injury

Psychiatric Scars of Wartime Brain Injury May Linger for Years

Title: Psychiatric Scars of Wartime Brain Injury May Linger for Years
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2017 12:00:00 AM




injury

E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Without Respiratory Symptoms

Electronic cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) is a newly emerging diagnosis in the United States, yet the incidence has surged greatly in the past year. With the trend of using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vaping rising at an alarming rate among teenagers, many are resorting to friends, illicit drug dealers, and other informal sources to obtain their e-cigarettes, which is greatly contributing to the national outbreak of EVALI. The incidence of adolescents presenting with the constellation of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and constitutional symptoms characteristic of EVALI has been widely reported within the nation. We present one such case of an adolescent boy with a 2-year history of daily vaping who presented with nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and fever but lacked the respiratory symptoms that have been reported in the majority of EVALI cases reported thus far. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed an incidental finding of lung pathology characteristic of EVALI, prompting further workup and diagnosis of EVALI. In this case, it is demonstrated that the presentation of EVALI can be variable and is still poorly defined. The rising morbidity and mortality from EVALI reveal the importance of considering EVALI in all patients with a history of vaping or e-cigarette use, regardless of the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms.




injury

Complement Deficiencies Result in Surrogate Pathways of Complement Activation in Novel Polygenic Lupus-like Models of Kidney Injury [AUTOIMMUNITY]

Key Points

  • Novel TM lupus mouse strains develop spontaneous nephritis.

  • In C1q deficiency, kidney complement activation likely occurred via the LP.

  • In C3 deficiency, coagulation cascade contributed to kidney complement activation.




    injury

    Plasma Biomarkers of Tubular Injury and Inflammation Are Associated with CKD Progression in Children

    Background

    After accounting for known risk factors for CKD progression in children, clinical outcomes among children with CKD still vary substantially. Biomarkers of tubular injury (such as KIM-1), repair (such as YKL-40), or inflammation (such as MCP-1, suPAR, TNF receptor-1 [TNFR-1], and TNFR-2) may identify children with CKD at risk for GFR decline.

    Methods

    We investigated whether plasma KIM-1, YKL-40, MCP-1, suPAR, TNFR-1, and TNFR-2 are associated with GFR decline in children with CKD and in subgroups defined by glomerular versus nonglomerular cause of CKD. We studied participants of the prospective CKiD Cohort Study which enrolled children with an eGFR of 30–90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and then assessed eGFR annually. Biomarkers were measured in plasma collected 5 months after study enrollment. The primary endpoint was CKD progression, defined as a composite of a 50% decline in eGFR or incident ESKD.

    Results

    Of the 651 children evaluated (median age 11 years; median baseline eGFR of 53 ml/min per 1.73 m2), 195 (30%) had a glomerular cause of CKD. Over a median follow-up of 5.7 years, 223 children (34%) experienced CKD progression to the composite endpoint. After multivariable adjustment, children with a plasma KIM-1, TNFR-1, or TNFR-2 concentration in the highest quartile were at significantly higher risk of CKD progression compared with children with a concentration for the respective biomarker in the lowest quartile (a 4-fold higher risk for KIM-1 and TNFR-1 and a 2-fold higher risk for TNFR-2). Plasma MCP-1, suPAR, and YKL-40 were not independently associated with progression. When stratified by glomerular versus nonglomerular etiology of CKD, effect estimates did not differ significantly.

    Conclusions

    Higher plasma KIM-1, TNFR-1, and TNFR-2 are independently associated with CKD progression in children.




    injury

    Protein Kinase C-{delta} Mediates Kidney Tubular Injury in Cold Storage-Associated Kidney Transplantation

    Background

    Kidney injury associated with cold storage is a determinant of delayed graft function and the long-term outcome of transplanted kidneys, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously reported a role of protein kinase C- (PKC) in renal tubular injury during cisplatin nephrotoxicity and albumin-associated kidney injury, but whether PKC is involved in ischemic or transplantation-associated kidney injury is unknown.

    Methods

    To investigate PKC’s potential role in injury during cold storage–associated transplantation, we incubated rat kidney proximal tubule cells in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4°C for cold storage, returning them to normal culture medium at 37°C for rewarming. We also stored kidneys from donor mice in cold UW solution for various durations, followed by transplantation into syngeneic recipient mice.

    Results

    We observed PKC activation in both in vitro and in vivo models of cold-storage rewarming or transplantation. In the mouse model, PKC was activated and accumulated in mitochondria, where it mediated phosphorylation of a mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), at serine 616. Drp1 activation resulted in mitochondrial fission or fragmentation, accompanied by mitochondrial damage and tubular cell death. Deficiency of PKC in donor kidney ameliorated Drp1 phosphorylation, mitochondrial damage, tubular cell death, and kidney injury during cold storage–associated transplantation. PKC deficiency also improved the repair and function of the renal graft as a life-supporting kidney. An inhibitor of PKC, V1-1, protected kidneys against cold storage–associated transplantation injury.

    Conclusions

    These results indicate that PKC is a key mediator of mitochondrial damage and renal tubular injury in cold storage–associated transplantation and may be an effective therapeutic target for improving renal transplant outcomes.




    injury

    SerpinB2 Regulates Immune Response in Kidney Injury and Aging

    Background

    Expression of SerpinB2, a regulator of inflammatory processes, has been described in the context of macrophage activation and cellular senescence. Given that mechanisms for these processes interact and can shape kidney disease, it seems plausible that SerpinB2 might play a role in renal aging, injury, and repair.

    Methods

    We subjected SerpinB2 knockout mice to ischemia-reperfusion injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction. We performed phagocyte depletion to study SerpinB2’s role beyond the effects of macrophages and transplanted bone marrow from knockout mice to wild-type mice and vice versa to dissect cell type–dependent effects. Primary tubular cells and macrophages from SerpinB2 knockout and wild-type mice were used for functional studies and transcriptional profiling.

    Results

    Cultured senescent tubular cells, kidneys of aged mice, and renal stress models exhibited upregulation of SerpinB2 expression. Functionally, lack of SerpinB2 in aged knockout mice had no effect on the magnitude of senescence markers but associated with enhanced kidney damage and fibrosis. In stress models, inflammatory cell infiltration was initially lower in knockout mice but later increased, leading to an accumulation of significantly more macrophages. SerpinB2 knockout tubular cells showed significantly reduced expression of the chemokine CCL2. Macrophages from knockout mice exhibited reduced phagocytosis and enhanced migration. Macrophage depletion and bone marrow transplantation experiments validated the functional relevance of these cell type–specific functions of SerpinB2.

    Conclusions

    SerpinB2 influences tubule-macrophage crosstalk by supporting tubular CCL2 expression and regulating macrophage phagocytosis and migration. In mice, SerpinB2 expression seems to be needed for coordination and timely resolution of inflammation, successful repair, and kidney homeostasis during aging. Implications of SerpinB2 in human kidney disease deserve further exploration.




    injury

    E-Cigarettes, Vaping Devices, and Acute Lung Injury

    “E-cigarettes” are a class of consumer devices designed to deliver drugs, primarily nicotine or marijuana oils, to the lung by vaporization. Regulation of the devices in the United States is relatively minimal, and research on both epidemiology and potential toxicity has focused on nicotine devices. In 2019, an outbreak of an acute respiratory illness in the United States was traced back to the contamination of e-cigarette fluids with vitamin E acetate, which had been used to disguise the dilution of marijuana oils. The outbreak, termed “e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury” by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, was characterized by pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxia, which usually required hospitalization and, often, admission to ICUs. The syndrome sickened >2,600 people, mostly young men, and killed >50 people before it began to abate 6 months later. No current regulations exist to prevent a similar event with the same or different chemical contaminants. Absent such regulation, respiratory practitioners should be prepared to evaluate, identify, and treat future cases of acute lung toxicity from e-cigarettes.




    injury

    Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Alters Expression and Activities of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in an Age-Dependent Manner in Mouse Liver [Articles]

    Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a global medical problem. The risk of DILI is often related to expression and activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes, especially cytochrome P450s (P450s). However, changes on expression and activities of P450s after DILI have not been determined. The aim of this study is to fill this knowledge gap. Acetaminophen (APAP) was used as a model drug to induce DILI in C57BL/6J mice at different ages of days 10 (infant), 22 (child), and 60 (adult). DILI was assessed by levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in plasma with a confirmation by H&E staining on liver tissue sections. The expression of selected P450s at mRNA and protein levels was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The activities of these P450s were determined by the formation of metabolites from probe drugs for each P450 using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. DILI was induced at mild to severe levels in a dose-dependent manner in 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg APAP-treated groups at child and adult ages, but not at the infant age. Significantly decreased expression at mRNA and protein levels as well as enzymatic activities of CYP2E1, 3A11, 1A2, and 2C29 were found at child and adult ages. Adult male mice were more susceptible to APAP-induced liver injury than female mice with more decreased expression of P450s. These results suggest that altered levels of P450s in livers severely injured by drugs may affect the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, which are metabolized by P450s, more particularly for males.

    SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

    The current study in an animal model demonstrates that acetaminophen-induced liver injury results in decreased expression and enzyme activities of several examined drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (P450s). The extent of such decreases is correlated to the degree of liver injury severity. The generated data may be translated to human health for patients who have drug-induced liver injury with decreased capability to metabolize drugs by certain P450s.




    injury

    Evaluation of Dose-Fractionated Polymyxin B on Acute Kidney Injury Using a Translational In Vivo Rat Model [Pharmacology]

    We investigated dose-fractionated polymyxin B (PB) on acute kidney injury (AKI). PB at 12 mg of drug/kg of body weight per day (once, twice, and thrice daily) was administered in rats over 72 h. The thrice-daily group demonstrated the highest KIM-1 increase (P = 0.018) versus that of the controls (P = 0.99) and histopathological damage (P = 0.013). A three-compartment model best described the data (bias, 0.129 mg/liter; imprecision, 0.729 mg2/liter2; R2, 0.652,). Area under the concentration-time curve at 24 h (AUC24) values were similar (P = 0.87). The thrice-daily dosing scheme resulted in the most PB-associated AKI in a rat model.




    injury

    Levonadifloxacin, a Novel Benzoquinolizine Fluoroquinolone, Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Whole-Blood Assay and Murine Acute Lung Injury Model [Pharmacology]

    Fluoroquinolones are reported to possess immunomodulatory activity; hence, a novel benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone, levonadifloxacin, was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human whole-blood (HWB) and mouse acute lung injury (ALI) models. Levonadifloxacin significantly mitigated the inflammatory responses in an HWB assay through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and in the ALI model by lowering lung total white blood cell count, myeloperoxidase, and cytokine levels. The immunomodulatory effect of levonadifloxacin, along with promising antibacterial activity, is expected to provide clinical benefits in the treatment of infections.




    injury

    Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Radiologic Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Emergency Setting [INTERVENTIONAL]

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

    The use of invasive cerebral angiography with CTA for active treatment of patients with suspected ischemic strokes has been increasing recently. This study aimed to identify the incidence of postcontrast acute kidney injury using baseline renal function when CTA and cerebral angiography were performed sequentially.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:

    This retrospective observational study evaluated adults (18 years of age or older) with ischemic stroke who underwent CTA and cerebral angiography sequentially between 2010 and 2018. The incidence of postcontrast acute kidney injury was determined using the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate. The value of the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate at which the occurrence of postcontrast acute kidney injury increased was also determined.

    RESULTS:

    Postcontrast acute kidney injury occurred in 57/601 (9.5%) patients. Those with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 showed a higher incidence of acute kidney injury. Age, chronic kidney disease, medication (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, β blockers, statins, and insulin) use following contrast media exposure, and serum albumin affected the incidence of postcontrast acute kidney injury. The incidence of postcontrast acute kidney injury increased when the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was <43 mL/min/1.73 m2.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Patients with low baseline renal function had the highest incidence of postcontrast acute kidney injury after CTA and cerebral angiography, but no fatal adverse effects were documented. Thus, patients suspected of having a stroke should be actively managed with respect to neurovascular function.




    injury

    Anoxic Brain Injury Detection with the Normalized Diffusion to ASL Perfusion Ratio: Implications for Blood-Brain Barrier Injury and Permeability [FUNCTIONAL]

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

    Anoxic brain injury is a result of prolonged hypoxia. We sought to describe the nonquantitative arterial spin-labeling perfusion imaging patterns of anoxic brain injury, characterize the relationship of arterial spin-labeling and DWI, and evaluate the normalized diffusion-to-perfusion ratio to differentiate patients with anoxic brain injury from healthy controls.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:

    We identified all patients diagnosed with anoxic brain injuries from 2002 to 2019. Twelve ROIs were drawn on arterial spin-labeling with coordinate-matched ROIs identified on DWI. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between arterial spin-labeling perfusion and diffusion signal. Normalized diffusion-to-perfusion maps were generated using a custom-built algorithm.

    RESULTS:

    Thirty-five patients with anoxic brain injuries and 34 healthy controls were identified. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between arterial spin-labeling and DWI signal. By means of a combinatory cutoff of slope of >0 and R2 of > 0.78, linear regression using arterial spin-labeling and DWI showed a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.71–0.94) and specificity of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.66–0.92) for anoxic brain injuries. A normalized diffusion-to-perfusion color map demonstrated heterogeneous ratios throughout the brain in healthy controls and homogeneous ratios in patients with anoxic brain injuries.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    In anoxic brain injuries, a homogeneously positive correlation between qualitative perfusion and DWI signal was identified so that areas of increased diffusion signal showed increased ASL signal. By exploiting this relationship, the normalized diffusion-to-perfusion ratio color map may be a valuable imaging biomarker for diagnosing anoxic brain injury and potentially assessing BBB integrity.




    injury

    Loss of beloved pet worst injury Beaulieu suffered in bone-breaking, pandemic-paused season

    You know who you are. You know what you did. And to the driver who killed Nathan Beaulieu’s dog in a cowardly hit-and-run, the Winnipeg Jets defenceman wants you to ...




    injury

    My patient's marriage was saved by a brain injury

    Our brains influence all aspects of our lives, including our sexual desires. This means brain injuries can have some surprising effects, says Amee Baird




    injury

    Man charged with murder after 88-year-old widower died from head injury in quiet Surrey village

    A man has been charged with murder after the death of an 88-year-old widower in a quiet English village.




    injury

    Sopranos and Bad Boys actor Joe Pantoliano suffers &apos;severe head injury&apos; in car accident

    Actor was struck by vehicle during family walk




    injury

    Manchester United star Paul Pogba lifts lid on injury frustration as he nears return to fitness

    Manchester United star Paul Pogba has opened up on his injury frustration, but says his time on the sidelines has reminded him how much he loves football.




    injury

    Jack Wilshere concedes West Ham transfer &apos;hasn&apos;t worked out&apos; as injury-plagued star faces uncertain future

    Jack Wilshere has admitted his transfer to West Ham "hasn't worked out" as he had hoped amid uncertainty over his future at the club.




    injury

    Victor Wanyama &apos;p***** off&apos; over Champions League snub, accuses Tottenham of not backing him after injury

    Victor Wanyama says he was "p***** off" to be dropped for Tottenham's Champions League Final defeat last season and accused the club of a lack of support following a serious knee injury in 2017.




    injury

    Christian Pulisic ready and waiting for Chelsea return after &apos;freak&apos; injury

    Christian Pulisic is missing football as much as anyone else, but the lockdown has at least allowed him the time to return to fitness.




    injury

    Paul Pogba delivers injury update as Manchester United star offers lockdown fitness advice

    Paul Pogba is targeting an immediate comeback from injury for Manchester United when Premier League football returns.





    injury

    Man taken to hospital with head injury after 'violent disturbance' in Chorlton

    A 25-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of section 18 assault



    • Greater Manchester News

    injury

    $2.3 Million NIH Grant for Exercise-After-Injury Research

    Investigators will use the money to pinpoint the optimal amount of exercise needed after joint injury to reduce inflammation, speed healing, and minimize osteoarthritis.
    Medscape Medical News




    injury

    Brian May says he 'won't be able to walk or sleep for a while' after gardening injury

    Queen guitarist Brian May says he ended up in hospital and was left unable to walk after "ripping his glutes to shreds" while gardening.




    injury

    Queen's Brian May hospitalized for butt injury after 'over-enthusiastic gardening'

    "I managed to rip my Gluteus Maximus to shreds," Queen guitarist Brian May shared on Instagram, along with a photo of himself sporting a mask in the hospital.




    injury

    NICE publishes rapid COVID-19 guideline for acute kidney injury

    The guideline is designed to help healthcare professionals who are not kidney specialists to prevent, detect and manage AKI in hospitalised patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19




    injury

    Myocardial injury associated with increased risk of death from COVID-19, research suggests

    The development of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients is associated with an increased risk of death, researchers have found.

    To read the whole article click on the headline




    injury

    Immune dysfunction leads to mortality and organ injury in patients with COVID-19 in China: insights from ERS-COVID-19 study




    injury

    HIF1α blockade reduces kidney injury in lupus nephritis




    injury

    A methylation functional detection hepatic cell system validates correlation between DNA methylation and drug-induced liver injury




    injury

    Incidence of acute spinal cord injury in South Korea does not reflect a sizable number of traumatic spinal cord injuries




    injury

    A more accurate incidence of acute spinal cord injury in South Korea can be estimated by the national health insurance system




    injury

    Development of a skin temperature map for dermatomes in individuals with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study




    injury

    Recovery after traumatic thoracic- and lumbar spinal cord injury: the neurological level of injury matters




    injury

    Supporting sexual adjustment from the perspective of men living with spinal cord injury




    injury

    HIF1α blockade reduces kidney injury in lupus nephritis




    injury

    Bottas making progress with back injury

    Valtteri Bottas says he is making daily progress on the back problem which ruled him out of the Australian Grand Prix as he pushes for a to return to the cockpit in Malaysia




    injury

    Raikkonen escapes injury after snowmobile accident

    Kimi Raikkonen has escaped with just a sore wrist after an accident in a snowmobile race in Austria on Saturday




    injury

    Real Madrid forward Luka Jovic suffers freak foot injury while training at home

    • Heel fracture discovered on striker’s return to training centre
    • Injury adds to difficult first season in Spain for €65m signing

    The Real Madrid forward Luka Jovic has suffered a foot injury while training at home and is unlikely to be fit for the potential restart of the La Liga season in mid-June.

    The Spanish club have confirmed that their medical team discovered a fracture in the Serbian striker’s heel bone during routine tests carried out prior to the resumption of individual training on Monday.

    Continue reading...




    injury

    Sachin Tendulkar shares sports injury knowledge with 12,000 doctors

    Always eager to share his vast knowledge and experience, cricket icon Sachin Tendulkar has interacted with 12,000 doctors on sports injuries. In his over two decade long illustrious career, Tendulkar suffered many health issues, the most prominent being the tennis elbow injury.

    The veteran of 200 Tests and 463 ODIs, got to know through one Dr Sudhir Warrier, an orthopaedic surgeon, that several young doctors across the country were utilising the lockdown time to effectively gain knowledge on sports injuries through live webinars. A session on sports injuries was held on Saturday and Tendulkar, knowing that his experiences will help these doctors, volunteered to be a part of it.

    Tendulkar, accordingly, interacted with around 12,000 doctors, who attended the session. It is reliably leanrt that the 46-year-old legend said he was grateful to the medical fraternity for their service. During the session, the young orthopaedic doctors got to know how the requirements and treatment outcomes of athletes are different from regular patients, sources said. Dr Warrier moderated the session with Dr Nitin Patel, physiotherapist, who has worked with Indian cricket team and IPL franchise Mumbai Indians.

    Catch up on all the latest sports news and updates here. Also download the new mid-day Android and iOS apps to get latest updates.

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    injury

    Wearable Biosensor Monitors Body Chemistry to Boost Athletic Performance (and) Prevent Injury

    Novel device, which is in the size of a wristwatch, can monitor an individual's body chemistry to help improve athletic performance and identify potential health problems.




    injury

    Real Madrid has not yet begun the new season the team lost the first generals soul surgery injury th

    Ancelotti for a long time in the future can not use the team's heart and soul Harvey - Alonso. According to Spanish media reports said Alonso being sidelined at least until the end of October or early November in order to come back, ...




    injury

    Christian Abbiati back injury is the main cause

    Milan 2013 league unbeaten cracked Abarth is the number one sinner

    Beijing time at 2:45 on April 22, Serie 33 continue competing, including a focus on war started between Juventus and Milan.

    In this...




    injury

    Warning: PPE - essential against COVID-19 - poses serious risk of skin injury

    Around 42.8 percent experienced serious skin injury related to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), including masks, goggles, face shields, and protective gowns, a study has shown.




    injury

    NTAs 2020: Love Island star Maura Higgins is left with a gruesome injury after taking a tumble

    She exuded glamour on the red carpet at the National Television Awards. Yet Maura revealed that she hadn't been as graceful during the ceremony, as she took a tumble.




    injury

    Dancing on Ice: Joe Swash's ear injury drained for second time

    Joe Swash was taken to hospital for the second time on Friday after suffering an ear injury earlier this week when he was kicked in the head with an ice skate.




    injury

    Serena Williams brushes off injury doubts as she makes quarter-finals of the US Open 

    Serena Williams rolled her right ankle but that didn't seem to slow her down in a 6-3, 6-4 victory over Petra Martic that moved her into the U.S. Open quarterfinals for a 16th time.




    injury

    Former world snooker champion Peter Ebdon forced to retire due to neck injury

    Ebdon famously defeated Stephen Hendry 18-17 to win the world championship in 2002, and also triumphed in the 2006  UK Championship in one of his other eight ranking event wins.




    injury

    The WEIRDEST injury treatments in sport: From horse placenta to cheese rubbing

    From the goat's blood injections Usain Bolt took before winning Olympic gold at Rio to Diego Costa's use of horse placenta, Sportsmail have looked athletes methods of treatment