The synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of an ox­am­ate-con­taining erbium(III) com­plex, namely, tetra­butyl­ammonium aqua­[N-(2,4,6-tri­methyl­phen­yl)oxamato]erbium(III)–di­methyl sulfoxide–water (1/3/1.5), (C16H36N)[Er(C11H12NO3)4(H2O)]·3C2H6OS·1.5H2O or n-Bu4N[Er(Htmpa)4(H2O)]·3DMSO·1.5H2O (1), are reported. The crystal structure of 1 reveals the occurrence of an erbium(III) ion, which is surrounded by four N-phenyl-substituted ox­am­ate ligands and one water mol­ecule in a nine-coordinated environment, together with one tetra­butyl­ammonium cation acting as a counter-ion, and one water and three dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mol­ecules of crystallization. Variable-temperature static (dc) and dynamic (ac) magnetic mea­sure­ments were carried out for this mononuclear com­plex, revealing that it behaves as a field-induced single-ion magnet (SIM) below 5.0 K.

Reaction of 2-(anthracen-9-yl)phenol (HOPhAn, 1) with divalent Yb[N(SiMe3)2]2·2THF in THF–toluene mixtures affords the mixed-valence YbII–YbIII dimer {[2-(anthracen-9-yl)phenolato-κO]bis­(tetra­hydro­furan)­ytterbium(III)}-tris­[μ-2-(anthracen-9-yl)phenolato]-κ4O:O;κO:1,2-η,κO-{[2-(anthracen-9-yl)phenolato-κO]ytterbium(II)} toluene tris­olvate, [Yb2(C20H13O)5(C4H8O)2]·3C7H7 or [YbIII(THF)2(OPhAn)](μ-OPhAn)3[YbII(OPhAn)]·3C7H7 (2), as the major product. It crystallized as a toluene tris­olvate. The Yb—O bond lengths in the crystal structure of this dimer clearly identify the YbII and YbIII centres. Inter­estingly, the formally four-coordinate YbII centre shows a close contact with one anthracene C—C bond of a bridging OPhAn ligand, bringing the formal coordination number to five.

Terbium oxychloride, TbOCl, was synthesized via the simple heat-treatment of TbCl3·6H2O and its structure was determined by refinement against X-ray powder diffraction data. TbOCl crystallizes with the matlockite (PbFCl) structure in the tetra­gonal space group P4/nmm and is composed of alternating (001) layers of (TbO)n and n Cl−. The unit-cell parameters, unit-cell volume, and density were compared to the literature data of other isostructural rare-earth oxychlorides in the same space group and showed good agreement when compared to the calculated trendlines.

Reaction of 2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)aniline (H2-L1) with one equivalent of Na[N(SiMe3)2] in toluene afforded pale-yellow crystals of tetra­meric poly[bis­[μ3-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)anilinido][μ2-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxa­zolin-2-yl)aniline]tetra­sodium(I)], [Na4(C11H13N2O)4]n or [Na4(H-L1)4]n (2), in excellent yield. Subsequent reaction of [Na4(H-L1)4]n (2) with 1.33 equivalents of anhydrous YbCl3 in a 50:50 mixture of toluene–THF afforded yellow crystals of tris­[2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)anilinido]ytterbium(III), [Yb(C11H13N2O)3] or Yb(H-L1)3 (3) in moderate yield. Direct reaction of three equivalents of 2-(4',4'-dimethyl-2'-oxazolin­yl)aniline (H2-L1) with Yb[N(SiMe3)2]3 in toluene resulted in elimination of hexa­methyl­disilazane, HN(SiMe3)2, and produced Yb(H-L1)3 (3) in excellent yield. The structure of 2 consists of tetra­meric Na4(H-L1)4 subunits in which each Na+ cation is bound to two H-L1 bridging bidentate ligands and these subunits are connected into a polymeric chain by two of the four oxazoline O atoms bridging to Na+ cations in the adjacent tetra­mer. This results in two 4-coordinate and two 5-coordinate Na+ cations within each tetra­meric unit. The structure of 3 consists of a distorted octa­hedron where the bite angle of ligand L1 ranges between 74.72 (11) and 77.79 (11) degrees. The oxazoline (and anilide) N atoms occupy meridional sites such that for one ligand an anilide nitro­gen is trans to an oxazoline nitro­gen while for the other two oxazoline N atoms are trans to each other. This results in a significantly longer Yb—N(oxazoline) distance [2.468 (3) Å] for the bond trans to the anilide compared to those for the oxazoline N atoms trans to one another [2.376 (3), 2.390 (3) Å].

A high power fiber laser system emitting a substantially diffraction limited beam with a Gaussian intensity profile includes a single mode (“SM”) neodymium fiber pump source outputting a SM pump light; a seed laser operative to emit a SM signal light at a wavelength greater than that of the pump light; a SM DWM receiving and multiplexing the SM pump and signal lights. The disclosed system further includes a booster fiber amplifier which is configured with a frustoconically-shaped ytterbium (“Yb”) doped core receiving the pump and signal lights and configured with a small diameter input end which supports only a SM and a large diameter output end which is capable of supporting the SM and high order modes (:HOM”). The booster further has a cladding surrounding and coextending with the core, the core being configured for having intensity profiles of respective SMs of pump and signal lights overlap one another so that an overlap integral substantially equals to one (1) along an entire length of the core. The SM of the light signal extracts substantially the entire energy from the pump mode leaving the HOMs without amplification necessary to affect a quality of the diffraction limited beam of the system in a MW peak power range and hundreds of watt average power range.