback_content">"Commonwealth Games will deliver" – ESPN STAR Sports | RSS Feeds ...: Globe and Mail"Commonwealth Games will deliv... http://bit.ly/9hmE8P</span></span>




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Finding the ‘Common Good’ in a Pandemic

The Harvard political philosopher Michael Sandel offers his take.




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Mothers of different cultures find commonality

A local Chinese mother teaches Cantonese to three Pakistani mothers before they all watch the film 'Magdalena: Released from Shame' together.




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Common-Core Deal in Florida Sparks Legal Feud

The Florida Department of Education is in a bitter dispute with a software company it hired to create online resources aligned with the standards for teachers and students.




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Zhao on Entrepreneurship, the Common Core, and Bacon

Yong Zhao speaks to BookMarks about the new education paradigm that he proposes in World Class Leaders (Corwin, 2012).




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Prospective Association of Common Eating Disorders and Adverse Outcomes

Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is the most common eating disorder diagnosis. Binge eating disorder, 1 type of EDNOS, is associated with obesity among adults. Little is known about the health outcomes associated with other types of EDNOS.

This is the first study to evaluate the prospective association of full and subthreshold bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, purging disorder, and other EDNOSs with specific mental and physical health outcomes. (Read the full article)