competition

Economic containment as a strategy of Great Power competition

6 November 2019 , Volume 95, Number 6

Dong Jung Kim

Economic containment has garnered repeated attention in the discourse about the United States' response to China. Yet, the attributes of economic containment as a distinct strategy of Great Power competition remain unclear. Moreover, the conditions under which a leading power can employ economic containment against a challenging power remain theoretically unelaborated. This article first suggests that economic containment refers to the use of economic policies to weaken the targeted state's material capacity to start military aggression, rather than to influence the competitor's behaviour over a specific issue. Then, this article suggests that economic containment becomes a viable option when the leading power has the ability to inflict more losses on the challenging power through economic restrictions, and this ability is largely determined by the availability of alternative economic partners. When the leading power cannot effectively inflict more losses on the challenging power due to the presence of alternative economic partners, it is better off avoiding economic containment. The author substantiates these arguments through case-studies of the United States' responses to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The article concludes by examining the nature of the United States' recent economic restrictions against China.




competition

Europe: Fifty Years On - Essay Competition

1 January 2007 ,

An ageing population in Europe makes the opinion of young people about their continent’s future even more important. Leading international figures, including the President of the United Nations General Assembly, have been expressing concern over the limited role of young people in shaping policy. With this in mind, The World Today and the National Association for Gifted and Talented Youth have given students the opportunity to share their vision through a competition on Europe: The Next Fifty Years. The three finalists have been invited to an International Economics Programme workshop at Chatham House next month.




competition

US–China Strategic Competition: The Quest for Global Technological Leadership

7 November 2019

The current dispute between the US and China goes far beyond trade tariffs and tit-for-tat reprisals: the underlying driver is a race for global technological supremacy. This paper examines the risks of greater strategic competition as well as potential solutions for mitigating the impacts of the US–China economic confrontation.

Marianne Schneider-Petsinger

Senior Research Fellow, US and the Americas Programme

Dr Jue Wang

Associate Fellow, Asia-Pacific Programme (based in Holland)

Dr Yu Jie

Senior Research Fellow on China, Asia-Pacific Programme

James Crabtree

Associate Fellow, Asia-Pacific Programme

Video: Marianne Schneider-Petsinger and Dr Yu Jie discuss key themes from the research paper

Summary

  • The underlying driver of the ongoing US–China trade war is a race for global technological dominance. President Trump has raised a number of issues regarding trade with China – including the US’s trade deficit with China and the naming of China as a currency manipulator. But at the heart of the ongoing tariff escalation are China’s policies and practices regarding forced technology transfer, intellectual property theft and non-market distortions.
  • As China’s international influence has expanded it has always been unlikely that Beijing would continue to accept existing global standards and institutions established and widely practised by developed countries based on ‘the Washington Consensus’.
  • China’s desire to be an alternative champion of technology standard-setting remains unfulfilled. Its ample innovation talent is a solid foundation in its quest for global technology supremacy but tightening controls over personal freedoms could undermine it and deter potential global partners.
  • It is unclear if Chinese government interventions will achieve the technological self-sufficiency Beijing has long desired. China’s approach to macroeconomic management diverges significantly from that of the US and other real market economies, particularly in its policy towards nurturing innovation.
  • Chinese actors are engaged in the globalization of technological innovation through exports and imports of high-tech goods and services; cross-border investments in technology companies and research and development (R&D) activities; cross-border R&D collaboration; and international techno-scientific research collaboration.
  • While the Chinese state pushes domestic companies and research institutes to engage in the globalization of technological innovation, its interventions in the high-tech sector have caused uneasiness in the West.
  • The current US response to its competition with China for technological supremacy, which leans towards decoupling, is unlikely to prove successful. The US has better chances of success if it focuses on America’s own competitiveness, works on common approaches to technology policy with like-minded partners around the globe and strengthens the international trading system.
  • A technically sound screening mechanism of foreign investment can prevent normal cross-border collaboration in technological innovation from being misused by geopolitical rival superpowers.




competition

JCDC weighs options amid COVID-19 pause - 230 entries received for Festival Song Competition

By the month of May in any given year, the many and varied events and competitions staged by the Jamaica Cultural Development Commission (JCDC) islandwide would have been in high gear. Each year the JCDC rolls out its much-anticipated menu board...




competition

United against coronavirus through art - Government of India calls artists to participate in a unique art competition

The COVID-19 pandemic around the world has taken the world by storm, touching the lives of every human being on Earth. The global nature of the crisis has united us as human beings and tragedy and deaths in any country by COVID-19 worry us all....




competition

Cartels and Competition in Minerals Markets: Challenges for Global Governance

19 December 2014

This research paper sets out recommendations for enhanced dialogue and intensified international cooperation that could significantly improve the functioning of global mineral markets.

Felix Preston

Former Senior Research Fellow and Deputy Research Director, Energy, Environment and Resources

Siân Bradley

Research Fellow, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme

Jaakko Kooroshy

Former Chatham House Expert
The purpose of this research paper is to identify and analyse the key policy challenges associated with anti-competitive practices in international metals and minerals markets.

Recommendations

Enhanced dialogue and intensified international cooperation in four areas could significantly improve the functioning of global mineral markets:

  1. Deal with the last remnants of producer-country cartels 
    Consumer countries should make a publicly visible case that in an age of interdependence and global supply chains, any remaining forms of producer-country cartels are an anachronism. Given limited means to coerce governments to stop supporting the last remaining mineral cartels in potash, a ‘naming and shaming’ approach in key forums such as the Group of Twenty (G20) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is likely to be most effective. Such action could be initiated by the three largest potash importers China, India and Brazil, and should seek support from others such as the EU and Japan.
     
  2. Prevent damaging export restrictions through win-win arrangements
    WTO litigation against export restrictions is unlikely to be a silver bullet and in the short term cooperative policy dialogues, such as those pursued by the OECD, offer the best prospects for concrete results. Such dialogues should also be initiated by major emerging economies and could focus on providing incentives such as investment packages or technology-sharing to entice producer countries to abstain from imposing restrictions. Consumers should continue to push for more specific and stricter WTO rules on export restrictions. Japan, the EU and the US should seek to include similar measures in regional trade negotiations.
     
  3. Strengthen cooperation among regulators on clandestine private cartels and other anti-competitive practices 
    Concerted action will be required by governments to tackle anti-competitive practices such as clandestine cartels, price-fixing and territorial agreements. Key regulators, such as those in the EU and China, should expand collection and sharing of data and best practice on anti-trust enforcement in minerals markets. In key cases they could also coordinate prosecution. Sustained investment in institutional capacity is required in many emerging economies; this should be supported through bilateral cooperation and via regional forums. Governments should also resuscitate the stalled negotiations on the WTO’s role in competition policy.
     
  4. Enhance governance for transnational market platforms and pricing mechanisms
    The responsibility to regulate key nodes in global minerals markets will remain in the hands of national bodies, but coordination is vital given interconnected global markets. International organizations and regulators should strengthen structural cooperation and exchange in the area of physical markets and with greater involvement of emerging economies. An informal high-level forum on regulating physical markets could reinvigorate debate, foster new perspectives and stimulate new partnerships. Governments in key consumer countries should also give their national regulators a clear mandate in minerals markets.




competition

Wide-open competition in D-backs' bullpen

For the final two spots in the D-backs' bullpen, good luck trying to figure that out just yet. In fact, manager Torey Lovullo has even declined to narrow it down to who could be in contention for those spots.




competition

FTC puts Total gas market share at 30% - Sees no threat to competition from Epping deal

THE ACQUISITION of Epping resulted in Total Jamaica controlling nearly a third of the retail gasolene market, but that’s not enough to lessen competition, the Fair Trading Commission, FTC, has found. “The acquisition is unlikely to have either the...




competition

How to Mentally Prepare for a Synchro Swimming Competition

Some people have the misguided belief that synchronized swimming is just an easy sport performed in beautiful swim team suits. That it’s merely dancing in the water that you can tune in to watch during the Olympic Games. But that is far from true; there is much more to the sport.  Synchro is a dominant […]




competition

Forum 2019 : 2A: Competition and consumer law update 2019 : slides / presented by Matt Murphy, Anthony Mason Chambers.




competition

Forum 2019 : 5C Competition and consumer law in the digital age / slides presented by Thyme Burdon and Johanna Croser, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission.




competition

Winter weather, associated with the struggle of high art against competition from lowlife artists. Etching by P. Testa, 1641.

Si stampano in Roma (alla Pace ; all'insegna di Parigi) : per Giovan Jacomo Rossi, [1641?]




competition

Entries open for State Library’s $20,000 short film competition

Thursday 21 November 2019

The State Library of NSW is inviting entries for its short film prize Shortstacks, with a total of $20,000 on offer across two categories.




competition

Comment: Contributions of Model Features to BART Causal Inference Performance Using ACIC 2016 Competition Data

Nicole Bohme Carnegie.

Source: Statistical Science, Volume 34, Number 1, 90--93.

Abstract:
With a thorough exposition of the methods and results of the 2016 Atlantic Causal Inference Competition, Dorie et al. have set a new standard for reproducibility and comparability of evaluations of causal inference methods. In particular, the open-source R package aciccomp2016, which permits reproduction of all datasets used in the competition, will be an invaluable resource for evaluation of future methodological developments. Building upon results from Dorie et al., we examine whether a set of potential modifications to Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART)—multiple chains in model fitting, using the propensity score as a covariate, targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), and computing symmetric confidence intervals—have a stronger impact on bias, RMSE, and confidence interval coverage in combination than they do alone. We find that bias in the estimate of SATT is minimal, regardless of the BART formulation. For purposes of CI coverage, however, all proposed modifications are beneficial—alone and in combination—but use of TMLE is least beneficial for coverage and results in considerably wider confidence intervals.




competition

Comment: Causal Inference Competitions: Where Should We Aim?

Ehud Karavani, Tal El-Hay, Yishai Shimoni, Chen Yanover.

Source: Statistical Science, Volume 34, Number 1, 86--89.

Abstract:
Data competitions proved to be highly beneficial to the field of machine learning, and thus expected to provide similar advantages in the field of causal inference. As participants in the 2016 and 2017 Atlantic Causal Inference Conference (ACIC) data competitions and co-organizers of the 2018 competition, we discuss the strengths of simulation-based competitions and suggest potential extensions to address their limitations. These suggested augmentations aim at making the data generating processes more realistic and gradually increase in complexity, allowing thorough investigations of algorithms’ performance. We further outline a community-wide competition framework to evaluate an end-to-end causal inference pipeline, beginning with a causal question and a database, and ending with causal estimates.




competition

Comment on “Automated Versus Do-It-Yourself Methods for Causal Inference: Lessons Learned from a Data Analysis Competition”

Susan Gruber, Mark J. van der Laan.

Source: Statistical Science, Volume 34, Number 1, 82--85.

Abstract:
Dorie and co-authors (DHSSC) are to be congratulated for initiating the ACIC Data Challenge. Their project engaged the community and accelerated research by providing a level playing field for comparing the performance of a priori specified algorithms. DHSSC identified themes concerning characteristics of the DGP, properties of the estimators, and inference. We discuss these themes in the context of targeted learning.




competition

Poo-Sniffing Peeps, Miss Ameripeep and More Emerge Victorious in #PeepYourScience 2020 Competition

Blending marshmallows with scientific rigor, the contest offers levity during a difficult time




competition

See 'Cheesehenge' and Other Historical Homages Created for Archaeology Competition

The Archaeological Institute of America launched its Build Your Own Monument challenge early to inspire families quarantining at home




competition

Competition for new N.S. RCMP dispatch centre 'falsely stacked' against First Nation's bid: chief

The chief of Millbrook First Nation says the Nova Scotia RCMP's competition for its new communication centre was "distorted and biased," arbitrarily inflating the price of his community's proposal to reach a "predetermined outcome."




competition

Champion Manitoba jigger launches online competition to spread joy amid pandemic

Acclaimed jigger Ryan Richard, from Sandy Bay First Nation, is calling all dancers to showcase their skills in an online jigging competition.



  • News/Canada/Manitoba

competition

Pitch competition offers $30,000 in funding for student entrepreneurs

The Pennsylvania Technical Assistance Program (PennTAP) at Penn State is looking for undergraduate entrepreneurs from any Penn State campus to compete in the 2020 Inc.U Competition. Six finalist teams will earn a spot on “The Investment,” a production of WPSU-TV, giving them a chance to pitch their company for a share of $30,000 in funding. The 2020 Inc.U Competition submission deadline is Feb. 7.




competition

As Ed-Tech Competition Ratchets Up, Blackboard CEO to Step Down

The resignation is the latest change for the educational software giant, which is facing increasing competition in selling learning-management systems to schools and colleges.




competition

RBS new £20 note photography competition

The Herald, in proud partnership with Royal Bank of Scotland, is inviting the country's photographers to enter their most accomplished work in a new competition which celebrates the launch of a stunning new £20 banknote design.




competition

Schuylkill awards $6,000 to three startups in annual Business Plan Competition

Penn State Schuylkill LionLaunch held its fourth annual Business Plan Competition on Thursday, April 16. The program awarded $6,000 in funding to three small businesses at the competition, totaling $69,000 awarded to 21 small businesses throughout Schuylkill County over the last four years.




competition

Lion Cage pitch competition winner aiming to reduce rotator cuff re-tear rates

Saif Khalil, founder and CEO of Aevumed, won first place at the REV-UP Center for Entrepreneurship's Lion Cage pitch competition. Aevumed develops medical devices designed to help reduce rotator cuff re-tear rates.




competition

Graphic design students excel in national competition

Sixteen design projects created by graphic design students at Pennsylvania College of Technology have been honored in the national Flux Student Design Competition.




competition

Penn State competes in Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition regional finals

Penn State’s Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition (CCDC) team reached new heights earlier this month when they participated in the regional finals of the Mid-Atlantic Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition for the first time.




competition

Two Turkish clubs banned from UEFA competitions

038 - Romanian club handed deferred sanction




competition

UEFA Appeals Body bans two Turkish clubs from UEFA competitions

042 - Decisions made after Beşiktaş JK and Fenerbahçe SK appeal initial decision




competition

***Postponed*** Students Gather for 16th Annual Delaware Day Fourth Grade Competition Awards

***Due to inclement weather in the forecast, this event has been postponed to a future date. ***



  • Delaware Public Archives
  • Department of State
  • Delaware Day
  • Delaware Day Competition

competition

RESCHEDULED: Students Gather for 16th Annual Delaware Day Fourth Grade Competition Awards

The Delaware Public Archives will host students from across the state Saturday for the culmination of the 16th Annual Delaware Day Fourth Grade Competition. (This program was postponed in December due to inclement weather)



  • Delaware Public Archives
  • Department of State
  • Historical and Cultural Affairs
  • Delaware Day Competition
  • Delaware history
  • delaware public archives
  • Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs

competition

Students Honored at 16th Annual Delaware Day Fourth Grade Competition Ceremony

Students from across the state gathered Saturday at the Delaware Public Archives to celebrate the winners of the 16th Annual Delaware Day Fourth Grade Competition and to be recognized for their knowledge of the First State’s influential role in crafting the United States Constitution.




competition

The Delaware Division of the Arts to Host Annual Poetry Out Loud State Final Competition

THE DELAWARE DIVISION OF THE ARTS TO HOST ANNUAL POETRY OUT LOUD STATE FINAL COMPETITION Twelve students to compete to advance to the National Finals in DC Dover, Del. (February 14, 2018) – From a competitive field of 20 Delaware high school students, 12 remain to compete at the statewide recitation competition that will be […]



  • Delaware Division of the Arts
  • Department of Education
  • Department of State
  • Kent County
  • New Castle County
  • Sussex County
  • "Delaware Division of the Arts"
  • #iampoetryoutloud
  • high school students
  • Poetry Out Loud
  • Poetry Out Loud: National Recitation Contest

competition

Students Honored at 17th Annual Delaware Day Fourth Grade Competition Ceremony

Students from across the state gathered Saturday at the Delaware Public Archives to celebrate the winners of the 17th Annual Delaware Day Fourth Grade Competition and to be recognized for their knowledge of the First State’s influential role in crafting the United States Constitution.




competition

The Delaware Division of the Arts to Host Annual Poetry Out Loud State Competition

Twenty students to compete to advance to National Finals in Washington, DC Dover, Del. (January 30, 2019) –The free recitation contest will start with a semi-final competition at Modern Maturity Center, Dover on Tuesday, February 5 at 7 p.m. This year’s semi-finals judges are: Jamie Brunson, Executive Director, First Person Arts, Philadelphia Sherry Gage Chappelle, […]



  • Delaware Division of the Arts
  • Department of State
  • Kent County
  • New Castle County
  • Sussex County
  • "Delaware Division of the Arts"
  • #iampoetryoutloud
  • Modern Maturity Center
  • poetry
  • Poetry Out Loud
  • Poetry Out Loud: National Recitation Contest
  • Smyrna Opera House

competition

Students honored for 2019 Delaware Day competition

Program encourages students to study the U.S. Constitution and Delaware’s role in its creation.




competition

Swiggy doesn’t obsess over competition: COO Vivek Sunder

Not every urban customer has ordered from us yet, and very few are ordering more than 20 meals a month from us. There is enough and more to be done in the food delivery marketplace




competition

Battle of the Brews homebrewing competition accepting entries

Homebrewers from around the region can compete in Delaware’s premier home-brewed beer competition, the Fourth Annual Battle of the Brews at the Delaware State Fair. The July 19 event is a Beer Judge Certification Program-sanctioned event, where certified judges will rate and rank the work of home-brewing enthusiasts, sponsored by the Delaware Department of Agriculture.




competition

M4 Forecasting Competition: Results and Commentary

The International Journal of Forecasting has published its 2020-Q1 issue, guest edited by Spyros Makridakis and Fotios Petropoulos, and dedicated entirely to results and commentary on the M4 Forecasting Competition. This issue should be of great interest and value to business forecasting practitioners, and you get online access to it [...]

The post M4 Forecasting Competition: Results and Commentary appeared first on The Business Forecasting Deal.




competition

Future of learning: Focus on cooperation, not competition

Critical thinking and creativity must be at the core of the curriculum, along with problem-solving. For example, by introducing ‘coding’ and ‘AI’ as a structured curriculum in Adani Schools, we have taken a step to get our students ready for the future.




competition

Land agreements and competition law from April 2011

...




competition

France – Private enforcement of competition law: French Supreme Courts dismisses nullity and follow-on damages claims of EDF and ERDF

On 13 September 2017, EDF and ERDF lost their fight to declare null and void the contracts they entered into further to bids that were rigged by Nexans France (“Nexans”), Prysmian Energies Câbles et Systèmes (“Prysmian...




competition

Competition law to apply to land agreements from April 2011

...




competition

Cooperation agreements between French large retailers to be reviewed by the French Competition Authority

The French Competition Authority (FCA) is entitled to give advisory opinions on any competition matter, in particular for the attention  of the French Government and the Parliament. The FCA has been recently asked to give its opinion on coopera...




competition

Dutch regulator decides ‘Chicken of Tomorrow’ falls foul of competition law

The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (the “ACM”) has ruled that arrangments concerning a new form of sustainably reared chicken, known as the ‘Chicken of Tomorrow’, which lead to other forms of chicken being re...




competition

Is the UK fashion sector anti-competitive? Competition and Markets Authority investigation launched

Competition Law E-Briefing: Fashion sector competition probe On Tuesday 24 March 2015, the UK’s competition regulator, the Competition and Markets Authority (the “CMA”), opened an investigation into suspected anti-competitive arrangements in the UK ...




competition

Closing the GAP: Guaranteed Asset Protection insurance - competition remedy

New rules in the FCA’s policy statement on Guaranteed Asset Protection (GAP) insurance (PS15/13) are about to change the way GAP insurance sold alongside the sale of a motor vehicle (add-on GAP Insurance) is sold to both consumers and commerci...




competition

French Competition Authority puts model agencies’ price-fixing practices in the spotlight

On 29 September 2016, the French Competition Authority (l’Autorité de la concurrence - the “Autorité”) imposed a fine of EUR 2.4 million on 37 model agencies and their main trade association, the SYNAM, in relation to...




competition

E-commerce: Commission probes suspected competition infringements in consumer electronics, videogames and hotel sectors

The European Commission has launched three investigations into suspected breach of the competition rules by companies in the consumer electronics, videogames and hotel sectors.  The consumer electronics and videogames probes come out of the Com...




competition

Competition and Markets Authority publishes updated retail mergers commentary

Introduction The Competition and Markets Authority (“CMA”), the authority responsible for operating and enforcing the UK merger control regime, has published its updated Retail Mergers Commentary (“New Commentary”).1 The CMA ...