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Flu Shots for Kids Protect Everybody, Study Shows

Title: Flu Shots for Kids Protect Everybody, Study Shows
Category: Health News
Created: 8/21/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2020 12:00:00 AM




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How to Keep Your Kids Trim Through Quarantine

Title: How to Keep Your Kids Trim Through Quarantine
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2020 12:00:00 AM




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Hearing Persists at End of Life, Brain Waves of Hospice Patients Show

Title: Hearing Persists at End of Life, Brain Waves of Hospice Patients Show
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM




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Israeli Study Shows Pfizer Booster Gives Seniors Big Rise in Immunity

Title: Israeli Study Shows Pfizer Booster Gives Seniors Big Rise in Immunity
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM




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Conservative Talk Show Host Who Railed Against Vaccines Dies of COVID

Title: Conservative Talk Show Host Who Railed Against Vaccines Dies of COVID
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM




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How Your Medicines Make Their Way Into Rivers, Lakes and Bays

Title: How Your Medicines Make Their Way Into Rivers, Lakes and Bays
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM




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AHA News: What Goes Into a Mediterranean Diet, and How to Get Started

Title: AHA News: What Goes Into a Mediterranean Diet, and How to Get Started
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Another Study Shows COVID's Danger to Pregnant Women

Title: Another Study Shows COVID's Danger to Pregnant Women
Category: Health News
Created: 8/11/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/11/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Pill to Counter Lupus Shows Promise in Mouse Study

Title: Pill to Counter Lupus Shows Promise in Mouse Study
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do You Recover From a Retinal Migraine?

Title: How Do You Recover From a Retinal Migraine?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/14/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/14/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do You Stop a Migraine Without Aura?

Title: How Do You Stop a Migraine Without Aura?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Can I Stop Menstrual Migraines?

Title: How Can I Stop Menstrual Migraines?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/16/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do I Get Rid of a Stye Overnight?

Title: How Do I Get Rid of a Stye Overnight?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 8/18/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/21/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How to Get Rid of a Stye Overnight

Title: How to Get Rid of a Stye Overnight
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 7/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/25/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Long Do Permanent Punctal Plugs Last?

Title: How Long Do Permanent Punctal Plugs Last?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 8/5/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/5/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do I Get My Baby to Sleep Longer at Night?

Title: How Do I Get My Baby to Sleep Longer at Night?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 8/18/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Can You Tell if Your Baby Has an Earache?

Title: How Can You Tell if Your Baby Has an Earache?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/16/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Can I Keep My Baby Cool in the Car Seat?

Title: How Can I Keep My Baby Cool in the Car Seat?
Category: Health and Living
Created: 3/17/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Can I Help My Toddler With Sleep Problems?

Title: How Can I Help My Toddler With Sleep Problems?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/17/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Long Do Potatoes Last? Raw, Cooked, and More

Title: How Long Do Potatoes Last? Raw, Cooked, and More
Category: Health and Living
Created: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Exercise, Puzzles, Games: How Do They Help Aging Brains?

Title: Exercise, Puzzles, Games: How Do They Help Aging Brains?
Category: Health News
Created: 7/21/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/21/2022 12:00:00 AM




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New Reports on Polio: How Worried Should We Be?

Title: New Reports on Polio: How Worried Should We Be?
Category: Health News
Created: 8/15/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/16/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Here's How New Federal Legislation Might Cut Your Drug Costs

Title: Here's How New Federal Legislation Might Cut Your Drug Costs
Category: Health News
Created: 8/12/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/15/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Here's How the Inflation Reduction Act Will Lower the Cost of Health Care

Title: Here's How the Inflation Reduction Act Will Lower the Cost of Health Care
Category: Health News
Created: 8/17/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/17/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do I Make My Ears Stop Ringing?

Title: How Do I Make My Ears Stop Ringing?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/10/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/10/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Can I Dry Up Fluid in My Inner Ear?

Title: How Can I Dry Up Fluid in My Inner Ear?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 11/8/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/29/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Can You Unblock Your Ear?

Title: How Can You Unblock Your Ear?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 12/31/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/29/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Did AIDS Start?

Title: How Did AIDS Start?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/3/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/3/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Does a Man Deal With Menopause?

Title: How Does a Man Deal With Menopause?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 4/27/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How to Manage Menopause Symptoms After Breast Cancer

Title: How to Manage Menopause Symptoms After Breast Cancer
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do I Know if I Have an Ovarian Cyst or Tumor?

Title: How Do I Know if I Have an Ovarian Cyst or Tumor?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/7/2022 12:00:00 AM




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Kids With ADHD Have Differences in 'Neural Flexibility,' Brain Study Shows

Title: Kids With ADHD Have Differences in 'Neural Flexibility,' Brain Study Shows
Category: Health News
Created: 7/29/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/1/2022 12:00:00 AM




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New Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Shows Promise in Trial

Title: New Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Shows Promise in Trial
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM




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AHA News: How You Feel About Aging Could Affect Health. Here's How to Keep the Right Attitude.

Title: AHA News: How You Feel About Aging Could Affect Health. Here's How to Keep the Right Attitude.
Category: Health News
Created: 8/19/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/19/2022 12:00:00 AM




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You Could Live 9 Years Longer in Hawaii Than in Mississippi, New Data Shows

Title: You Could Live 9 Years Longer in Hawaii Than in Mississippi, New Data Shows
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM




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What Is the Main Cause of Leaky Gut, and How Do You Fix It?

Title: What Is the Main Cause of Leaky Gut, and How Do You Fix It?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How to Get Rid of Mucus in My Chest Fast

Title: How to Get Rid of Mucus in My Chest Fast
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 6/22/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/22/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do I Get Rid of Winter Depression?

Title: How Do I Get Rid of Winter Depression?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 4/27/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Do I Increase Serotonin?

Title: How Do I Increase Serotonin?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/24/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/5/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Childhood Abuse Can Haunt the Senior Years

Title: How Childhood Abuse Can Haunt the Senior Years
Category: Health News
Created: 7/8/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/8/2022 12:00:00 AM




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How Early Career Family Medicine Women Physicians Negotiate Their First Job After Residency

Background:

Nested within a growing body of evidence of a gender pay gap in medicine are more alarming recent findings from family medicine: a gender pay gap of 16% can be detected at a very early career stage. This article explores qualitative evidence of women’s experiences negotiating for their first job out of residency to ascertain women’s engagement with and approach to the negotiation process.

Methods:

We recruited family physicians who graduated residency in 2019 and responded to the American Board of Family Medicine 2022 graduate survey. We developed a semistructured interview guide following a modified life history approach to uncover women’s experiences through the transitory stages from residency to workforce. A qualitative researcher used Zoom to interview 19 geographically and racially diverse early career women physicians. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using NVivo software following an Inductive Content Analysis approach.

Results:

Three main themes emerged from the data. First, salary was found to be nonnegotiable, exemplified by participants’ inability to change initial salary offers. Second, the role of peer support throughout residency and early career was crucial to uncovering and rectifying salary inequity. Third, a pay expectation gap was identified among women from minority and low-income households.

Conclusion:

To rectify the gender pay gap in medicine, a systems-level approach is required. This can be achieved through various levels of interventions: societally expanding the use of and removing the stigma around parental leave, recognizing the importance of contributions not currently valued by productivity-based payment models, examining assumptions about leadership; and institutionally moving away from fee-for-service systems, encouraging flexible schedules, increasing salary transparency, and improving advancement transparency.




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A worldwide perspective of long COVID management: how can we END-COVID?

Extract

As of 15 May 2024, >775 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and >7 million deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization [1]. Although most patients with COVID-19 survive, survivors are at risk of long COVID, the sequelae of the viral infection affecting multiple organ systems [2]. Long COVID poses a substantial burden to individuals and society, even with a conservative estimate of 10% prevalence among COVID-19 survivors [3–5]. However, as the symptoms of long COVID vary substantially, ranging from respiratory symptoms, such as dyspnoea and cough, to fatigue and cognitive impairment [6], developing a standard set of investigations and management protocols for patients with long COVID is challenging.




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“Je suis desole, ȷe parle francais”: How English Hegemony Undermines Efforts to Shift Power in Global Health

Le texte complet de l’article est aussi disponible en français.




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Enzyme Replacement Therapy for CLN2 Disease: MRI Volumetry Shows Significantly Slower Volume Loss Compared with a Natural History Cohort [CLINICAL PRACTICE]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was approved for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2), a subtype of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. The aim of this study was to quantify brain volume loss in CLN2 disease in patients on ERT in comparison with a natural history cohort using MRI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Nineteen (14 female, 5 male) patients with CLN2 disease at 1 UK center were studied using serial 3D T1-weighted MRI (follow-up time, 1–9 years). Brain segmentation was performed using FreeSurfer. Volume measurements for supratentorial gray and white matter, deep gray matter (basal ganglia/thalami), the lateral ventricles, and cerebellar gray and white matter were recorded. The volume change with time was analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model excluding scans before treatment onset. Comparison was made with a published natural history cohort of 12 patients (8 female, 4 male), which was re-analyzed using the same method.

RESULTS:

Brain volume loss of all segmented brain regions was much slower in treated patients compared with the natural history cohort. For example, supratentorial gray matter volume in treated patients decreased by a mean of 3% (SD, 0.74%) (P < .001) annually compared with an annual volume loss of a mean of 16.8% (SD, 1.5%) (P < .001) in the natural history cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our treatment cohort showed a significantly slower rate of brain parenchymal volume loss compared with a natural history cohort in several anatomic regions. Our results complement prior clinical data that found a positive response to ERT. We demonstrate that automated MRI volumetry is a sensitive tool to monitor treatment response in children with CLN2 disease.




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Comparative Evaluation of Lower Gadolinium Doses for MR Imaging of Meningiomas: How Low Can We Go? [CLINICAL PRACTICE]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Gadolinium-based contrast agents are widely used for meningioma imaging; however, concerns exist regarding their side effects, cost, and environmental impact. At the standard gadolinium dose, most meningiomas show avid contrast enhancement, suggesting that administering a smaller dose may be feasible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a lower gadolinium dose on the differentiation between meningiomas and adjacent intracranial tissues.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

One hundred eight patients with presumed or confirmed meningiomas who underwent a brain MRI at multiple doses of gadolinium were included in the study. The patients’ MRIs were categorized into 3 groups based on the gadolinium dose administered: micro (approximately 25% of the standard dose), low (approximately 62% of the standard dose), and standard dose. Multireader qualitative visual assessment and quantitative relative signal differences calculations were performed to evaluate tumor differentiation from the cortex and from the dural venous sinus. The relative signal differences for each dose were analyzed by using ANOVA for quantitative assessment and the McNemar test for qualitative assessment. Additionally, noninferiority testing was used to compare the low and micro doses to the standard dose.

RESULTS:

Decreasing the gadolinium dose to a low dose or micro dose resulted in a statistically significant decrease in signal difference between the tumor and the adjacent brain tissue (P < .02). However, on visual assessment, the low dose was noninferior to the standard dose. The proportion of cases with suboptimal differentiation was significantly higher for the micro dose than for the standard dose, both for the differentiation between the tumor and the cortex (P = .041) and the differentiation between the tumor and the sinus (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Reducing the gadolinium dose to 62% of the standard level still allows for sufficient visual delineation of meningiomas from surrounding tissues. However, further reduction to 25% substantially compromises the ability to distinguish the tumor from adjacent structures and is, therefore, not advisable.




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[Evolutionary Biology] How Important Is Variation in Extrinsic Reproductive Isolation to the Process of Speciation?

The strength of reproductive isolation (RI) between two or more lineages during the process of speciation can vary by the ecological conditions. However, most speciation research has been limited to studying how ecologically dependent RI varies among a handful of broadly categorized environments. Very few studies consider the variability of RI and its effects on speciation at finer scales—that is, within each environment due to spatial or temporal environmental heterogeneity. Such variation in RI across time and/or space may inhibit speciation through leaky reproductive barriers or promote speciation by facilitating reinforcement. To investigate this overlooked aspect of speciation research, we conducted a literature review of existing studies of variation in RI in the field and then conducted individual-based simulations to examine how variation in hybrid fitness across time and space affects the degree of gene flow. Our simulations indicate that the presence of variation in hybrid fitness across space and time often leads to an increase in gene flow compared to scenarios where hybrid fitness remains static. This observation can be attributed to the convex relationship between the degree of gene flow and the strength of selection on hybrids. Our simulations also show that the effect of variation in RI on facilitating gene flow is most pronounced when RI, on average, is relatively low. This finding suggests that it could serve as an important mechanism to explain why the completion of speciation is often challenging. While direct empirical evidence documenting variation in extrinsic RI is limited, we contend that it is a prevalent yet underexplored phenomenon. We support this argument by proposing common scenarios in which RI is likely to exhibit variability and thus influence the process of speciation.




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[Evolutionary Biology] How Does Selfing Affect the Pace and Process of Speciation?

Surprisingly little attention has been given to the impact of selfing on speciation, even though selfing reduces gene flow between populations and affects other key population genetics parameters. Here we review recent theoretical work and compile empirical data from crossing experiments and genomic and phylogenetic studies to assess the effect of mating systems on the speciation process. In accordance with theoretical predictions, we find that accumulation of hybrid incompatibilities seems to be accelerated in selfers, but there is so far limited empirical support for a predicted bias toward underdominant loci. Phylogenetic evidence is scarce and contradictory, including studies suggesting that selfing either promotes or hampers speciation rate. Further studies are therefore required, which in addition to measures of reproductive barrier strength and selfing rate should routinely include estimates of demographic history and genetic divergence as a proxy for divergence time.




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What We Do in the Shadows Champions Found Families, No Matter How Dysfunctional



Season six's latest episode introduced Laszlo's father—and chaos inevitably followed.




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Secret Level‘s Creator Hopes Concord Episode Showcases Its Lost Potential



Tim Miller hopes Amazon's anthology series will help viewers appreciate the "blood, sweat, and tears" Firewalk Studios put into the scrapped game.