Title: Hormone Might Help Preemies' Brains
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2014 4:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: 'Doctor-Shopping' for Painkillers Common After Broken-Bone Surgery, Study Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2014 9:35:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/29/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: One-Third of Mass Shootings Worldwide Occur in U.S.
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Weight Loss Fights Liver Condition, No Matter How It's Done
Category: Health News
Created: 8/21/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Teens Not the Only Ones Using Cellphones While Driving
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Childhood Cancer Survivors Who've Had One Stroke at Risk of Second
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Blood Test May One Day Predict Breast Cancer Relapse
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Growth Hormone May Lower Odds of Fractures in Older Women
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Hopes Dashed for Rare Bone Cancer Treatment
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: Hep B Vaccine Should Be Given Sooner: Pediatricians Group
Category: Health News
Created: 8/28/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Eating Feeds 'Feel Good' Hormones in the Brain
Category: Health News
Created: 8/31/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/31/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Another Outbreak of Salmonella Traced to Pet Turtles
Category: Health News
Created: 8/30/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/31/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Salmonella Outbreak in 4 States Linked to Kosher Chicken: CDC
Category: Health News
Created: 8/30/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/30/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Preventing Kidney Stones
Category: Health News
Created: 8/30/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Major Study Gives Women More Guidance on Hormone Therapy During Menopause
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Bee Healthy: Honey May Beat Cold Meds Against Cough
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Peaches Has Now Sickened 78 People in 12 States: CDC
Category: Health News
Created: 8/28/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: One Pandemic Silver Lining: Fewer Severe Asthma Attacks in Kids
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: One Activity Causes 4 Out of 5 Sports-Linked Spinal Injuries
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Salmonella Outbreak in 17 States Tied to Italian-Style Meats
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Smart Phones, Watches Can Mess With Implanted Pacemakers
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: One Benefit of Online Learning: Better Sleep for Kids
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Fratelli Beretta Antipasto Trays Are the Source of Salmonella Outbreak: CDC
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Space Travel Speeds Up Aging, Weakening of Bones
Category: Health News
Created: 8/4/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/4/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Could One Type of Cheese Help Strengthen Your Bones?
Category: Health News
Created: 8/3/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/4/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Vegan? Weightlifting May Protect Your Bones
Category: Health News
Created: 8/5/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/5/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pandemic Brought More Woes for Kids Prone to Headaches
Category: Health News
Created: 8/9/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/10/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Can Your Smartphone Spot a Narrowed Neck Artery?
Category: Health News
Created: 8/17/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/17/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: What Is the Life Expectancy of Someone With CLOVES Syndrome?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: naloxone
Category: Medications
Created: 8/22/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/22/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Dietary Supplements: Are You Throwing Money Away?
Category: Health News
Created: 8/2/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/2/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Tramadol vs. Hydrocodone
Category: Medications
Created: 4/24/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/5/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Helping Older Loved Ones in a Heat Wave
Category: Health News
Created: 7/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/25/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: When Removing a Big Kidney Stone, Get the Little Ones, Too
Category: Health News
Created: 8/11/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/11/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pot Users Are Less Prone to Sinus Problems
Category: Health News
Created: 8/1/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/2/2022 12:00:00 AM

Extract

We read with great interest the correspondence by T. Bitter and co-workers in the European Respiratory Review, about our recently published review entitled "Central sleep apnoea: not just one phenotype" [1]. We first want to express our gratefulness to the authors for their support and appreciation of our work, particularly regarding the urgent need for an increasingly differentiated view of central sleep apnoea (CSA) in the context of precision medicine.

Background

People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of symptoms. This review aimed to determine whether multicomponent services reduce symptoms in people with serious illness related to respiratory disease.

Two decades into the era of Electronic Health Records (EHRs), the promise of streamlining clinical care, reducing burden, and improving patient outcomes has yet to be realized. A cross-sectional family physician census conducted by the American Board of Family Medicine in 2022 and 2023 included self-reported physician EHR satisfaction. Of the nearly 10,000 responding family physicians, only one-in-four (26.2%) report being very satisfied and one-in-three (33.8%) were not satisfied. These low levels of satisfaction point to the need for greater transparency in the marketplace and pressure to increase user-centric EHR design.

Purpose:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is recommended starting at age 45, but there has been little research on strategies to promote screening among patients younger than 50. This study assessed the effect of a multicomponent intervention on screening completion in this age group.

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are important hepatic transporters. We previously identified OATP1B3 being critically implicated in the disposition of abiraterone. We aimed to further investigate the effects of abiraterone on the activities of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 utilizing a validated endogenous biomarker coproporphyrin I (CP-I). We used OATP1B-transfected cells to characterize the inhibitory potential of abiraterone against OATP1B-mediated uptake of CP-I. Inhibition constant (K_i) was incorporated into our physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to simulate the systemic exposures of CP-I among cancer populations receiving either our model-informed 500 mg or clinically approved 1000 mg abiraterone acetate (AA) dosage. Simulated data were compared with clinical CP-I concentrations determined among our nine metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving 500 mg AA treatment. Abiraterone inhibited OATP1B3-mediated, but not OATP1B1-mediated, uptake of CP-I in vitro, with an estimated K_i of 3.93 μM. Baseline CP-I concentrations were simulated to be 0.81 ± 0.26 ng/ml and determined to be 0.72 ± 0.16 ng/ml among metastatic prostate cancer patients, both of which were higher than those observed for healthy subjects. PBPK simulations revealed an absence of OATP1B3-mediated interaction between abiraterone and CP-I. Our clinical observations confirmed that CP-I concentrations remained comparable to baseline levels up to 12 weeks post 500 mg AA treatment. Using CP-I as an endogenous biomarker, we identified the inhibition of abiraterone on OATP1B3 but not OATP1B1 in vitro, which was predicted and observed to be clinically insignificant. We concluded that the interaction risk between AA and substrates of OATP1Bs is low.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) was established in 2012 with the goal of expanding contraceptive access. By 2020, 46 countries had made commitments to FP2020. A sustained focus on adolescents and youth (AY) began in 2016. During the commitment formulation process, substantial support was offered to countries to develop AY commitments based on sound data, research evidence, and programmatic experience. This study assesses how country commitments under FP2020 and FP2030 have evolved over time with respect to improving attention to and focus on the needs of adolescents and youth sexual and reproductive health (AYSRH).Methods:We analyzed the content of FP2020 and FP2030 country commitments focusing on AY (aged 10–24 years) using a scoring guideline we developed to measure the AY commitments in terms of completeness, clarity, and quality.Results:This analysis shows that FP2030 commitments better articulate strategies and activities to reach AY with contraceptive information and services when compared to FP2020 commitments.Conclusion:FP2030 commitments are stronger in some areas on AYSRH, such as commitment to establish national or local policies, strategies, and guidance for AY programming, specifying the target audience of the AY commitment, and partnering with AY or youth-led organizations in commitments. However, more work remains to be done by countries to dedicate a budget for achieving AY objectives, including measurable targets for monitoring progress, identifying and addressing the root causes that impact AY access to and use of contraception, including child marriage and gender-based violence, and reducing financial barriers to access contraception.

Despite a significant decrease in the number of prescriptions for opioids, the opioid crisis continues, fueled in large part by the availability of the phenylpiperidine mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist fentanyl. In contrast, the number of prescriptions for and the off-label use of gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) has increased dramatically, with gabapentinoids commonly detected in opioid overdose victims. Although gabapentinoids can decrease the potency of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone to reverse heroin-induced hypoventilation in male rats, the specificity and nature of interaction between gabapentinoids and MOR agonists and any potential sex difference in those interactions are not well characterized. Gabapentinoids were studied in female and male rats discriminating fentanyl (0.0032 mg/kg, i.p.) or cocaine (3.2 mg/kg, i.p.). Alone, neither gabapentin nor pregabalin significantly increased fentanyl- or cocaine-appropriate responding. In rats discriminating fentanyl, each gabapentinoid dose-dependently shifted the fentanyl and heroin discrimination dose-effect functions to the left, whereas naloxone dose-dependently shifted the fentanyl and heroin discrimination dose-effect functions to the right. Each gabapentinoid (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased the potency of naloxone to antagonize the discriminative stimulus effect of fentanyl or heroin. In contrast, each gabapentinoid dose-dependently shifted the cocaine and d-methamphetamine discrimination dose-effect functions to the right. There were no significant sex differences in this study. These results suggest that gabapentinoids impact the misuse of opioids, the co-use of opioids and stimulant drugs, and the increasing number of overdose deaths in individuals using opioids, stimulant drugs, and gabapentinoids in mixtures.

Clinical reports suggest that the most effective strategies for managing opioid use disorder comprise a comprehensive treatment program of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. However, the conditions under which these combinations are most effective are not well characterized. This study examined whether the presence of an alternative reinforcer could alter the efficacy of Food and Drug Administration–approved opioid antagonist or agonist medications, as well as the nonopioid flumazenil, in decreasing oxycodone choice self-administration in nonhuman primates. Adult squirrel monkeys (n = 7; four females) responded under concurrent second-order fixed-ratio (FR)-3(FR5:S);TO45s schedules of reinforcement for intravenous oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg) or saline on one lever and 30% sweetened condensed milk or water on the other. Doses of naltrexone (0.00032–1.0 mg/kg), nalbuphine (0.32–10 mg/kg), buprenorphine (0.0032–0.032 mg/kg), methadone (0.32–1.0 mg/kg), or flumazenil (1–3.2 mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly prior to oxycodone self-administration sessions that occurred with either milk or water as the alternative. Naltrexone, a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, was >30-fold more potent when milk was available compared with water and abolished oxycodone intake (injections/session) while concomitantly increasing milk deliveries at the highest dose tested. Pretreatment with the low-efficacy μ-agonist nalbuphine was most effective in the presence of milk compared with water, decreasing oxycodone preference to <50% of control values. The higher efficacy μ-agonists, methadone and buprenorphine, and the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil did not appreciably alter the reinforcing potency of oxycodone under either condition. These results suggest that antagonist medications used in combination with alternative reinforcers may be an effective strategy to curtail opioid abuse–related behaviors.

Cannabinoid and opioid receptor activities can be modulated by a variety of post-translational mechanisms including the formation of interacting complexes. This study examines the involvement of endogenous and exogenous chaperones in modulating the abundance and activity of cannabinoid CB₁ receptor (CB₁R), opioid receptor (DOR), and CB₁R-DOR interacting complexes. Focusing on endogenous protein chaperones, namely receptor transporter proteins (RTPs), we examined relative mRNA expression in the mouse spinal cord and found RTP4 to be expressed at higher levels compared with other RTPs. Next, we assessed the effect of RTP4 on receptor abundance by manipulating RTP4 expression in cell lines. Overexpression of RTP4 causes an increase and knock-down causes a decrease in the levels of CB₁R, DOR, and CB₁R-DOR interacting complexes; this is accompanied by parallel changes in signaling. The ability of small molecule lipophilic ligands to function as exogenous chaperones was examined using receptor-selective antagonists. Long-term treatment leads to increases in receptor abundance and activity with no changes in mRNA supporting a role as pharmacological chaperones. Finally, the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a small molecule ligand and a major active component of cannabis, on receptor abundance and activity in mice was examined. We find that CBD administration leads to increases in receptor abundance and activity in mouse spinal cord. Together, these results highlight a role for chaperones (proteins and small molecules) in modulating levels and activity of CB₁R, DOR, and their interacting complexes potentially through mechanisms including receptor maturation and trafficking.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment, routinely manifesting as increased pain sensitivity (allodynia) in distal extremities. Despite its prevalence, effective treatment options are limited. Cannabinoids are increasingly being evaluated for their ability to treat chronic pain conditions, including CIPN. While previous studies have revealed sex differences in cannabinoid-mediated antinociception in acute and chronic pain models, there is a paucity of studies addressing potential sex differences in the response of CIPN to cannabinoid treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the long-term antiallodynic efficacy of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB₁)-selective, cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB₂)-selective, and CB₁/CB₂ mixed agonists in the cisplatin CIPN model, using both male and female mice. CB₁ selective agonism was observed to have sex differences in the development of tolerance to antiallodynic effects, with females developing tolerance more rapidly than males, while the antiallodynic effects of selective CB₂ agonism lacked tolerance development. Compound-specific changes to the female estrous cycle and female plasma estradiol levels were noted, with CB₁ selective agonism decreasing plasma estradiol while CB₂ selective agonism increased plasma estradiol. Chronic administration of a mixed CB₁/CB₂ agonist resulted in increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and endocannabinoid regulatory enzymes in female spinal cord tissue. Ovarian tissue was noted to have proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression following administration of a CB₂ acting compound while selective CB₁ agonism resulted in decreased proinflammatory cytokines and endocannabinoid regulatory enzymes in testes. These results support the need for further investigation into the role of sex and sex hormones signaling in pain and cannabinoid-mediated antinociceptive effects.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Intracranial epidermoids temporal bone cholesteatomas, and head and neck epidermal inclusion cysts are typically slow-growing, benign conditions arising from ectodermal tissue. They exhibit increased signal on DWI. While much of the imaging literature describes these lesions as showing diffusion restriction, we investigated these qualitative signal intensities and interpretations of restricted diffusion with respect to normal brain structures. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the ADC values and histogram features of these lesions.

Advancements in immunotherapy in the perioperative setting have revolutionised the treatment of resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we present the methodology and results of the clinical trial CheckMate 816 demonstrating the benefit of neoadjuvant therapy with nivolumab plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, this article discusses the implications for future practice in resectable NSCLC and the need for future research.

Bone marrow transplantation, now often known as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is a complex choreographed procedure used to treat both acquired and inherited disorders of the bone marrow. It has proven invaluable as therapy for haematological and immunological disorders, and more recently in the treatment of metabolic and enzyme disorders. As the number of performed transplants grows annually, and with patients enjoying improved survival, a knowledge of both early and late complications of HSCT is essential for respiratory trainees and physicians in practice. This article highlights the spectrum of respiratory complications, both infectious and non-infectious, the timeline of their likely occurrence, and the approaches used for diagnosis and treatment, keeping in mind that more than one entity may occur simultaneously. As respiratory issues are often a leading cause of short- and long-term morbidity, consideration of a combined haematology/respiratory clinic may prove useful in this patient population.

A nudibranch from the midnight zone has fingers on its tail, collects food with a hood, and glows.