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Mosquitoes are the deadliest animals in the world because of the diseases they carry, indulging malaria and dengue. Mosquito-borne diseases are becoming ...

Japanese encephalitis virus activity in the Kimberley  Government of Western Australia Department of Health

Tropical diseases have always remained a big challenge to combat for public health professionals. In recent times, Assam has been recording a steady rise in medlinkvector-borne diseases/medlink.

Eastern equine encephalitis is a dangerous and deadly mosquito-borne illness. Here's what you need to know about it and how to protect yourself.

Encephalitis in children can cause significant neurologic sequelae, such as motor and cognitive impairment. Previous reported data are based mostly on questionnaires and clinical assessments.

Significant cognitive impairment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities are common after childhood encephalitis. Even children who were considered fully recovered may be significantly affected. Identifiable pathogens, abnormal neuroimaging, and abnormal neurologic examination on discharge are risk factors of poor outcome. (Read the full article)

Encephalitis is a serious and disabling condition. There are infectious and immune-mediated causes of encephalitis, but many cases remain undiagnosed.

This large single-center study on childhood encephalitis provides insight into the relative frequency and clinicoradiologic phenotypes of infectious, autoantibody-associated, and unknown encephalitis. Risk factors for an abnormal outcome are also defined. (Read the full article)

Among 231 children with confirmed encephalitis, we found higher-than-expected prevalence of WNV, Bartonella spp, and autoimmune disease despite infrequent testing.

A horse from Sussex County has tested positive for Eastern Equine Encephalitis, a mosquito-borne disease, the Delaware Department of Agriculture announced today.

ABSTRACT

Recent outbreaks of yellow fever virus (YFV) in West Africa and Brazil resulted in rapid depletion of global vaccine emergency stockpiles and raised concerns about being unprepared against future YFV epidemics. Here we report that a live attenuated virus similar to the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine JE-CVax/Imojev that consists of YFV-17D vaccine from which the structural (prM/E) genes have been replaced with those of the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine strain confers full protection in mice against lethal YFV challenge. In contrast to the YFV-17D-mediated protection against YFV, this protection is not mediated by neutralizing antibodies but correlates with YFV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies and T cell responses against cell-associated YFV NS1 and other YFV nonstructural (NS) proteins. Our findings reveal the potential of YFV NS proteins to mediate protection and demonstrate that chimeric flavivirus vaccines, such as Imojev, could confer protection against two flaviviruses. This dual protection may have implications for the possible off-label use of JE-CVax in case of emergency and vaccine shortage during YFV outbreaks. In addition, populations in Asia that have been vaccinated with Imojev may already be protected against YFV should outbreaks ever occur on that continent, as several countries/regions in the Asia-Pacific are vulnerable to international spread of the YFV.

IMPORTANCE Efficient and safe vaccines against yellow fever (e.g., YFV-17D) that provide long-lasting protection by rapidly inducing neutralizing antibody responses exist. However, the vaccine supply cannot cope with an increasing demand posed by urban outbreaks in recent years. Here we report that JE-CVax/Imojev, a YFV-17D-based chimeric Japanese encephalitis vaccine, also efficiently protects against YFV infection in mice. In case of shortage of the YFV vaccine during yellow fever outbreaks, (off-label) use of JE-CVax/Imojev may be considered. Moreover, wider use of JE-CVax/Imojev in Asia may lower the risk of the much-feared YFV spillover to the continent. More generally, chimeric vaccines that combine surface antigens and replication machineries of two distinct flaviviruses may be considered dual vaccines for the latter pathogen without induction of surface-specific antibodies. Following this rationale, novel flavivirus vaccines that do not hold a risk for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection (inherent to current dengue vaccines and dengue vaccine candidates) could be designed.

Objective

To explore practice differences in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), which is complicated by issues with sensitivity/specificity of antibody testing, nonspecific MRI/EEG/CSF findings, and competing differential diagnoses.

Objective

To describe the presentations, radiologic features, and outcomes of children with autoimmune encephalitis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG abs).

Highlights: World Encephalitis Day is celebrated annually on 22 nd February Its major objective is to raise awaren

Japanese Encephalitis, the deadly virus infection, is not new to Uttar Pradesh -- the first outbreak took place in 1978, and since then every year. But JE is predictable and self-limiting, giving health authorities clear opportunities to save lives. Still, the 2005 monsoon season has seen more chaotic management and more deaths, says Abhijit Das.

1,347 encephalitis patients have been admitted to various hospitals since January.

As many as 60 fresh encephalitis patients have been admitted to the government hospital.

With this, the no. of AES patients admitted in different govt hospitals this year climbed to 2,823.

Interview with Wendy M. Chung, MD, SM, author of The 2012 West Nile Encephalitis Epidemic in Dallas, Texas