Pro licence students from the Azeri, Estonian, Russian and Welsh national associations have visited UEFA for the latest coach education exchange programme seminar.

UEFA's innovative coach education exchange programme brought UEFA Pro licence students from Belgium, FYROM, Republic of Ireland and Switzerland to Nyon for the fourth such session.

TactX is the 3D coaching tool that can revolutionise the work of every coach and you can take advantage of a number of exciting new features from just €5 a month.

Source: Reuters - Wind and solar power are growing as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, but storing renewable energy through the night, when the sun isn’t shining, or when no wind is rotating the turbines, remains a hurdle.

Arizona is expected to repeal its longstanding ban on bilingual education, following similar moves in California and Massachusetts in recent years.

The extent to which young adults' laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted disease results and self-reported sexual behaviors are consistent has not been assessed in a nationally representative sample.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether young adults' reports of recent sexual behavior (presence of penile/vaginal sex in the previous 12 months) correspond with the presence of laboratory-confirmed nonviral STDs assessed by nucleic acid amplification testing. (Read the full article)

Few epidemiological studies, which included varied exposure assessment, have investigated the relation between drinking-water–disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes and hypospadias, and their results have been inconclusive.

Little evidence was found for an association between trihalomethanes and hypospadias, but a novel association between water consumption and hypospadias was found. Factors that influence maternal water consumption, or other contaminants in tap or bottled water, might explain this finding. (Read the full article)

The professionalism of physicians can have an impact on patient care and satisfaction and physician career success and is increasingly emphasized in residency training programs.

This study was an examination of the perspectives of families of pediatric patients and of pediatrics residents on the attributes of professionalism in physicians. Important overlaps were found between the attributes of professionalism prioritized by patient families and resident physicians. (Read the full article)

The National Children's Study, a large-scale, longitudinal, birth cohort study of US children that endeavors to identify preventable and environmental origins of chronic diseases, has begun recruitment.

In a highly diverse, urban setting, pregnant women can be recruited to participate in the National Children's Study at rates similar to those obtained in clinic settings. Refinements to the pregnancy screener and other components are needed to optimize implementation. (Read the full article)

Educators, public health authorities, and law enforcement are confronting an increasing number of cases in which youth made sexual images of themselves and other minors and transmitted them via cell phones and the Internet.

This study provides the first detailed and comprehensive national estimate of the percentage of youth who create and distribute various kinds of sexual images. (Read the full article)

Media reports suggest that adolescents are being charged with sex crimes and even placed on sex offender registries because of participating in the "sexting" of sexual images, but the nature and outcomes of such incidents have not been described empirically.

This is the first study to examine types of sexting cases handled by police. It informs clinicians by identifying characteristics of "aggravated" versus milder incidents and finding that most youth were not arrested. Sex offender registration was rare. (Read the full article)

A delay in seeking medical care for children with significant injury often raises a concern about child abuse, but there are few data describing the range of responses children display after accidental fracture for providers to use in comparison.

This study presents the range of responses exhibited by children after accidental fractures and identifies factors associated with a delay in seeking medical care. No child was asymptomatic, although a minority did not manifest all expected responses after their injury. (Read the full article)

Blood pressure and heart rate are altered by sleep state and postnatal age in healthy term and preterm infants. Preterm infants have altered blood pressure responses to head-up tilting during sleep.

Preterm birth has marked effects on the maturation of baroreflex sensitivity during sleep, which may contribute to the greater vulnerability of preterm infants to sudden infant death syndrome. (Read the full article)

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) account for more than one-third of pediatric health care costs. Little is known regarding the impact of shared decision-making (SDM) over time on child health care expenditures and utilization.

In a national sample, we found that increasing SDM was associated with decreased health care costs and utilization for CSHCN. Results support prospective studies to determine if pediatric interventions to foster SDM reduce the financial burden of caring for CSHCN. (Read the full article)

Extreme preterm birth is associated with developmental shortcomings that may reduce exercise capacity and participation in physical activities in later life. The number of studies addressing these issues in adolescent populations is limited, test methods differ, and results are diverging.

Exercise capacity after preterm birth was in the same range as in term-born control subjects. Participation in physical activity was lower in preterm subjects compared with control subjects; however, the response to exercise in terms of increased aerobic capacity was similar. (Read the full article)

Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are very common in children. Currently, there are no effective preventive measures for URI. There are no studies on the effect of montelukast for prevention of URI.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of preschool-aged children, 12-week prophylactic treatment with montelukast did not reduce the incidence of URI. (Read the full article)

Eating disorders are characterized by preoccupation with weight and shape, which is manifested by a refusal to maintain a normal weight. An exact determination of expected body weight (EBW) is critical for diagnosis and clinical management of these disorders.

The McLaren and Moore methods present with several limitations when calculating EBW for adolescents with eating disorders. A commonly agreed upon method for EBW calculation such as the BMI percentile method is recommended for clinical and research purposes. (Read the full article)

High-grade vesicoureteral reflux is a risk factor for impaired renal function. Diagnosis by voiding cystourethrography is invasive and highly uncomfortable. As only a minority of children show high-grade vesicoureteral reflux, this exposes the majority to unnecessary distress.

This case-control study proved that high-grade vesicoureteral reflux is identifiable with high sensitivity using urinary proteome analysis, based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry in a cohort suspected of having vesicoureteral reflux, thus sparing the majority of children from invasive diagnostics. (Read the full article)

Although follow-up examinations are recommended for suspected victims of sexual abuse or assault, little is known about the potential benefits of a second examination with regard to diagnosing trauma or sexually transmitted infections.

In ~23% of pediatric patients evaluated for sexual abuse or assault, a second examination by a specialist changed the interpretation of trauma likelihood or results in the detection of a sexually transmitted infection. (Read the full article)

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) is a noninvasive ventilatory support that may reduce the need for mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Heliox, a helium-oxygen mixture, has shown positive effects, especially in obstructive diseases.

NCPAP with heliox reduces the need for mechanical ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome in comparison with NCPAP with medical air. (Read the full article)

Secondhand smoke exposure poses a significant health risk to nonsmokers. With the proliferation of comprehensive smoke-free laws prohibiting smoking in worksites and public areas, private areas have become the primary source of secondhand smoke exposure for many individuals, particularly youth.

Secondhand smoke exposure in cars has steadily declined among middle and high school students. However, many remain exposed to secondhand smoke in this environment. Jurisdictions should expand existing comprehensive smoke-free policies to prohibit smoking in vehicles occupied by youth. (Read the full article)

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely low birth weight infants and contributes to morbidity and mortality.

Pulmonary hypertension affects at least 1 in 6 extremely low birth weight infants and persists to discharge in most survivors. Routine screening of these infants with echocardiography at 4 weeks of age identifies only one-third of those affected. (Read the full article)

Prior to the Affordable Care Act of 2010, 34 states enacted laws extending eligibility for parents’ health insurance to adult children. Few studies have examined their impact; a single study found no change in insurance 1 year after enactment.

States that expanded parents’ insurance eligibility to young adults were associated with higher rates of insurance coverage, identification of a personal clinician, physical exams, and lower forgone care due to cost. The Affordable Care Act may similarly improve access to care. (Read the full article)

Bronchiolitis is the most common cause for hospital admission in patients aged <1 year. Hypoxia is a common reason for admission. Despite a multitude of studies looking at various treatment strategies, no clear benefit has been found.

With oxygen therapy being the main therapeutic option, home oxygen offers a novel way to manage bronchiolitis. This study shows that home oxygen is a safe and effective way to decrease hospital admissions in a select group of patients. (Read the full article)

There are known gaps in quality measures for children. More clinical effectiveness research is needed. The patient-centered medical home may serve as a model to guide the development of quality measures, particularly for children with complex medical conditions.

This study combined systematic literature review and the Rand/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness method to develop quality measures for children with complex medical conditions. These are valid and feasible quality measures based on the patient-centered medical home framework that may be used to assess care. (Read the full article)

Among extremely premature infants, survival has improved, but the rate of cognitive impairment has not. Impaired cognition is the most frequent developmental problem identified in survivors. Several antenatal factors have been associated with cognitive impairment, mostly related to social disadvantage.

In addition to social disadvantage, antenatal characteristics associated with cognitive impairment include maternal obesity and thrombosis of fetal stem vessels. Prenatal infection and inflammation were not associated with impaired early cognitive function among extremely preterm infants. (Read the full article)

The demographics of trials that use antenatal consent may not be representative of the populations that they are intended to study.

This study analyzes the difference in clinical outcomes between the enrolled and eligible but not enrolled populations of a trial that required antenatal consent. (Read the full article)

Inhaled nitric oxide for premature infants has been evaluated in multiple studies; however, these trials differed in treatment initiation, duration of therapy, and inclusion criteria. Furthermore, these trials reached differing conclusions regarding the benefit of inhaled nitric oxide.

We used a large sample of infants from children’s hospitals and found that the use of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants was variable even when controlling for demographic characteristics and disease. (Read the full article)

Prenatal methamphetamine exposure has been related to deficits in fetal growth, changes in infant neurobehavior, and fine motor deficits, but little is known about its developmental effects on behavior problems in early childhood.

This is the first prospective study to identify behavior problems associated with prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Mood difficulties and acting-out behavior are increased in exposed children by age 3 years. Early identification and intervention may prevent escalation into delinquency and psychopathology. (Read the full article)

Subjects born preterm have higher blood pressure (BP) in childhood and adolescence. Little is known about at what age the deviation from normal BP starts, and data are especially scarce for the new generation of survivors after extremely preterm birth.

In a population-based study, we found that BP was higher in 2.5-year-old children born extremely preterm compared with controls. This finding might have implications for follow-up programs after preterm birth, with the goal of improving later cardiovascular health. (Read the full article)

Nearly one-third of all US children are overweight or obese, with even higher prevalence among Mexican American children. Overweight and obesity increase systemic inflammation, contributing to increased risk for chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Obese Mexican American children had concurrent alterations in both inflammatory markers and traditional disease risk markers, relative to healthy weight children. Our results provide evidence partially explaining the health disparity for disease in Mexican American children who are overweight/obese. (Read the full article)

Tenfold medication error is a well-recognized risk of pharmacotherapy in pediatric practice but little evidence describes the circumstances of such errors.

This study identified 252 tenfold medication errors, 22 of which resulted in patient harm. We identified opioids and other high-risk medications to be associated with tenfold medication error and frequent, recurrent causes, mechanisms, and error enablers that suggest areas for future improvements. (Read the full article)

Autism is widely considered a heterogeneous disorder in terms of etiology and phenotype. Although autism is usually a lifelong disorder, little is known about the rate or timing of how children develop regarding their communication and social functioning.

Utilizing annual evaluations for a large population of children with autism, we describe the 6 most common trajectories from diagnosis through age 14 years. Trajectories revealed considerable variation, and high socioeconomic status children were more likely to experience rapid improvement. (Read the full article)

In utero exposure to glucocorticoids in animal models influences vascular development. Studies in young adults have shown that exposure to antenatal glucocorticoids alters glucose metabolism, but it is not known whether there are any cardiovascular effects.

Glucocorticoid exposure is associated with a localized increase in aortic arch stiffness, similar in magnitude to term-born individuals a decade older. The change in stiffness does not relate to changes in glucose metabolism that were also evident in this cohort. (Read the full article)

The presumed causes of neonatal deaths globally have remained unchanged over the past decade and include infections (~30%), prematurity (~30%), and asphyxia (~25%). Great uncertainty surrounds these estimates and, in addition, cases are likely misclassified as stillbirths.

These observational findings indicate that asphyxia accounts for a much higher percentage (60% of early deaths). Prematurity (18%), low birth weight (8%), and overt infection are much less common. The 5-minute Apgar score is an unreliable indicator of birth asphyxia. (Read the full article)

Some studies demonstrate that adolescents have different perinatal risks and outcomes than nonadolescents. Few studies have explored the maternity experiences or practices of adolescents that may underlie these differences, or compared these with nonadolescents by using a nationally representative sample.

Adolescents and young adults were more likely to experience physical abuse, late prenatal care initiation, poor prenatal health behaviors, lower breastfeeding initiation and duration rates, postpartum depression, and lower folic acid supplementation than adult women. (Read the full article)

Information on infant safety after exposure to maternal antiretroviral regimens during pregnancy in international clinical trials is lacking. As antiretroviral drugs are released to populations in resource-limited settings through clinical trials, it becomes critical to collect pediatric outcome data.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of reporting infant outcomes following adult antiretroviral trials in developing countries, provides HIV-free infant survival and prospective growth data in association with maternal parameters, and details morbidity, mortality, and genetic defects following maternal antiretroviral exposure. (Read the full article)

Treatment of adolescent migraine remains a significant unmet medical need. In adults, the combination of sumatriptan and naproxen sodium has demonstrated superior efficacy, with similar tolerability, to its components in the acute treatment of migraine.

This study constitutes the first large-scale, placebo-controlled evidence for the acute relief of adolescent migraine pain and associated symptoms with an oral medication. (Read the full article)

Observation studies and short-term prospective intervention studies have shown that physical activity positively affects the accrual of bone mass and size during growth; however, fracture risk has not been evaluated.

This study reports the long-term results of a prospective intervention with increased physical activity at a population-based level and for the first time evaluated the clinical relevant end point, fracture risk. (Read the full article)

Most mothers in the United States do not meet recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding; however, little is known about how long mothers intend to exclusively breastfeed or how hospital practices affect achieving these intentions.

Most mothers who want to exclusively breastfeed intend to do so for ≥3 months, but the majority are not meeting their intended duration. Mothers are more likely to achieve their intended duration when their infant is not supplemented in the hospital. (Read the full article)

Previous cohorts of extremely low birth weight adolescents have assessed their health status similar to that of normal birth weight controls.

Extremely low birth weight adolescents born in the 1990s assess their health similar to controls but report less risk taking. Extremely low and normal birth weight children rate their health to be poorer at 8 than at 14 years. (Read the full article)

Known rates of nonsuicidal self-injury, hurting oneself without the intent to die, are between ~7% and 24% in samples of early adolescents and older adolescents, yet research has not reported rates for youth younger than 11 years old.

Children as young as 7 years old report engaging in nonsuicidal self-injury. There is a grade by gender interaction for nonsuicidal self-injury, such that ninth-grade girls report the greatest rates of engagement and do so by cutting themselves. (Read the full article)

Regular use of an integrated personal health record (PHR) may lead to improved outcomes through improved care coordination, communication, and patient empowerment. A limited number of studies have examined integrated PHR use for children.

Parents of children with chronic disease appear willing to use an integrated PHR to address health care needs for their child. PHRs may lead to improved health care and outcomes by enabling more coordinated care for children with chronic disease. (Read the full article)

Previous studies show beneficial effects of cycled lighting in neonatal care on infant day–night activity, sleep behavior, and postnatal growth. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend neonatal care under cycled lighting conditions.

This study found that cycled lighting during neonatal care reduces infant’s fussing and crying behavior at 5 and 11 weeks’ corrected age and improves growth during neonatal period. These findings support the introduction of cycled lighting in neonatal care practice. (Read the full article)

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely premature neonates can be predicted at birth by considering gender, antenatal steroids, multiple birth, birth weight, and gestational age.

Prediction of death or neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely premature infants is improved by using information available later during the clinical course. The importance of birth weight declines, whereas that of respiratory illness severity increases with advancing postnatal age. (Read the full article)

Family-centered rounds (FCR) show promise for higher patient care satisfaction. Many previous studies are limited by small sample size and observational or pre-post designs, and health care service outcomes have not been previously examined.

Our study uses an FCR assessment tool and a comparison group of non-FCR patients. We found that FCR are associated with improved family experiences, with no additional burden to health care service use. (Read the full article)

Sudden infant death syndrome remains the major cause of postneonatal death in developed countries. Although infant-parent bed-sharing following antenatal smoking or maternal consumption of alcohol on the bed-sharing night increases the risk of death, the mechanism is not known.

Bed-sharing infants experienced more oxygen desaturations and episodes of carbon dioxide rebreathing than cot-sleeping infants but showed appropriate behavioral and physiologic responses. A deficit in these responses in vulnerable infants could link to increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. (Read the full article)

Trisomy 13 and 18 are conditions with 1-year survival rates of less than 10% and have traditionally been treated with palliative care. There are increasing reports of ethical dilemmas caused by parental requests for clinical interventions.

Parents who belong to social networks report an enriching family experience and describe surviving children as happy. Many of these parents describe challenging encounters with health care providers. (Read the full article)

Because most childhood tuberculosis cases are sputum smear-negative, diagnosis relies largely upon clinical presentation, tuberculin skin testing, and chest radiograph. Diagnostic limitations contribute to treatment delays and high mortality. However, childhood tuberculosis (TB) mortality risk factors are not well documented.

This study demonstrates that false-negative TST is common in children with active TB and is associated with increased risk of death. A negative TST should not delay anti-TB therapy. Improved diagnostic modalities are urgently needed in resource-limited settings. (Read the full article)

3,4-Methylenedioxymetham-phetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a widely used recreational drug affecting the serotonergic system. Preclinical studies indicate learning/memory problems with fetal exposure. Human infant prenatal exposure was related to alterations in gender ratio and poorer motor development at 4 months.

This is the first study documenting that heavier prenatal 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine exposure predicts poorer infant mental and motor development at 12 months with significant, persistent neurotoxic effects. Language and emotional regulation were unaffected. (Read the full article)