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Quantification of the affinities of CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases for cognate protospacer adȷacent motif (PAM) sequences [Molecular Biophysics]

The CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases have been widely applied for genome editing in various organisms. Cas9 nucleases complexed with a guide RNA (Cas9–gRNA) find their targets by scanning and interrogating the genomic DNA for sequences complementary to the gRNA. Recognition of the DNA target sequence requires a short protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) located outside this sequence. Given that the efficiency of target location may depend on the strength of interactions that promote target recognition, here we sought to compare affinities of different Cas9 nucleases for their cognate PAM sequences. To this end, we measured affinities of Cas9 nucleases from Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Francisella novicida complexed with guide RNAs (gRNAs) (SpCas9–gRNA, SaCas9–gRNA, and FnCas9–gRNA, respectively) and of three engineered SpCas9–gRNA variants with altered PAM specificities for short, PAM-containing DNA probes. We used a “beacon” assay that measures the relative affinities of DNA probes by determining their ability to competitively affect the rate of Cas9–gRNA binding to fluorescently labeled target DNA derivatives called “Cas9 beacons.” We observed significant differences in the affinities for cognate PAM sequences among the studied Cas9 enzymes. The relative affinities of SpCas9–gRNA and its engineered variants for canonical and suboptimal PAMs correlated with previous findings on the efficiency of these PAM sequences in genome editing. These findings suggest that high affinity of a Cas9 nuclease for its cognate PAM promotes higher genome-editing efficiency.





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Spectral analysis and representation of solutions of integro-differential equations with fractional exponential kernels

V. V. Vlasov and N. A. Rautian
Trans. Moscow Math. Soc. 80 (2020), 169-188.
Abstract, references and article information




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On the solvability of a class of nonlinear integral equations in the problem of a spread of an epidemic

A. G. Sergeev and Kh. A. Khachatryan
Trans. Moscow Math. Soc. 80 (2020), 95-111.
Abstract, references and article information




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Com que roupa eu vou? Dicas de qual roupa usar

Com que roupa eu vou? Todos os dias nós, mulheres, enfrentamos o dilema de decidir o que vestir. Veja algumas dicas para lhe ajudar a escolher qual roupa usar… A…

The post Com que roupa eu vou? Dicas de qual roupa usar appeared first on Saúde Próspera.



  • Dicas de Saúde

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euromicron AG publishes its report on the third quarter of 2019

Final numbers for the first nine months match previously published figures Development of consolidated sales due to order postponements behind plan EBITDA (before IFRS 16) of €2.0 million and so slightly up year over year Capital increase completed successfully in the third quarter of 2019 Guidance for the whole of 2019 adjusted




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Free tools companies offer during the quarantine




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HIGH QUALITY LOGO DESIGNING SERVICES




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The Nagoya - Kula Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety opens for signature at the United Nations Headquarters, New York.




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The Nagoya - Kula Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety will be opened for signature on 7 March 2011, at the United Nations Headquarters, New York.




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55th edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (October-December 2011)




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56th edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (January to March 2012)




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57th, 58th and 59th edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (April to June 2012) (July to December 2012) is now available.




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CBD News: The CBD Secretariat is launching a quarterly e-Newsletter on the Ecosystem Approach, in order to facilitate sharing of information on the application of the ecosystem approach and promote the use and voluntary update of the Ecosystem Approach So




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CBD News: Statement by Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, at the Opening Session of the Seventh Meeting of the Ad Hoc Open-Ended Working Group on Access and Benefit-Sharing, UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, 2 Apr




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CBD News: Statement by Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, on the occasion of the Indigenous and Local Community, Business and Biodiversity Consultation, UN Headquarters, New York, 12 May 2009.




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CBD News: Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (July-September 2009)




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CBD News: The 47th Edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (October-December 2009).




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CBD News: Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities: Progress for All - Message from Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, on the occasion of International Women's Day 2010.




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CBD News: Statement by Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, on the occasion of the Resumed Plenary Meeting of the Sixty-Fourth Session of the General Assembly, United Nations Headquarters, New York, 15 April 2




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CBD News: The 48th edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (January-March 2010).




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CBD News: Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (April-June 2010).




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CBD News: 50th-51st edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (July-December 2010)




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CBD News: 52nd edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (January-March 2011).




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CBD News: 53rd edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (April-June 2011)




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CBD Communiqué: World Association of Zoos and Aquariums mobilized for the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity




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CBD News: 54th edition of the Quarterly Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity (July-September 2011)




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CBD News: Articles are presently being sought from members of civil society (including NGOs, social movements, indigenous organizations and representatives, local communities) for the eighth issue of the CBD newsletter for civil society, [square brackets]




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CBD News: Articles are presently being sought from members of civil society (including NGOs, social movements, indigenous organizations and representatives, local communities) for the ninth issue of the CBD newsletter for civil society, [square brackets],




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CBD News: The guidance addresses a major pathway for introduction and spread of invasive alien species, as a significant percentage of global invasive introductions result from pets, aquarium and terrarium species that escape from confined conditions and




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CBD News: This year, International Women's Day highlights the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action that twenty years' after its adoption remains an essential roadmap for the achievement of gender equality and women's rights.




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CBD News: A new report from the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity discusses the potential for synthetic biology to have both positive and negative impacts on biodiversity and looks at the role and adequacy of existing risk assessment a




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CBD News: As we celebrate this year's World Day to Combat Desertification, the message could not be clearer; in order to attain food security for all through sustainable food systems we must invest in our land. Soils represent at least a quarter of g




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CBD News: Young people between the ages of 10 and 24 comprise about 1.8 billion people, or about one quarter of the global population. This, according to the United Nations Population Fund, is the largest youth population ever.




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CBD News: Articles are presently being sought from members of civil society and indigenous peoples and local communities for the tenth edition of the CBD newsletter for civil society, [square brackets], being prepared to coincide with the nineteenth meeti




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CBD News: Articles are presently being sought from members of civil society and indigenous peoples and local communities for the tenth edition of the CBD newsletter for civil society, [square brackets], being prepared to coincide with the twentieth meetin




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CBD News: Statement by the CBD Executive Secretary on the occasion of the Expert Meeting on Improving Progress Reporting and Working towards Implementation of Aichi Biodiversity Target 6, 9 to 11 February 2016, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy




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CBD News: The theme for this year's International Women's Day, "Planet 50-50 by 2030: Step it up for Gender Equality", is well-aligned with the ambitious Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, which integrates gender equality and women




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CBD News: With its focus on mainstreaming biodiversity and issues being discussed at SBSTTA-20 and SBI-1, the May 2016 edition of [square brackets], the CBD newsletter for Civil Society, is now available online.




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CBD News: This year, International Mother Earth Day coincides with the signing ceremony for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change at UN Headquarters in New York, where world governments will demonstrate their commitment to meet the challenges of climate c




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CBD News: This year's theme for International Women's Day highlights women in the changing world of work, and sets our collective sights on the objective of making gender equality a reality by 2030.




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CBD News: For this year's International Women's Day, I join my voice to the call to action to empower women in all settings, rural and urban, and to draw inspiration from the activists working to achieve women's rights and gender equality.




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CBD News: Statement of the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Cristiana Pasca Palmer, on the occasion of the Seventeenth Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, United Nations Headquarters, 16 to 27




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CBD News: Opening statement by Ms. Cristiana Pasca Palmer, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, on the occasion of the eighteenth session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, United Nations Headquarters, Ne




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CBD News: This year, World Food Day calls for action across sectors to make healthy and sustainable diets affordable and accessible to everyone. It is a reminder that without healthy nature and biodiversity, we cannot have quality nutrition, and without q




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CBD News: Over 1000 delegates from more than 140 countries started negotiations today at FAO headquarters, Rome on the zero draft of a landmark post-2020 global biodiversity framework and targets for nature to 2030.




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CBD News: Joining the global celebration of the United Nations World Wildlife Day, representatives of UN Member States, UN System organizations, international and non-governmental organizations, rural communities and youth gathered at the UN Headquarters