vent The Application of International Law to State Cyberattacks: Sovereignty and Non-Intervention By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 29 Nov 2019 16:56:12 +0000 2 December 2019 Hostile cyber operations by one state against another state are increasingly common. This paper analyzes the application of the sovereignty and non-intervention principles in relation to states’ cyber operations in another state below the threshold of the use of force. Read online Download PDF Harriet Moynihan Senior Research Fellow, International Law Programme @HarrietMoyniha9 2019-11-29-Intl-Law-Cyberattacks.jpg A computer hacked by a virus known as Petya. The Petya ransomware cyberattack hit computers of Russian and Ukrainian companies on 27 June 2017. Photo: Getty Images. SummaryThe vast majority of state-to-state cyberattacks consist of persistent, low-level intrusions that take place below the threshold of use of force. International law, including the principle of non-intervention in another state’s internal affairs and the principle of sovereignty, applies to these cyber operations.It is not clear whether any unauthorized cyber intrusion would violate the target state’s sovereignty, or whether there is a threshold in operation. While some would like to set limits by reference to effects of the cyber activity, at this time such limits are not reflected in customary international law. The assessment of whether sovereignty has been violated therefore has to be made on a case by case basis, if no other more specific rules of international law apply.In due course, further state practice and opinio iuris may give rise to an emerging cyber-specific understanding of sovereignty, just as specific rules deriving from the sovereignty principle have crystallized in other areas of international law.Before a principle of due diligence can be invoked in the cyber context, further work is needed by states to agree upon rules as to what might be expected of a state in this context.The principle of non-intervention applies to a state’s cyber operations as it does to other state activities. It consists of coercive behaviour by one state that deprives the target state of its free will in relation to the exercise of its sovereign functions in order to compel an outcome in, or conduct with respect to, a matter reserved to the target state.In practice, activities that contravene the non-intervention principle and activities that violates sovereignty will often overlap.In order to reach agreement on how international law applies to states’ cyber operations below the level of use of force, states should put their views on record, where possible giving examples of when they consider that an obligation may be breached, as states such as the UK, Australia, France and the Netherlands have done.Further discussion between states should focus on how the rules apply to practical examples of state-sponsored cyber operations. There is likely to be more commonality about specific applications of the law than there is about abstract principles.The prospects of a general treaty in this area are still far off. In due course, there may be benefit in considering limited rules, for example on due diligence and a prohibition on attacking critical infrastructure, before tackling broad principles. Department/project International Law Programme, Cyber, Sovereignty and Human Rights Full Article
vent Seventy Years of the Geneva Conventions: What of the Future? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 24 Mar 2020 12:19:34 +0000 24 March 2020 Seventy years after the adoption of the Geneva Conventions, there are challenges that remain to be addressed. This briefing takes three pertinent examples, and discusses possibilities for addressing them. Read online Download PDF Emanuela-Chiara Gillard Associate Fellow, International Law Programme GettyImages-913468402.jpg Rescue of the wounded in Duma city by Syrian Red Crescent paramedics, 2 February 2018. Photo: Samer Bouidani/NurPhoto/Getty Summary The 70th anniversary of the adoption of the 1949 Geneva Conventions was commemorated in 2019. But violations of the Conventions and of the 1977 Additional Protocols are widespread.Contemporary conflicts have been marked by violations of some of the foundational rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) relating to the protection of the wounded and sick and of providers of medical assistance.A further area of IHL that has come under strain and scrutiny are the rules regulating humanitarian relief operations and their application to sieges and blockades.War has a huge impact on children, and the treatment of children in armed conflict is another area of the law that requires further attention.In the current political climate, it is unlikely that new treaties will be negotiated to address emerging issues or uncertainties in the law.Other measures must be explored, including the adoption of domestic measures to implement existing law; support for processes that interpret the law; and initiatives to promote compliance with the law by organized armed groups.One overarching challenge is the interplay between IHL and counterterrorism measures. It can undermine the protections set out in IHL, and hinder principled humanitarian action and activities to promote compliance with the law by organized armed groups. Department/project International Law Programme, The Limits on War and Preserving the Peace Full Article
vent Actor Boy Awards pays tribute to those we lost - Event goes online Saturday By jamaica-gleaner.com Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 23:09:23 -0500 Choreographer and designer Barry Moncrieffe; actress Lois Kelly Miller; New York-based broadcaster Gil Bailey; and actor and teacher Carl Samuels will all be remembered with a special tribute at Saturday’s staging of the annual Actor Boy Awards.... Full Article
vent Dryer Vent Cleaning Will County 312-848-4146 By investing.96.lt Published On :: Sat, 21 Jan 2017 04:25:25 UTC Dryer Vent Cleaning Will County 312-848-4146 - Dryer Vent Cleaning Will County IL: Dryer Vent Wizard provides residential and commercial dryer vent service. The Dryer Vent Installation experts can make your clothes dryer safer and greener by improving dryer performance to extend dryer life. Visit: http://www.willcountyil.dryerventcleaningnow. Full Article Entertainment
vent Inhibition of Mitochondrial Calcium Overload by SIRT3 Prevents Obesity- or Age-Related Whitening of Brown Adipose Tissue By diabetes.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-20T12:00:26-08:00 The whitening and loss of brown adipose tissue (BAT) during obesity and aging promote metabolic disorders and related diseases. The imbalance of Ca2+ homeostasis accounts for the dysfunction and clearance of mitochondria during BAT whitening. Capsaicin, a dietary factor activating TRPV1, can inhibit obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD), but whether capsaicin inhibits BAT loss and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we determined that the inhibitory effects of capsaicin on HFD-induced obesity and BAT whitening were dependent on the participation of SIRT3, a critical mitochondrial deacetylase. SIRT3 also mediated all of the beneficial effects of capsaicin on alleviating reactive oxygen species generation, elevating mitochondrial activity, and restricting mitochondrial calcium overload induced by HFD. Mechanistically, SIRT3 inhibits mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)-mediated mitochondrial calcium overload by reducing the H3K27ac level on the MCU promoter in an AMPK-dependent manner. In addition, HFD also inhibits AMPK activity to reduce SIRT3 expression, which could be reversed by capsaicin. Capsaicin intervention also inhibited aging-induced BAT whitening through this mechanism. In conclusion, this study emphasizes a critical role of the AMPK/SIRT3 pathway in the maintenance of BAT morphology and function and suggests that intervention in this pathway may be an effective target for preventing obesity- or age-related metabolic diseases. Full Article
vent US planning to ship 8,000 ventilators abroad By jamaica-gleaner.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 16:54:29 -0500 WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump, who’s taken to calling the US the “king” of ventilators, is making plans to ship 8,000 of the breathing machines to foreign countries by the end of July to help in their fight... Full Article
vent Preventing Overdiagnosis 2017 - Stacy Carter on the culture of overmedicalisation By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Thu, 17 Aug 2017 18:17:17 +0000 In this interview from Preventing Overdiagnosis 2017 (preventingoverdiagnosis.net) Stacy Carter, associate professor at Sydney Health Ethics - and the author of a recently written BMJ essay the ethical aspects of overdiagnosis, joins us to talk about how the cultural context of medicine seeps into our decision making processes and affects how... Full Article
vent Preventing Overdiagnosis 2017 - Citizen juries By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Sat, 19 Aug 2017 19:27:30 +0000 This week we’re at the over diagnosis conference in Quebec Canada, Preventing overdiangosis is a forum to discuss the harms associated with using uncertain methods to look for disease in apparently healthy people - and is part of the BMJ’s too much medicine campaign. One of the ways in which the public’s attitudes and wishes around health is... Full Article
vent Preventing overdiagnosis 2018 - Part 1 By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Fri, 24 Aug 2018 15:02:10 +0000 This week saw the latest Preventing Overdiagnosis conference - this time in Copenhagen. The conference is a is a forum where researchers and practitioners can present examples of overdiagnosis - and we heard about the various ways which disease definitions are being subtly widened, and diagnostic thresholds lowered. In this podcast we talk to... Full Article
vent Preventing Overdiagnosis 2018 - part 2: What opened your eyes to overdiagnosis? By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Fri, 31 Aug 2018 18:27:16 +0000 The concept of overdiagnosis is pretty hard to get - especially if you’ve been educated in a paradigm where medicine has the answers, and it’s only every a positive intervention in someone’s life - the journey to understanding the flip side - that sometimes medicine can harm often takes what Stacey Carter director of Research for Social Change at... Full Article
vent Fertility awareness based methods for pregnancy prevention By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Sat, 13 Jul 2019 17:38:01 +0000 Fertility awareness based methods of contraception are increasingly being used for pregnancy prevention. In the US, the proportion of contraceptive users who choose such methods has grown from 1% in 2008 to approximately 3% in 2014. Relative to other methods of pregnancy prevention, however, substantial misinformation exists around fertility... Full Article
vent Statins for primary prevention - How good is the evidence By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 10:12:15 +0000 Statins are now the most commonly used drug in the UK and one of the most commonly used medicines in the world, but debate remains about their use for primary prevention for people without cardiovascular disease. Paula Byrne from the National University of Ireland Galway, joins us to talk about the evidence of benefit for low risk individuals,... Full Article
vent C-Reactive Protein Is an Independent Predictor of Risk for the Development of Diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study By diabetes.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2002-05-01 Dilys J. FreemanMay 1, 2002; 51:1596-1600Complications Full Article
vent Preservation of Pancreatic {beta}-Cell Function and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Pharmacological Treatment of Insulin Resistance in High-Risk Hispanic Women By diabetes.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2002-09-01 Thomas A. BuchananSep 1, 2002; 51:2796-2803Pathophysiology Full Article
vent Haiti records seventh death from COVID-19 By jamaica-gleaner.com Published On :: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 10:27:51 -0500 PORT AU PRINCE, Haiti, CMC – The Ministry of Public Health has confirmed that a 20-year-old man has become the seventh person in Haiti to die of the coronavirus (COVID-19). It is urging the population to follow restriction measures, including... Full Article
vent Bermuda records seventh COVID-19 death By jamaica-gleaner.com Published On :: Sun, 03 May 2020 13:05:35 -0500 HAMILTON, Bermuda, CMC – Bermuda recorded its seventh COVID-19 death on Saturday as Finance Minister Curtis Dickinson announced that he would need to rewrite this year’s budget because of the battering from the global... Full Article
vent Taking COVID-19 heads on - Student entrepreneurs’ inventions prove viable weapons against deadly virus By jamaica-gleaner.com Published On :: Sun, 12 Apr 2020 00:19:49 -0500 As the global battle against the deadly COVID-19 disease wages on, with each country’s government, healthcare industry, and general public playing its part in defeating this new and relatively unknown enemy, two seemingly unlikely foot soldiers... Full Article
vent Multimodality Imaging of Inflammation and Ventricular Remodeling in Pressure-Overload Heart Failure By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-04-01T06:00:28-07:00 Inflammation contributes to ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia, but its role in nonischemic heart failure is poorly understood. Local tissue inflammation is difficult to assess serially during pathogenesis. Although 18F-FDG accumulates in inflammatory leukocytes and thus may identify inflammation in the myocardial microenvironment, it remains unclear whether this imaging technique can isolate diffuse leukocytes in pressure-overload heart failure. We aimed to evaluate whether inflammation with 18F-FDG can be serially imaged in the early stages of pressure-overload–induced heart failure and to compare the time course with functional impairment assessed by cardiac MRI. Methods: C57Bl6/N mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n = 22), sham surgery (n = 12), or coronary ligation as an inflammation-positive control (n = 5). MRI assessed ventricular geometry and contractile function at 2 and 8 d after TAC. Immunostaining identified the extent of inflammatory leukocyte infiltration early in pressure overload. 18F-FDG PET scans were acquired at 3 and 7 d after TAC, under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia to suppress cardiomyocyte glucose uptake. Results: Pressure overload evoked rapid left ventricular dilation compared with sham (end-systolic volume, day 2: 40.6 ± 10.2 μL vs. 23.8 ± 1.7 μL, P < 0.001). Contractile function was similarly impaired (ejection fraction, day 2: 40.9% ± 9.7% vs. 59.2% ± 4.4%, P < 0.001). The severity of contractile impairment was proportional to histology-defined myocardial macrophage density on day 8 (r = –0.669, P = 0.010). PET imaging identified significantly higher left ventricular 18F-FDG accumulation in TAC mice than in sham mice on day 3 (10.5 ± 4.1 percentage injected dose [%ID]/g vs. 3.8 ± 0.9 %ID/g, P < 0.001) and on day 7 (7.8 ± 3.7 %ID/g vs. 3.0 ± 0.8 %ID/g, P = 0.006), though the efficiency of cardiomyocyte suppression was variable among TAC mice. The 18F-FDG signal correlated with ejection fraction (r = –0.75, P = 0.01) and ventricular volume (r = 0.75, P < 0.01). Western immunoblotting demonstrated a 60% elevation of myocardial glucose transporter 4 expression in the left ventricle at 8 d after TAC, indicating altered glucose metabolism. Conclusion: TAC induces rapid changes in left ventricular geometry and contractile function, with a parallel modest infiltration of inflammatory macrophages. Metabolic remodeling overshadows inflammatory leukocyte signal using 18F-FDG PET imaging. More selective inflammatory tracers are requisite to identify the diffuse local inflammation in pressure overload. Full Article
vent 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Superior Diagnostic Performance to Conventional Scintigraphic Imaging for Localization of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands By jnm.snmjournals.org Published On :: 2020-04-01T06:00:28-07:00 Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder, definitive treatment usually requiring surgical removal of the offending parathyroid glands. To perform focused surgical approaches, it is necessary to localize all hyperfunctioning glands. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of established conventional scintigraphic imaging modalities with emerging 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT imaging in preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in a larger series of PHPT patients. Methods: In total, 103 patients with PHPT were imaged preoperatively with 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT and conventional scintigraphic imaging methods, consisting of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT, 99mTc-sestamibi/pertechnetate subtraction imaging, and 99mTc-sestamibi dual-phase imaging. The results of histologic analysis, as well as intact parathyroid hormone and serum calcium values obtained 1 d after surgery and on follow-up, served as the standard of truth for evaluation of imaging results. Results: Diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT surpassed conventional scintigraphic methods (separately or combined), with calculated sensitivity of 92% for PET/CT and 39%–56% for conventional imaging (65% for conventional methods combined) in the entire patient group. Subgroup analysis, differentiating single and multiple hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands, showed PET/CT to be most valuable in the group with multiple hyperfunctioning glands, with sensitivity of 88%, whereas conventional imaging was significantly inferior, with sensitivity of 22%–34% (44% combined). Conclusion: 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT is a diagnostic modality superior to conventional imaging methods in patients with PHPT, allowing for accurate preoperative localization. Full Article
vent Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious renal events: Scandinavian cohort study By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Wednesday, April 29, 2020 - 22:30 Full Article
vent Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Tuesday, May 5, 2020 - 12:46 Full Article
vent Virtual Event: Chatham House Circular Economy Conference By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 13 Dec 2019 08:25:01 +0000 Research Event 1 April 2020 - 10:00am to 2 April 2020 - 2:30pm Agendapdf | 137.89 KB The circular economy, that minimizes waste and keeps materials and products in circulation for as long as possible, is increasingly regarded as a promising model for driving sustainable and resilient economic growth in both developed and emerging economies. To successfully scale circular practices and ensure the transition from a linear to a circular model leaves no one behind, an inclusive and collaborative approach is required.The current global health crisis has significantly disrupted the global economy and our societies. We are experiencing a radical transformation in the way society, government and businesses operate. The ways we work, socialize, produce and consume have changed dramatically. Does the current situation offer a window of opportunity to accelerate the transition to a circular economy? Or will it pose further challenges to change the current linear system of ‘take-make-throw away’ to a circular system? The current situation also highlights the need to ensure the vulnerable are protected and no-one is left behind – in line with the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs also remind us that, despite the urgency of the current pandemic, the world needs to keep in mind the long-term nature of the circular economy transition and global sustainability objectives including the global climate targets and meeting the needs of future generations. Until recently, the discussions around the circular economy have predominantly focused on industrialized economies of Europe and China. However, a great deal of circular economy activity is already taking place in emerging economies, as the recent Chatham House report An Inclusive Circular Economy: Priorities for Developing Countries, discusses. Many countries across sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Latin America are adopting national policies and launching initiatives to promote the circular economy. To promote collaborative opportunities for an inclusive and sustainable circular economy transition at the international level, a clearer understanding of the opportunities, trade-offs and winners and losers of such a transition is needed. Supporting transformative alliances and finding solutions to overcome challenges especially in poorer countries, disadvantaged industry sectors and consumers is equally critical. In short, a ‘win-win-win’ vision for the environment, people and the economy, needs to be built together with credible pathways to achieving this vision. This virtual conference brings together circular economy leaders from policy, business, academia and civil society across the emerging economies and the developed world to identify best practices, initiatives and existing alliances that can help to build the pathways for achieving this vision. It builds on previous and ongoing research by Chatham House, and others, to drive forward an inclusive circular economy agenda and promote a just transition from linear to circular economic models. The first day of the virtual conference consists of keynote speeches and panel discussions focusing on the cross-cutting themes of just transition and inclusive circular economy as well as interconnections with other global key agendas and themes: Inclusive policy approaches for solving the global waste crisis.Financing the circular economy and closing the investment gap.Trade in the circular economy: closed local economies or global collaborating systems?During the second day of the conference, more specific circular economy themes are discussed in virtual panels including the following topics:Beyond plastic recycling: innovations for sustainable packaging.Advancing multilateral action on marine plastic pollution.Industry 4.0 and circular economy: identifying opportunities for developing countries.The Chatham House Circular Economy conference forms part of the programme of events to celebrate the Chatham House Centenary highlighting the main goals for the institute’s second century. Department/project Energy, Environment and Resources Programme, Building Transformative Alliances for an Inclusive Global Circular Economy Melissa MacEwen Project Manager, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme Email Full Article
vent Seventh Meeting of the New Petroleum Producers Discussion Group By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 06 Jan 2020 13:50:01 +0000 Research Event 11 November 2019 - 9:00am to 15 November 2019 - 6:00pm Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE The seventh annual meeting of the New Petroleum Producers Discussion Group brings together people from the group's member countries. The meeting includes an international discussion, a national seminar and a range of policy-relevant courses which have been specially tailored to the priorities of the group. This year’s international discussion focused on ‘Building Capacity and Institutions’.The New Petroleum Producers Discussion Group was first established in 2012 and provides a unique forum which brings together governments from over 30 new and prospective oil and gas producers to share their ideas and experiences. The group is jointly coordinated by Chatham House, the Commonwealth Secretariat, and the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI).This event was hosted by the Ministry of Energy of Uganda. Department/project Energy, Environment and Resources Programme, New Petroleum Producers Discussion Group Full Article
vent Virtual event: Global Forum on Forest Governance Number 30 By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 20 Jan 2020 13:15:01 +0000 Research Event 13 July 2020 - 9:00am to 14 July 2020 - 5:00pmAdd to CalendariCalendar Outlook Google Yahoo Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE The 30th Global Forum on Forest Governance will take place remotely online on 13-14th July 2020. Online registration, with further details, will follow in due course. Melissa MacEwen Project Manager, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme Email Department/project Energy, Environment and Resources Programme, Improving Forest Governance and Tackling Illegal Logging and Deforestation Full Article
vent Lack of evidence for interventions offered in UK fertility centres By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Monday, November 28, 2016 - 00:06 Full Article
vent Low molecular weight heparin does not prevent VTE after knee arthroscopy, studies show By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Tuesday, December 6, 2016 - 06:31 Full Article
vent Sex Difference in Effects of Low-Dose Aspirin on Prevention of Dementia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Long-term Follow-up Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-20T12:00:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the efficacy of long-term use of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of dementia in men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study is a follow-up cohort study of the Japanese Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis With Aspirin for Diabetes (JPAD) trial, which was a randomized, open-label, standard care–controlled trial examining the effects of low-dose aspirin on cardiovascular events. We followed up 2,536 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the JPAD trial from 2002 to 2017. The primary outcome of this post hoc analysis was the incidence of dementia, which was defined by the prescription of antidementia drugs or admission due to dementia. RESULTS Among the originally enrolled patients, 2,121 (84%) retained their original allocation. During a median follow-up of 11.4 years, 128 patients developed dementia. The overall effect of low-dose aspirin on the prevention of dementia adjusted for age, sex, and other established risk factors was not significant (hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% CI 0.58–1.16). However, a significant reduction was seen in the risk of dementia in women (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.95), but not in men (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.75–2.13) (Pinteraction = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Long-term use of low-dose aspirin may reduce the risk for dementia in women with T2D. Full Article
vent Japan offers weekend's only top-level event as horse racing struggles to resume By www.upi.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 11:10:39 -0400 Coronavirus brings worldwide horse racing almost to a halt, with only one Grade 1 event on the weekend schedule, but rays of hope exist. Full Article
vent Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention By clinical.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2010-12-01 Sara F. MorrisDec 1, 2010; 28:12-18Feature Articles Full Article
vent The Diabetes Code: Prevent and Reverse Type 2 Diabetes Naturally By clinical.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2019-07-01 Renza ScibiliaJul 1, 2019; 37:302-303Book Reviews Full Article
vent Within-Trial Evaluation of Medical Resources, Costs, and Quality of Life Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Participating in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-01-20T12:00:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE To compare medical resource use, costs, and health utilities for 14,752 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomized to once-weekly exenatide (EQW) or placebo in addition to usual diabetes care in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medical resource use data and responses to the EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) instrument were collected at baseline and throughout the trial. Medical resources and medications were assigned values by using U.S. Medicare payments and wholesale acquisition costs, respectively. Secondary analyses used English costs. RESULTS Patients were followed for an average of 3.3 years, during which time those randomized to EQW experienced 0.41 fewer inpatient days (7.05 vs. 7.46 days; relative rate ratio 0.91; P = 0.05). Rates of outpatient medical visits were similar, as were total inpatient and outpatient costs. Mean costs for nonstudy diabetes medications over the study period were ~$1,600 lower with EQW than with placebo (P = 0.01). Total within-study costs, excluding study medication, were lower in the EQW arm than in the placebo arm ($28,907 vs. $30,914; P ≤ 0.01). When including the estimated cost of EQW, total mean costs were significantly higher in the EQW group than in the placebo group ($42,697 vs. $30,914; P < 0.01). With English costs applied, mean total costs, including exenatide costs, were £1,670 higher in the EQW group than the placebo group (£10,874 vs. £9,204; P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in EQ-5D health utilities between arms over time. CONCLUSIONS Medical costs were lower in the EQW arm than the placebo arm, but total costs were significantly higher once the cost of branded exenatide was incorporated. Full Article
vent Impact of Treating Oral Disease on Preventing Vascular Diseases: A Model-Based Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Periodontal Treatment Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-02-20T11:55:30-08:00 OBJECTIVE Previous randomized trials found that treating periodontitis improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), thus lowering the risks of developing T2D-related microvascular diseases and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some payers in the U.S. have started covering nonsurgical periodontal treatment for those with chronic conditions, such as diabetes. We sought to identify the cost-effectiveness of expanding periodontal treatment coverage among patients with T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to estimate lifetime costs and health gains using a stochastic microsimulation model of oral health conditions, T2D, T2D-related microvascular diseases, and CVD of the U.S. population. Model parameters were obtained from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2009–2014) and randomized trials of periodontal treatment among patients with T2D. RESULTS Expanding periodontal treatment coverage among patients with T2D and periodontitis would be expected to avert tooth loss by 34.1% (95% CI –39.9, –26.5) and microvascular diseases by 20.5% (95% CI –31.2, –9.1), 17.7% (95% CI –32.7, –4.7), and 18.4% (95% CI –34.5, –3.5) for nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy, respectively. Providing periodontal treatment to the target population would be cost saving from a health care perspective at a total net savings of $5,904 (95% CI –6,039, –5,769) with an estimated gain of 0.6 quality-adjusted life years per capita (95% CI 0.5, 0.6). CONCLUSIONS Providing nonsurgical periodontal treatment to patients with T2D and periodontitis would be expected to significantly reduce tooth loss and T2D-related microvascular diseases via improved glycemic control. Encouraging patients with T2D and poor oral health conditions to receive periodontal treatment would improve health outcomes and still be cost saving or cost-effective. Full Article
vent Impact of a Telephonic Intervention to Improve Diabetes Control on Health Care Utilization and Cost for Adults in South Bronx, New York By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2020-03-20T11:50:34-07:00 OBJECTIVE Self-management education and support are essential for improved diabetes control. A 1-year randomized telephonic diabetes self-management intervention (Bronx A1C) among a predominantly Latino and African American population in New York City was found effective in improving blood glucose control. To further those findings, this current study assessed the intervention’s impact in reducing health care utilization and costs over 4 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured inpatient (n = 816) health care utilization for Bronx A1C participants using an administrative data set containing all hospital discharges for New York State from 2006 to 2014. Multilevel mixed modeling was used to assess changes in health care utilization and costs between the telephonic diabetes intervention (Tele/Pr) arm and print-only (PrO) control arm. RESULTS During follow-up, excess relative reductions in all-cause hospitalizations for the Tele/Pr arm compared with PrO arm were statistically significant for odds of hospital use (odds ratio [OR] 0.89; 95% CI 0.82, 0.97; P < 0.01), number of hospital stays (rate ratio [RR] 0.90; 95% CI 0.81, 0.99; P = 0.04), and hospital costs (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.84, 0.98; P = 0.01). Reductions in hospital use and costs were even stronger for diabetes-related hospitalizations. These outcomes were not significantly related to changes observed in hemoglobin A1c during individuals’ participation in the 1-year intervention. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the impact of the Bronx A1C intervention was not just on short-term improvements in glycemic control but also on long-term health care utilization. This finding is important because it suggests the benefits of the intervention were long-lasting with the potential to not only reduce hospitalizations but also to lower hospital-associated costs. Full Article
vent The Reality of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2014-04-01 Richard KahnApr 1, 2014; 37:943-949Current Concepts of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Full Article
vent Kidney Disease and Related Findings in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2014-01-01 Ian H. de BoerJan 1, 2014; 37:24-30DCCT/EDIC 30th Anniversary Summary Findings Full Article
vent Long-term Benefits of Intensive Glucose Control for Preventing End-Stage Kidney Disease: ADVANCE-ON By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2016-05-01 Muh Geot WongMay 1, 2016; 39:694-700Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Full Article
vent Psychosocial Problems and Interventions in Diabetes: A review of the literature By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 1992-11-01 Richard R RubinNov 1, 1992; 15:1640-1657Behavioral Diabetes Series Full Article
vent Vitamin E Reduction of Protein Glycosylation in Diabetes: New Prospect for Prevention of Diabetic Complications? By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 1991-01-01 Antonio CerielloJan 1, 1991; 14:68-72Short Report Full Article
vent Update on Cardiovascular Outcomes at 30 Years of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2014-01-01 John M. LachinJan 1, 2014; 37:39-43DCCT/EDIC 30th Anniversary Summary Findings Full Article
vent Manufactured Shoes in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 1995-10-01 Luigi UccioliOct 1, 1995; 18:1376-1378Short Report Full Article
vent Neuropathy and Related Findings in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2014-01-01 Catherine L. MartinJan 1, 2014; 37:31-38DCCT/EDIC 30th Anniversary Summary Findings Full Article
vent Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2015-09-01 Caroline S. FoxSep 1, 2015; 38:1777-1803Scientific Statement Full Article
vent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Can Be Prevented by Lifestyle Intervention: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL): A Randomized Controlled Trial By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2016-01-01 Saila B. KoivusaloJan 1, 2016; 39:24-30Considerations in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Full Article
vent Diabetes Prevention in the Real World: Effectiveness of Pragmatic Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and of the Impact of Adherence to Guideline Recommendations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2014-04-01 Alison J. DunkleyApr 1, 2014; 37:922-933Current Concepts of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Full Article
vent The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study at 30 Years: Overview By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2014-01-01 David M. NathanJan 1, 2014; 37:9-16DCCT/EDIC 30th Anniversary Summary Findings Full Article
vent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Examining the Impact of Modified Dietary Interventions on Maternal Glucose Control and Neonatal Birth Weight By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2018-07-01 Jennifer M. YamamotoJul 1, 2018; 41:1346-1361Reconsidering Pregnancy With Diabetes Full Article
vent Effect of a Lifestyle Intervention Program With Energy-Restricted Mediterranean Diet and Exercise on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: One-Year Results of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2019-05-01 Jordi Salas-SalvadóMay 1, 2019; 42:777-788Continuing Evolution of Nutritional Therapy for Diabetes Full Article
vent Current Challenges and Opportunities in the Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2018-04-01 William J. JeffcoateApr 1, 2018; 41:645-652Perspectives in Care Full Article
vent The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study at 30 Years: Overview By care.diabetesjournals.org Published On :: 2014-01-01 David M. NathanJan 1, 2014; 37:9-16DCCT/EDIC 30th Anniversary Summary Findings Full Article
vent Arizona Mission of Mercy event provides treatment to over 1,700 By www.ada.org Published On :: Thu, 23 Jan 2020 09:57:00 -0600 The Central Arizona Dental Society hosted a Mission of Mercy event Dec. 13-14 at the Arizona State Fairgrounds in Phoenix, providing treatment to 1,785 patients totaling just over $2 million in free dental service. Full Article
