distribution Brain Metastases: Insights from Statistical Modeling of Size Distribution [ADULT BRAIN] By www.ajnr.org Published On :: 2020-04-09T06:30:48-07:00 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain metastases are a common finding on brain MRI. However, the factors that dictate their size and distribution are incompletely understood. Our aim was to discover a statistical model that can account for the size distribution of parenchymal metastases in the brain as measured on contrast-enhanced MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor volumes were calculated on the basis of measured tumor diameters from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo images in 68 patients with untreated parenchymal metastatic disease. Tumor volumes were then placed in rank-order distributions and compared with 11 different statistical curve types. The resultant R2 values to assess goodness of fit were calculated. The top 2 distributions were then compared using the likelihood ratio test, with resultant R values demonstrating the relative likelihood of these distributions accounting for the observed data. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of 68 cases best fit a power distribution (mean R2 = 0.938 ± 0.050), 20 cases best fit an exponential distribution (mean R2 = 0.957 ± 0.050), and the remaining cases were scattered among the remaining distributions. Likelihood ratio analysis revealed that 66 of 68 cases had a positive mean R value (1.596 ± 1.316), skewing toward a power law distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The size distributions of untreated brain metastases favor a power law distribution. This finding suggests that metastases do not exist in isolation, but rather as part of a complex system. Furthermore, these results suggest that there may be a relatively small number of underlying variables that substantially influence the behavior of these systems. The identification of these variables could have a profound effect on our understanding of these lesions and our ability to treat them. Full Article
distribution Seven killed in protests over food distribution in Afghanistan, local MP says By news.yahoo.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 06:47:30 -0400 Full Article
distribution White House's Birx to take key role in coronavirus drug distribution By feeds.reuters.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 21:17:03 -0400 U.S. coronavirus task force response coordinator Dr. Deborah Birx will have a leading role in how the first drug to demonstrate a benefit in treating COVID-19 patients will be distributed to hospitals, the White House said on Friday. Full Article domesticNews
distribution At least six killed in protests over food distribution in Afghanistan By feeds.reuters.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 10:30:55 -0400 At least six were killed when protesters angry over what they see as unfair food aid distribution during the coronavirus pandemic clashed with police in Afghanistan's western Ghor province on Saturday, according to officials. Full Article worldNews
distribution Heritage minister outlines distribution of $500M of arts and culture COVID-19 support By www.cbc.ca Published On :: Fri, 8 May 2020 15:13:24 EDT Canada's arts and culture organizations are getting a clearer picture of how the federal government plans to divide $500 million of COVID-19 support. Full Article News/Entertainment
distribution Heritage department outlines distribution of $500 million of arts and culture COVID-19 support By www.thestar.com Published On :: Fri, 8 May 2020 18:38:32 EDT Nearly $327 million will be handed out by the heritage department in the initial stages, while the remainder will be “assessed based on needs.” Full Article
distribution AdvaMed launches platform to help scale the production and distribution of ventilators By www.medicalplasticsnews.com Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 13:08:16 -0000 AdvaMed has announced the launch of a new platform, which will attempt to connect ventilator companies with component suppliers to ensure quick scale production and distribution of these devices during the Covid-19 pandemic. Full Article
distribution Pallone and Neal Demand Transparency into Methodology and Distribution of COVID-19 Health Care Provider Relief Funds By energycommerce.house.gov Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 17:28:14 -0400 Energy and Commerce Chairman Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-NJ) and Ways and Means Chairman Richard E. Neal (D-MA) sent a letter to Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Administrator Seema Verma today raising a series of concerns over the methodology used to distribute and the lack of transparency into how COVID-19 relief funds and loans for health care providers are being spent. “We write to raise serious concerns about the Provider Relief Fund and the Accelerated and Advance Payment Programs,” Pallone and Neal wrote. “With respect to each, we are concerned about the lack of transparency with Congress and the American people about how funds are being spent or loans are being made. We also have grave concerns regarding the methodology being used to distribute $175 billion Congress appropriated for the Provider Relief Fund.” The Chairmen’s letter documents concerns with how the programs are being run, in particular the Administration’s methodologies for distributing funding that has shortchanged a number of critical providers and makes clear that more transparency is needed for Congress to accurately assess the ongoing needs of health care providers as the COVID-19 crisis unfolds. “The Administration’s efforts to establish the Provider Relief Fund to date has been at best, a series of missteps, and at worst, a disregard of Congress’ intent for the program,” Pallone and Neal continued in their letter. Pallone and Neal wrote that when Congress passed the CARES Act, it was clear that the funding provided to HHS for the Provider Relief Fund was for the express purpose, “to prevent, prepare for, and respond to coronavirus.” The two Chairs voiced concern that some of the funding formulas adopted to date fail to target funding based on the statutory framework relating to COVID-19 driven costs. In fact, the Chairs write that the level of funding appears to be, “completely disconnected from need.” The Chairmen requested an immediate response from HHS regarding documents and information pertaining to the Provider Relief Fund and the Accelerated and Advanced Payment Program. Pallone and Neal also wrote that if HHS is unable to immediately provide the information, it should provide a timeline of when the Committees would receive the requested information. While recognizing the incredible demands on the Department at this difficult time, the Chairmen emphasized that, “This crisis demands that we work swiftly and based on the best data available. Currently, despite repeated requests, this Administration has prevented Congress from obtaining the data that the Department has available on funding for our health care system, data that is necessary to inform near future legislation. We look forward to receiving this information so that we can conduct the business the American people expect of us. We look forward to having you join us at the earliest possible date in each of our Committees to discuss these and other COVID-related issues.” To read the full letter, click HERE. ### Full Article
distribution Arizona Man Sentenced to Five Years for Distribution of Child Pornography By www.justice.gov Published On :: Tue, 10 Feb 2009 16:37:16 EST Theodore Allan, 54, of Glendale, Ariz., was sentenced today to five years in prison for distribution of child pornography. Allan was indicted on charges of distribution, receipt and possession of child pornography on March 6, 2007. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Attorney General Holder, Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force Announce New Funding Distribution for Enforcement Efforts at Mortgage Fraud Summit in Phoenix By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 25 Mar 2010 16:10:53 EDT The Attorney General announced that new investments included in the FY 2010 budget will soon be distributed to combat mortgage fraud. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Mississippi Man Sentenced to 35 Years in Prison for Production, Distribution, Receipt and Possession of Child Pornography By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 26 Aug 2010 18:25:59 EDT Robert Morris of Crystal Springs, Miss., was sentenced today to 35 years in prison for production, distribution, receipt and possession of child pornography. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution President of Florida Corporation Sentenced to 33 Months in Prison for Money Laundering Related to Child Pornography Distribution By www.justice.gov Published On :: Fri, 14 Jan 2011 17:04:07 EST The president and co-director of a Florida corporation was sentenced today to 33 months in prison for money laundering related to proceeds generated by the corporation through its distribution of child pornography. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Rhode Island Man Sentenced to 97 Months in Prison for Distribution and Possession of Child Pornography By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 3 Mar 2011 16:42:45 EST David Chiaradio of Westerly, R.I., was sentenced today in U.S. District Court in Providence, R.I., to 97 months in prison and a lifetime of supervised release for distribution and possession of child pornography. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Petroleum Distributors to Pay $2.5 Million to Settle Clean Air Act Allegations of Illegal Mixing and Distribution of Gasoline in Colorado and Nebraska By www.justice.gov Published On :: Wed, 4 May 2011 16:31:27 EDT Three Colorado-based gasoline distributors have agreed to pay $2.5 million to resolve claims that they illegally mixed and distributed more than one million gallons of gasoline that did not meet Clean Air Act emissions and fuel quality requirements. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Thirteen Individuals Charged with Illegal Distribution of Anabolic Steroids, Human Growth Hormones and Oxycodone By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 1 Sep 2011 17:41:47 EDT Thirteen individuals, including five doctors, one pharmacist and one chiropractor, were charged today for their participation in the illegal distribution of pain killers, steroids and human growth hormones through “pill mills” operating in Broward, Palm Beach and Martin Counties in Florida, and through the internet, respectively. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Two Las Vegas Men Sentenced to 20 and 25 Years in Prison for Cocaine Distribution and Money Laundering Conspiracy By www.justice.gov Published On :: Wed, 21 Dec 2011 19:12:03 EST U.S. District Judge Gloria M. Navarro sentenced Jose Lopez-Buelna, aka “Miguel,” 51, to 20 years in prison, and Erik Dushawn Webster, 47, to 25 years in prison. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Four More Defendants Plead Guilty in Indiana to Participating in International Child Pornography Distribution Ring By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 7 Jun 2012 18:47:34 EDT Shaun Kuykendall, 32, of South Carolina; Richard Szulborski, 21, of Pennsylvania; Javahn Algere, 23, of Louisiana; and Jeremy Labrec, 22, of Texas, pleaded guilty yesterday before U.S. Judge Jane Magnus-Stinson. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution South Carolina Pharmaceutical Distribution Company Pleads Guilty in Multi-Million Dollar Scheme to Purchase and Sell Drugs in the Grey Market By www.justice.gov Published On :: Fri, 10 Aug 2012 16:37:53 EDT The Department of Justice announced the guilty plea and sentencing of Easley, S.C.-based Aletec Medical for engaging in a multi-million dollar prescription drug scheme. Altec Medical pleaded guilty in U.S. District Court in Miami to one count of conspiring to defraud the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and to commit federal offenses in connection with a drug-diversion scheme that lasted from 2007 to 2009. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Puerto Rico Man Found Guilty of Cocaine Distribution Conspiracy and Murder of a Witness By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 30 Aug 2012 12:00:27 EDT Edison Burgos-Montes, of Puerto Rico, was convicted after a two-month jury trial of cocaine possession with intent to distribute and killing a government witness. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Former Middle School Employee Pleads Guilty in Texas to Production and Distribution of Child Pornography By www.justice.gov Published On :: Wed, 31 Oct 2012 19:12:19 EDT Robert Ramos Jr., 33, of Austin, pleaded guilty today before U.S. Magistrate Judge Mark Lane in the Western District of Texas to one count of production of child pornography and one count of distribution of child pornography. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Five Men Plead Guilty in Virginia for Roles in Child Pornography Distribution Conspiracy By www.justice.gov Published On :: Mon, 5 Nov 2012 17:21:33 EST Manuel Antonio Mares, 57, of Miami; Jeremy Hart Yost, 26, of West Bend, Ore.; Richard Phillip Allen, 66, of Redondo Beach, Calif.; and James Calvin Boyd, 58, of Pell City, Ala., pleaded guilty today before Senior District Judge Norman K. Moon in the Western District of Virginia to one count of conspiring to receive, distribute, possess and access with the intent to view child pornography. Jesse Leon Coleman, 48, of Lynchburg, Va., pleaded guilty today before Judge Moon to one count of receiving child pornography. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Texas Man Sentenced in Indiana to 330 Months in Prison for Participating in International Child Pornography Distribution Ring By www.justice.gov Published On :: Tue, 4 Dec 2012 14:59:55 EST A Texas man was sentenced today to serve 330 months in prison for his participation in an international child pornography distribution ring. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Brooklyn Owner of Sportswear Distribution Business Pleads Guilty to Tax Evasion By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 18 Jul 2013 11:28:35 EDT The Justice Department and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced today that Harry Neuhoff, a resident of Brooklyn, N.Y., has pleaded guilty to tax evasion. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Lutz, Fla., Man Convicted on Drug Distribution and Sex Trafficking Charges By www.justice.gov Published On :: Wed, 6 Nov 2013 18:54:31 EST Acting U.S. Attorney A. Lee Bentley III and Acting Assistant Attorney General Jocelyn Samuels of the Civil Rights Division today announced the conviction of Andrew Blane Fields, 62, of Lutz, Fla., in the Middle District of Florida on charges of possession with intent to distribute controlled substances, namely Oxycodone, Dilaudid and Morphine, and sex trafficking by force, fraud and coercion. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Owner of New York Sportswear Distribution Business Sentenced for Tax Fraud By www.justice.gov Published On :: Fri, 6 Dec 2013 17:51:19 EST Harry Neuhoff, a resident of Brooklyn, N.Y., was sentenced to serve 12 months and one day in prison and three years supervised release for tax evasion, the Justice Department and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) announced today. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution District Court Enters Permanent Injunction Against Pennsylvania-Based Dairy Firms and Individuals to Prevent Distribution of Foods That Contain Excessive Drug Residue By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 26 Dec 2013 10:49:50 EST U.S. District Court Judge Kim R. Gibson of the Western District of Pennsylvania has entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Metzler & Sons LLC and Pleasant View Farms Inc., the Justice Department announced today. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Iowa Company and Top Executives Plead Guilty in Connection with Distribution of Adulterated Eggs By www.justice.gov Published On :: Tue, 3 Jun 2014 12:06:28 EDT Quality Egg LLC (Quality Egg), Austin “Jack” DeCoster and Peter DeCoster pleaded guilty today in federal court in Sioux City, Iowa, in connection with the distribution of adulterated eggs in interstate commerce. Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution District Court Enters Permanent Injunction Against California-Based Firm and Individuals to Prevent Distribution of Adulterated Dietary Supplements By www.justice.gov Published On :: Fri, 29 Aug 2014 16:01:45 EDT The Justice Department announced today that U.S. District Court Judge Otis D. Wright II of the Central District of California entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against GM Manufacturing Inc. (GMM) and Mao L. Yang, Mary Chen and David Yang on Friday, June 20, 2014, to prevent the distribution of adulterated dietary supplements Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution District Court Enters Permanent Injunction Against Joint King Dietary Supplement Maker to Prevent Distribution of Adulterated Supplements By www.justice.gov Published On :: Fri, 29 Aug 2014 11:51:50 EDT The Justice Department announced today that the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York has entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Triceutical Inc. and its president, Liqun Zhang, of Farmingdale, New York, to prevent the distribution of adulterated dietary supplements Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution District Court Enters Permanent Injunction Against New York Dietary Supplement Maker to Prevent Distribution of Adulterated Supplements By www.justice.gov Published On :: Fri, 29 Aug 2014 14:41:45 EDT The Justice Department announced today that the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York has entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Applied Polymer Systems dba APS Pharmaco (APS) and its president, Nuka Reddy, all of Lindenhurst, New York, to prevent the distribution of adulterated dietary supplements Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution United States Files Enforcement Action Against Michigan Cheese Company and Owners to Stop Distribution of Adulterated Cheese Products By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 28 Aug 2014 15:05:38 EDT A civil complaint was filed today in federal court in Michigan against S. Serra Cheese Company of Clinton Township, Michigan, and its owners, Stefano and Fina Serra, to prevent the distribution of adulterated cheese, announced Assistant Attorney General Stuart F. Delery of the Justice Department’s Civil Division Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution McKesson Corp. to Pay $18 Million to Resolve False Claims Allegations Related to Shipping Services Provided Under Centers for Disease Control Vaccine Distribution Contract By www.justice.gov Published On :: Thu, 28 Aug 2014 14:59:47 EDT McKesson Corporation has agreed to pay $18 million to resolve allegations that it improperly set temperature monitors used in shipping vaccines under its contract with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Justice Department announced today. McKesson is a pharmaceutical distributor with corporate headquarters in San Francisco Full Article OPA Press Releases
distribution Birx to help lead remdesivir distribution effort as hospitals struggle to access drug By www.nbcnews.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 20:37:00 GMT Since the drug was granted emergency use authorization, doctors have been left with no clear path to get it. Full Article
distribution Government restricts sale, export, distribution of Hydroxychloroquine By www.jagranjosh.com Published On :: 2020-03-27T12:32:00Z The centre issued the order restricting the sale and distribution of Hydroxychloroquine to prevent its misuse. Full Article
distribution Think Tank 20 - Growth, Convergence, and Income Distribution: The Road from the Brisbane G-20 Summit By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Mon, 10 Nov 2014 00:00:00 -0500 Full Article
distribution Think Tank 20 - Growth, Convergence, and Income Distribution: The Road from the Brisbane G-20 Summit By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Mon, 10 Nov 2014 00:00:00 -0500 Full Article
distribution The Study of the Distributional Outcomes of Innovation: A Book Review By webfeeds.brookings.edu Published On :: Mon, 05 Jan 2015 07:30:00 -0500 Editors Note: This post is an extended version of a previous post. Cozzens, Susan and Dhanaraj Thakur (Eds). 2014. Innovation and Inequality: Emerging technologies in an unequal world. Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar. Historically, the debate on innovation has focused on the determinants of the pace of innovation—on the premise that innovation is the driver of long-term economic growth. Analysts and policymakers have taken less interest on how innovation-based growth affects income distribution. Less attention even has received the question of how innovation affects other forms of inequality such as economic opportunity, social mobility, access to education, healthcare, and legal representation, or inequalities in exposure to insalubrious environments, be these physical (through exposure to polluted air, water, food or harmful work conditions) or social (neighborhoods ridden with violence and crime). The relation between innovation, equal political representation and the right for people to have a say in the collective decisions that affect their lives can also be added to the list of neglect. But neglect has not been universal. A small but growing group of analysts have been working for at least three decades to produce a more careful picture of the relationship between innovation and the economy. A distinguished vanguard of this group has recently published a collection of case studies that illuminates our understanding of innovation and inequality—which is the title of the book. The book is edited by Susan Cozzens and Dhanaraj Thakur. Cozzens is a professor in the School of Public Policy and Vice Provost of Academic Affairs at Georgia Tech. She has studied innovation and inequality long before inequality was a hot topic and led the group that collaborated on this book. Thakur is a faculty member of the school College of Public Service and Urban Affairs at Tennessee State University (while writing the book he taught at the University of West Indies in Jamaica). He is an original and sensible voice in the study of social dimensions of communication technologies. We’d like to highlight here three aspects of the book: the research design, the empirical focus, and the conceptual framework developed from the case studies in the book. Edited volumes are all too often a collection of disparate papers, but not in this case. This book is patently the product of a research design that probes the evolution of a set of technologies across a wide variety of national settings and, at the same time, it examines the different reactions to new technologies within specific countries. The second part of the book devotes five chapters to study five emerging technologies—recombinant insulin, genetically modified corn, mobile phones, open-source software, and tissue culture—observing the contrasts and similarities of their evolution in different national environments. In turn, part three considers the experience of eight countries, four of high income—Canada, Germany, Malta, and the U.S.—and four of medium or low income—Argentina, Costa Rica, Jamaica, and Mozambique. The stories in part three tell how these countries assimilated these diverse technologies into to their economies and policy environments. The second aspect to highlight is the deliberate choice of elements for empirical focus. First, the object of inquiry is not all of technology but a discreet set of emerging technologies gaining a specificity that would otherwise be negated if they were to handle the unwieldy concept of “technology” broadly construed. At the same time, this choice reveals the policy orientation of the book because these new entrants have just started to shape the socio-technical spaces they inhabit while the spaces of older technologies have likely ossified. Second, the study offers ample variance in terms of jurisdictions under study, i.e. countries of all income levels; a decision that makes at the same time theory construction more difficult and the test of general premises more robust.[i] We can add that the book avoids sweeping generalizations. Third, they focus on technological projects and their champions, a choice that increases the rigor of the empirical analysis. This choice, naturally, narrows the space of generality but the lessons are more precise and the conjectures are presented with according modesty. The combination of a solid design and clear empirical focus allow the reader to obtain a sense of general insight from the cases taken together that could not be derived from any individual case standing alone. Economic and technology historians have tackled the effects of technological advancement, from the steam engine to the Internet, but those lessons are not easily applicable to the present because emerging technologies intimate at a different kind of reconfiguration of economic and social structures. It is still too early to know the long-term effects of new technologies like genetically modified crops or mobile phone cash-transfers, but this book does a good job providing useful concepts that begin to form an analytical framework. In addition, the mix of country case studies subverts the disciplinary separation between the economics of innovation (devoted mostly to high-income countries) and development studies (interested in middle and low income economies). As a consequence of these selections, the reader can draw lessons that are likely to apply to technologies and countries other than the ones discussed in this book. The third aspect we would like to underscore in this review is the conceptual framework. Cozzens, Thakur and their colleagues have done a service to anyone interested in pursuing the empirical and theoretical analysis of innovation and inequality. For these authors, income distribution is only one part of the puzzle. They observe that inequalities are also part of social, ethnic, and gender cleavages in society. Frances Stewart, from Oxford University, introduced the notion of horizontal inequalities or inequalities at the social group level (for instance, across ethnic groups or genders). She developed the concept to contrast vertical inequalities or inequalities operating at the individual level (such as household income or wealth). The authors of this book borrow Stewart’s concept and pay attention to horizontal inequalities in the technologies they examine and observe that new technologies enter marketplaces that are already configured under historical forms of exclusion. A dramatic example is the lack of access to recombinant insulin in the U.S., because it is expensive and minorities are less likely to have health insurance (see Table 3.1 in p. 80).[ii] Another example is how innovation opens opportunities for entrepreneurs but closes them for women in cultures that systematically exclude women from entrepreneurial activities. Another key concept is that of complementary assets. A poignant example is the failure of recombinant insulin to reach poor patients in Mozambique who are sent home with old medicine even though insulin is subsidized by the government. The reason why doctors deny the poor the new treatment is that they don’t have the literacy and household resources (e.g. a refrigerator, a clock) necessary to preserve the shots, inject themselves periodically, and read sugar blood levels. Technologies aimed at fighting poverty require complementary assets to be already in place and in the absence of them, they fail to mitigate suffering and ultimately ameliorate inequality. Another illustration of the importance of complementary assets is given by the case of Open Source Software. This technology has a nominal price of zero; however, only individuals who have computers and the time, disposition, and resources to learn how to use open source operative systems benefit. Likewise, companies without the internal resources to adapt open software will not adopt it and remain economically tied to proprietary software. These observations lead to two critical concepts elaborated in the book: distributional boundaries and the inequalities across technological transitions. Distributional boundaries refer to the reach of the benefits of new technologies, boundaries that could be geographic (as in urban/suburban or center/periphery) or across social cleavages or incomes levels. Standard models of technological diffusion assume the entire population will gradually adopt a new technology, but in reality the authors observe several factors intervene in limiting the scope of diffusion to certain groups. The most insidious factors are monopolies that exercise sufficient control over markets to levy high prices. In these markets, the price becomes an exclusionary barrier to diffusion. This is quite evident in the case of mobile phones (see table 5.1, p. 128) where monopolies (or oligopolies) have market power to create and maintain a distributional boundary between post-pay and high-quality for middle and high income clients and pre-pay and low-quality for poor customers. This boundary renders pre-pay plans doubly regressive because the per-minute rates are higher than post-pay and phone expenses represent a far larger percentage in poor people’s income. Another example of exclusion happens in GMOs because in some countries subsistence farmers cannot afford the prices for engineering seeds; a disadvantage that compounds to their cost and health problems as they have to use more and stronger pesticides. A technological transition, as used here, is an inflection point in the adoption of a technology that re-shapes its distributional boundaries. When smart phones were introduced, a new market for second-hand or hand-down phones was created in Maputo; people who could not access the top technology get stuck with a sub-par system. By looking at tissue culture they find that “whether it provides benefits to small farmers as well as large ones depends crucially on public interventions in the lower-income countries in our study” (p. 190). In fact, farmers in Costa Rica enjoy much better protections compare to those in Jamaica and Mozambique because the governmental program created to support banana tissue culture was designed and implemented as an extension program aimed at disseminating know-how among small-farmers and not exclusively to large multinational-owned farms. When introducing the same technology, because of this different policy environment, the distributional boundaries were made much more extensive in Costa Rica. This is a book devoted to present the complexity of the innovation-inequality link. The authors are generous in their descriptions, punctilious in the analysis of their case studies, and cautious and measured in their conclusions. Readers who seek an overarching theory of inequality, a simple story, or a test of causality, are bound to be disappointed. But those readers may find the highest reward from carefully reading all the case studies presented in this book, not only because of the edifying richness of the detail herein but also because they will be invited to rethink the proper way to understand and address the problem of inequality.[iii] [i] These are clearly spelled out: “we assumed that technologies, societies, and inequalities co-evolved; that technological projects are always inherently distributional; and that the distributional aspects of individual projects and portfolios of projects are open to choice.” (p. 6) [ii] This problem has been somewhat mitigated since the Affordable Healthcare Act entered into effect. [iii] Kevin Risser contributed to this posting. Authors Walter D. Valdivia Image Source: © Akhtar Soomro / Reuters Full Article
distribution Japan's Anime Internet Distribution Market Overtakes Home Video Market By www.animenewsnetwork.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 07:00:00 -0400 Total production minutes for TV anime in 2018 is 2nd highest in history Full Article Industry Anime
distribution Brain Insulin Sensitivity can Determine Body Weight and Fat Distribution By www.medindia.net Published On :: People with high insulin sensitivity in the brain benefit significantly more from a lifestyle intervention with a diet rich in fiber and exercise compared Full Article
distribution Market Power and Wealth Distribution By dx.doi.org Published On :: Fri, 13 Oct 2017 09:28:00 GMT Lack of competition can drive up prices of goods and services, with substantive negative effects for the poor, whose consumption basket is dominated by first necessity goods and services. Using new data, this study calibrates the overall impact of market power, showing a substantial impact on wealth inequality in the eight countries examined. Full Article
distribution Economic growth from the household perspective: GDP and income distribution developments across OECD countries By dx.doi.org Published On :: Tue, 22 Apr 2014 14:43:00 GMT This paper provides an assessment of how households’ income has fared compared with GDP. While the prime focus is on incomes around the median, attention is paid also to the bottom of the income distribution. Full Article
distribution Structural reforms and income distribution By www.oecd.org Published On :: Tue, 07 Apr 2015 16:13:00 GMT Structural reforms and income distribution Full Article
distribution Estimating the distributional impact of the Greek crisis (2009-2014) By dx.doi.org Published On :: Wed, 27 Jul 2016 10:41:00 GMT This paper analyses the effects of the Greek crisis on inequality and poverty in 2009-2014 using the micro-simulation model EUROMOD. Full Article
distribution The distribution of the growth dividends By dx.doi.org Published On :: Thu, 17 Nov 2016 12:10:00 GMT Widespread increases in inequality over the past three decades have raised the question of the distribution of the growth dividends. Full Article
distribution The distributional impact of structural reforms By www.oecd.org Published On :: Thu, 17 Nov 2016 12:20:00 GMT In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities. Full Article
distribution The distribution of the growth dividends By www.oecd.org Published On :: Thu, 17 Nov 2016 12:28:00 GMT Widespread increases in inequality over the past three decades have raised the question of the distribution of the growth dividends. Full Article
distribution The distributional impact of structural reforms By dx.doi.org Published On :: Thu, 17 Nov 2016 15:22:00 GMT In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities. Full Article
distribution The Global Income Distribution for High-Income Countries By dx.doi.org Published On :: Mon, 07 Aug 2017 09:48:00 GMT This paper presents the global income distribution between all individuals living in the developed world. Full Article
distribution The distribution of taxable income and fiscal benefits in Spain: new evidence from personal income tax returns (2002-2011) By dx.doi.org Published On :: Tue, 12 Dec 2017 14:38:00 GMT The personal tax system has a large influence on incentives to work, save and invest and hence growth. At the same time it is a key policy lever for income redistribution. Full Article
distribution Income redistribution through taxes and transfers across OECD countries By dx.doi.org Published On :: Fri, 22 Dec 2017 09:15:00 GMT Redistribution is quantified as the relative reduction in market income inequality achieved by personal income taxes, employees’ social security contributions and cash transfers, based on household-level micro data. Full Article