propane

Asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with azadienes enabled by Brønsted base catalysis

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4QO00002A, Research Article
Shu Li, Zhi-Hong Dong, Si-Yu Dan, Mei-Jun Zheng, Teng Long, Jie Zhan, Qing Zhou, Wen-Dao Chu, Quan-Zhong Liu
A chiral bifunctional Brønsted base-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of D–A cyclopropanes and azadienes is reported. The protocol features broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and high functional group tolerance.
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propane

Palladium-catalyzed and ligand-controlled divergent cycloadditions of vinylidenecyclopropane-diesters with para-quinone methides enabled by zwitterionic π-propargyl palladium species

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4QO00368C, Research Article
Jia-Hao Shen, Yong-Jie Long, Min Shi, Yin Wei
A palladium-catalyzed and ligand-controlled divergent synthesis of spiro-cyclohexadienones from p-quinone methides and VDCP-diesters was realized via zwitterionic π-propargyl palladium species and the mechanism was clarified by DFT calculations.
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propane

Photocatalytic 1,3-Oxyheteroarylation of Aryl Cyclopropanes with Azine N-oxides

Chem. Sci., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4SC06723A, Edge Article
Open Access
Doyoung Kim, Hyewon Ju, Wooseok Lee, Sungwoo Hong
Cyclopropanes, valuable C3 building blocks in organic synthesis, possess high strain energy and inherent stability. We present an efficient, environmentally benign 1,3-oxyheteroarylation of aryl cyclopropanes using azine N-oxides as bifunctional...
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propane

Food truck safety resources spotlight propane hazards

Richmond, British Columbia — WorkSafeBC has published a safety bulletin and blog post intended to help food truck owners and workers avoid hazards associated with propane tanks.




propane

Carbon dioxide chiller provides ample cold for dairy and replaces propane heat for hot water

With this carbon dioxide chiller installed at a dairy, not only does it cool the milk better, it also provides heat for washing equipment.




propane

Crystal structure of propane-1,3-diaminium squarate dihydrate

Propane-1,3-diaminium squarate dihydrate, C3H12N22+·C4O42−·2H2O, results from the proton-transfer reaction of propane-1,3-di­amine with squaric acid and subsequent crystallization from aqueous medium. The title compound crystallizes in the tetra­gonal crystal system (space group P4bm) with Z = 2. The squarate dianion belongs to the point group D4h and contains a crystallographic fourfold axis. The propane-1,3-diaminium dication exhibits a C2v-symmetric all-anti conformation and resides on a special position with mm2 site symmetry. The orientation of the propane-1,3-diaminium ions makes the crystal structure polar in the c-axis direction. The solid-state supra­molecular structure features a triperiodic network of strong hydrogen bonds of the N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O types.




propane

Propane and solar energy: How using both can improve sustainability and comfort

Hybrid systems that run on propane and solar can be tailored to a project’s unique needs, providing lower first costs and reduced ongoing energy costs and emissions.




propane

Meet commercial water heating needs with efficient, reliable propane systems

The demand for energy-efficient commercial appliances continues to grow — especially as government initiatives continue to promote the use of energy-efficient solutions.




propane

Propane Council Launches New Site

The Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) relaunched its website, propane.com.




propane

Historic Inn Wins Efficiency Award From Propane Council

Propane use at Ruby’s Inn has helped eliminate 5,200 metric tons of COequivalent. This is equal to the greenhouse gas emissions from 1,410 gasoline-powered passenger vehicles driven for one year.




propane

Propane Can Offer HVAC Customers A Reliable Option for Backup Power

The growing electricity demands being placed on the country’s century-old grid are resulting in an increased number of unexpected power outages across the U.S.





propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.48 per gallon, up 1.1 cents from last week's price, but down 21.4 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.00 per gallon, up 1 cent from last week, but down 28.8 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.50 per gallon, up 2 cents from last week's price, but down 19.6 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.02 per gallon, up 1.4 cents from last week, but down 27.3 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.54 per gallon, up 4.2 cents from last week's price, but down 15.6 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.06 per gallon, up 4 cents from last week, but down 23.5 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.57 per gallon, up 3 cents from last week's price, but down 13.4 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.10 per gallon, up 3.9 cents from last week, but down 20.4 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.59 per gallon, up 1.6 cents from last week's price, but down 12.3 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.10 per gallon, up 1 cents from last week, but down 19.7 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.60 per gallon, up 1.6 cents from last week's price, but down 10.7 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.11 per gallon, up 7-tenths of a cent from last week, but down 18.7 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.61 per gallon, up 1 cent from last week's price, but down 9.5 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.12 per gallon, up 3-tenths of a cent from last week, but down 18 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.62 per gallon, up 6-tenths of a cent from last week's price, but down 8.6 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.12 per gallon, unchanged from last week, but down 17.3 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.61 per gallon, down 6-tenths of a cent from last week's price, and down 8.6 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.12 per gallon, down 2-tenths of a cent from last week, and down 16.9 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane is $2.60 per gallon, down 1.4 cents from last week's price, and down 9.9 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.11 per gallon, down 1.1 cents from last week, and down 17.7 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane is $2.59 per gallon, down 6-tenths of a cent from last week's price, and down 10.1 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.10 per gallon, down 5-tenths of a cent from last week, and down 17.7 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane is $2.58 per gallon, down 1.4 cents from last week's price, and down 10.2 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.09 per gallon, down 1.5 cents from last week, and down 18.1 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane is $2.58 per gallon, down 4-tenths of a cent from last week's price, and down 9.5 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $2.09 per gallon, down 6-tenths of a cent from last week, and down 18.3 cents from a year ago. .




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane on April 8th was $2.57 per gallon. That's down 9-tenths of a cent from the last week in March, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region were $2.07 per gallon, down 1.5 cents from March 25. Propane prices will be published monthly from April to September.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane on May 13 was $2.48 per gallon. That's down 9.2 cents from the last published price on April 8, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region were $1.99 per gallon, down 7.9 cents from April 8. Propane prices will be published monthly from April to September.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane on June 10 was $2.41 per gallon. That's down 6.3 cents from the last published price on May 13, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region were $1.91 per gallon, down 8.2 cents from May 13. Propane prices will be published monthly from April to September.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane on July 8 was $2.39 per gallon. That's down 1.8 cents from the last published price on June 10, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region were $1.88 per gallon, down 2.6 cents from June 10. Propane prices will be published monthly from April to September.




propane

Residential propane price decreases

The average retail price for propane on August 12 was $2.37 per gallon. That's down 2.3 cents from the last published price on July 8, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region were $1.86 per gallon, down 2.4 cents from July 8. Propane prices will be published monthly from April to September.




propane

Residential propane price decreases slightly

The average retail price for propane on September 9 was $2.37 per gallon. That's down 0.2 cents from the last published price on August 12, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region were $1.86 per gallon, up 0.3 cents from August 12. Propane prices will be published monthly from April to September.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.41 per gallon, up 3.8 cents from last week's price, and up 1.7 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $1.91 per gallon, up 5.1 cents from last week, and up 1.5 cents from a year ago. Starting this week, propane prices will be published weekly through March.




propane

Residential propane price increases

The average retail price for propane is $2.42 per gallon, up 1.4 cents from last week's price, and up 2.8 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $1.92 per gallon, up 1.8 cents from last week, and up 1.4 cents from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases slightly

The average retail price for propane is $2.42 per gallon, up 4-tenths of a cent from last week's price, and up 3 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $1.93 per gallon, up 1-tenth of a cent from last week, and up 6-tenths of a cent from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases slightly

The average retail price for propane is $2.43 per gallon, up 6-tenths of a cent from last week's price, and up 2.6 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $1.93 per gallon, up 4-tenths of a cent from last week, and up 1-tenth of a cent from a year ago.




propane

Residential propane price increases slightly

The average retail price for propane is $2.43 per gallon, up 2.7 cents from last week's price, and up 4.8 cents from a year ago, based on the residential heating fuel survey by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Propane prices in the Midwest region averaged $1.96 per gallon, up 2 cents from last week, and up 1.8 cents from a year ago.




propane

Speciation and dipole reorientation dynamics of glass-forming liquid electrolytes: Li[N(SO2CF3)2] mixtures of 1,3-propane sultone or tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide

Faraday Discuss., 2024, 253,42-54
DOI: 10.1039/D4FD00050A, Paper
Yasuhiro Umebayashi, Erika Otani, Hikari Watanabe, Jihae Han
Li[(CF3SO2)2N] mixtures with propane sultone or sulfolane, newly termed as glass-forming liquid electrolytes, exhibited large-size aggregate (AGG) formation via speciation and dipole reorientation. The AGGs may be crucial for the unique Li+ conduction.
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propane

Propane dehydrogenation on an extra-framework and framework-embedded metal site within ZSM-5 zeolite from first-principles microkinetic simulations

React. Chem. Eng., 2024, 9,2892-2901
DOI: 10.1039/D4RE00269E, Paper
Yujue Du, Wende Hu, Yunlei Chen, Chuanming Wang, Weimin Yang
The Lewis acid sites in ZSM-5 zeolite involving Co, Ni, and Cu cations were computationally studied on the stability and the PDH catalytic activity.
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propane

Rapid lung ventilation MRI using parahydrogen-induced polarization of propane gas

Analyst, 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4AN01029A, Paper
Open Access
  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.
Md Raduanul H. Chowdhury, Clementinah Oladun, Nuwandi M. Ariyasingha, Anna Samoilenko, Tarek Bawardi, Dudari B. Burueva, Oleg G. Salnikov, Larisa M. Kovtunova, Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov, Zhongjie Shi, Kehuan Luo, Sidhartha Tan, Juri G. Gelovani, Igor V. Koptyug, Boyd M. Goodson, Eduard Y. Chekmenev
The feasibility of ultrafast (1.7 s) ventilation MRI with a 1 × 1 × 50 mm3 voxel size is demonstrated using hyperpolarized propane gas contrast agent in excised rabbit lungs on a 0.35 T clinical MRI scanner without any scanner modification.
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propane

Synthesis of Aryl Fluorocyclopropanes from Aryl Fluorodiazirines and Alkenes in Continuous Flow

Chem. Commun., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4CC01881H, Communication
Hoang-Minh To, Shima Mirakhorli, Thierry Ollevier
Photochemically induced generation of aryl fluorocarbene from arylfluorodiazirines and their subsequent [2 + 1] cycloaddition with alkenes was developed in continuous flow. The in situ generated electrophilic aryl fluorocarbene reacted...
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propane

Design, synthesis and application of bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide catalysts in asymmetric synthesis of chiral cyclopropanes

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11,6470-6476
DOI: 10.1039/D4QO01532K, Research Article
Xiaoying Cao, Xue Tian, Minmin Liu, Shi-Wu Li
A novel type of highly efficient chiral C2-symmetric bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide ligands was prepared and successfully applied in the synthesis of optically pure 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclopropanes.
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propane

Activation of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes under basic conditions: ring opening of 2-(p-siloxyaryl)cyclopropane 1,1-dicarboxylates with nitro compounds and other C-nucleophiles

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11,6483-6494
DOI: 10.1039/D4QO01472C, Research Article
Yulia A. Antonova, Andrey A. Tabolin
A new activation mode for donor–acceptor cyclopropanes was proposed and implemented in their reaction with nitro compounds and other common C-nucleophiles.
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propane

Recent developments in the ring-opening transformations of gem-difluorocyclopropanes

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11,6518-6533
DOI: 10.1039/D4QO01583E, Review Article
Leiyang Lv, Junqi Su, Zhiping Li
This review summarizes the advances of gem-F2CPs as fluoroallylic synthons in transition metal-catalysed ring-opening/cross-coupling reactions via single, double or no C-F bond cleavage on the last two years.
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propane

Rh-Catalysed Hydroacyloxylation of Cyclopropenes: Regio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Acyloxycyclopropanes

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/D4QO01810A, Research Article
Ángel Manu Martínez, Gema Domínguez, Ines Alonso, Marta Palaín, Javier Perez-Castells
Cyclopropyl carboxylates are essential building blocks in biological and medicinal chemistry. However, their accessibility is severely limited by the need to pre-synthesise highly reactive cyclopropane derivatives. Herein, we report an...
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propane

From microkinetic model to process: understanding the role of the boron nitride surface and gas phase chemistry in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

React. Chem. Eng., 2024, 9,795-802
DOI: 10.1039/D3RE00600J, Paper
Unni Kurumbail, William P. McDermott, Edgard A. Lebrón-Rodríguez, Ive Hermans
In the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over boron nitride, propylene selectivity is lost due to unselective gas-phase chemistry.
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propane

A green and sustainable multi-enzyme cascade for the biosynthesis of 1,3-propanediamine from crude glycerol in vitro

Green Chem., 2024, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03777D, Paper
Daocheng Liao, Shiming Tang, Ying Lin, Suiping Zheng
This paper designs a novel multi-enzyme cascade reaction capable of efficiently synthesizing 1,3-propanediamine from glycerol in vitro.
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propane

Syntheses and crystal structures of 2-methyl-1,1,2,3,3-penta­phenyl-2-sila­propane and 2-methyl-1,1,3,3-tetra­phenyl-2-silapropan-2-ol

The sterically hindered silicon compound 2-methyl-1,1,2,3,3-penta­phenyl-2-sila­propane, C33H30Si (I), was prepared via the reaction of two equivalents of di­phenyl­methyl­lithium (benzhydryllithium) and di­chloro­methyl­phenyl­silane. This bis­benzhydryl-substituted silicon compound was then reacted with tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonic acid, followed by hydrolysis with water to give the silanol 2-methyl-1,1,3,3-tetra­phenyl-2-silapropan-2-ol, C27H26OSi (II). Key geometric features for I are the Si—C bond lengths that range from 1.867 (2) to 1.914 (2) Å and a τ4 descriptor for fourfold coordination around the Si atom of 0.97 (indicating a nearly perfect tetra­hedron). Key geometric features for compound II include Si—C bond lengths that range from 1.835 (4) to 1.905 (3) Å, a Si—O bond length of 1.665 (3) Å, and a τ4 descriptor for fourfold coordination around the Si atom of 0.96. In compound II, there is an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond present. In the crystal of I, mol­ecules are linked by two pairs of C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming dimers that are linked into ribbons propagating along the b-axis direction. In the crystal of II, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯π and O—H⋯π inter­actions that result in the formation of ribbons that run along the a-axis direction.




propane

The structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the salt 3-methacryl­amido-N,N,N-tri­methyl­propan-1-aminium 2-acryl­amido-2-methyl­propane-1-sulfonate

The title salt, C10H21N2O+·C7H12NO4S−, comprises a 3-methacryl­amido-N,N,N-tri­methyl­propan-1-aminium cation and a 2-acryl­amido-2-methyl­propane-1-sulfonate anion. The salt crystallizes with two unique cation–anion pairs in the asymmetric unit of the ortho­rhom­bic unit cell. The crystal studied was an inversion twin with a 0.52 (4):0.48 (4) domain ratio. In the crystal, the cations and anions stack along the b-axis direction and are linked by an extensive series of N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out on both the asymmetric unit and the two individual salts. The contribution of inter­atomic contacts to the surfaces of the individual cations and anions are also compared.




propane

Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies of 1,3-bis­[2-meth­oxy-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phen­oxy]propane

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C23H28O4, comprises two half-mol­ecules, with the other half of each mol­ecule being completed by the application of twofold rotation symmetry. The two completed mol­ecules both have a V-shaped appearance but differ in their conformations. In the crystal, each independent mol­ecule forms chains extending parallel to the b axis with its symmetry-related counterparts through C—H⋯π(ring) inter­actions. Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H⋯H (65.4%), H⋯C/C⋯H (21.8%) and H⋯O/O⋯H (12.3%) inter­actions. Optimized structures using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6–311 G(d,p) level are compared with the experimentally determined mol­ecular structures in the solid state. The HOMO–LUMO behaviour was elucidated to determine the energy gap.




propane

Hydrogen-bonding patterns in 2,2-bis­(4-methyl­phen­yl)hexa­fluoro­propane pyridinium and ethyl­enedi­ammonium salt crystals

The crystal structures of two salt crystals of 2,2-bis­(4-methyl­phen­yl)hexa­fluoro­propane (Bmphfp) with amines, namely, dipyridinium 4,4'-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­fluoro­propane-2,2-di­yl)dibenzoate 4,4'-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­fluoro­propane-2,2-di­yl)di­benzoic acid, 2C5H6N+·C17H8F6O42−·C17H10F6O4, (1), and a monohydrated ethyl­enedi­ammonium salt ethane-1,2-diaminium 4,4'-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­fluoro­propane-2,2-di­yl)dibenzoate monohydrate, C2H10N22+·C17H8F6O42−·H2O, (2), are reported. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallize, respectively, in space group P21/c with Z' = 2 and in space group Pbca with Z' = 1. The crystals of compound 1 contain neutral and anionic Bmphfp mol­ecules, and form a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chain motif. The crystals of compound 2 contain anionic Bmphfp mol­ecules, which form a complex three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network with the ethyl­enedi­amine and water mol­ecules.