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Biological composite material loaded with magnetic nanoparticles with core-shell structure, the preparation therefore and the application

A preparation method of Bacillus subtilis biological composite material loaded with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with core-shell structure includes the following steps: 1) preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, 2) preparation of Fe3O4@mSiO2 nanoparticles, 3) preparation of Fe3O4@mSiO2@MANHE nanoparticles; and 4) preparation of Bacillus subtilis@Fe3O4@mSiO2@MANHE composite.




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TANGENTIAL FILTER WITH A SUPPORTING ELEMENT INCLUDING A SET OF CHANNELS

A tangential filter for filtration of a fluid includes a support element, wherein, along a transverse plane perpendicular to the central axis of the support element a) the support element includes in its central portion only inner channels that do not share a common wall with its outer surface, the inner channels having a substantially equivalent hydraulic diameter, b) the support element includes peripheral channels, including at least first and second adjacent peripheral channels, each of the two channels sharing a common wall with the outer surface, c) the ratio of the hydraulic diameter of the first channel to the hydraulic diameter of the second channel is greater than or equal to 1.1, d) the number of peripheral first channels is greater than or equal to the number of peripheral second channels, e) the second channel has a hydraulic diameter substantially identical to the hydraulic diameter of the inner channels.




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Treasure Island Music Festival Made a Valiant Attempt to Weather the Storm

Kamaiyah, Ice Cube, How to Dress Well, and Sigur Rós played in the rain despite the many delays, cancelations, and technical difficulties. Treasure Island promised one of its best lineups yet for its tenth anniversary, but severe weather literally rained on everyone's parade. Many performances were delayed or canceled, often with little communication to the public on Saturday.…




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Berkeley Police Basically MIA At Saturday's Violent Pro-Trump Vs. AntiFa Brawl

Including a photo slideshow. Even at 10 a.m. this past Saturday morning, hours before a throng of anti-fascists and Trump-supporting white nationalists overtook downtown Berkeley’s streets, it was clear that most of the attendees were less interested in speeches, protesting, and free speech — and were mostly there just to tee-off on each other. Before the brawling began, officers stationed themselves at the entrances to downtown's "Peace Park."…



  • News & Opinion/News

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Photos from the ANSWER and Indivisible Counter-Protests Against ACT for America's 'March Against Sharia'

ACT for America, which the Southern Poverty Law Center has designated as an anti-muslim hate group, showed up on Saturday morning in cities nationwide, dubbing its protest a "March Against Sharia." Berkeley was spared, but the group appeared in nearby Santa Clara, and in Roseville, a suburb of Sacramento.…




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Kitchen Story Tells a Familiar Yet Refreshing Tale

The 10th restaurant from Bay Area restaurateur Hoyul Steven Choi offers a creative take on Korean-infused cuisine. You'd think that after opening nearly a dozen successful restaurants in the ultra-competitive Bay Area dining scene, restaurateur Hoyul Steven Choi would have calmed his new restaurant jitters by now. But Choi says that's not the case.…




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METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATING TO FUSIONS OF ALK FOR DIAGNOSING AND TREATING CANCER

Disclosed are methods and compositions for detecting the presence of a cancer in a subject and assessing the efficacy of treatments for the same. The disclosed method use reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction techniques as well as Template Exchange Extension Reaction (TEER) to detect the presence of point mutations, truncations, or fusions of anaplastic lymphoma kinase.




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MICROBIAL SAMPLING SYSTEM

A microbial gaseous-fluid sampler for collecting microbial particles from gaseous fluid includes a gaseous-fluid intake portion having a sample head with a plurality of holes. The gaseous-fluid intake portion further includes a collar configured to receive a Petri dish including agar. The plurality of holes define an exit plane that is positioned a distance from the agar within a range of 5.5 millimeters to 7.5 millimeters. The velocity of the air exiting the plurality to holes is within a range of 18.5 meters per second to 20.5 meters per second.




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DETECTION OF ANTIGENIC VARIANTS

An antigenic characterization method using polyclonal antibody-based proximity ligation assays (polyPLA). Methods, kits, and other tools disclosed herein are useful in detecting microbial antigenic variants in samples, including clinical samples. The methods and kits have great utility in detecting antigenic variants for pathogenic microbes, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites.




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SOLUBLE AND IMMUNOREACTIVE VARIANTS OF HTLV CAPSID ANTIGEN P24

The invention concerns soluble and antigenic HTLV p24 variants that can be fused to chaperones and their use in diagnostic applications such as immunoassays for detecting antibodies against HTLV-I or HTLV-II in an isolated biological sample. In particular, the invention relates to a soluble HTLV-I or HTLV-II p24 antigen comprising either the N- or the C-terminal domain of p24 and lacking the other domain. Moreover, the invention covers recombinant DNA molecules encoding these HTLV-I and -II fusion antigens as well as their recombinant production using expression vectors and host cells transformed with such expression vectors. In addition, the invention focuses on compositions of these HTLV p24 antigens with HTLV gp21 antigen and on an immunoassay method for detection of HTLV antibodies using the antigens of the invention. Also the use of HTLV p24 antigens in an in vitro diagnostic assay as well as a reagent kit for detection of anti-HTLV-antibodies comprising said HTLV antigens is encompassed.




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A chronic renal disease diagnostic kit

This invention publicizes a chronic renal disease diagnostic kit, comprised of FGF23 monoclonal antibody, biotin labeling reagent Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin, PBS buffer solution (pH7.0, 0.1M), casein saline solution, streptomycin avidin and substrate TMB. The labeling condition is the weight ratio of FGF23 antibody and Sulfo-NHS-LC-Biotin, which is 1:5-1:12. The dilution ratio of streptomycin avidin is 1:3000. The lowest testing threshold limit value of FGF23 kit is 10 pg/ml, whose sensitivity is 10 times higher than that of common monoclonal antibody, which is very significant for early diagnose of chronic renal disease.




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PERSONALIZED THERAPY OF INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED CANCER USING METHODS OF ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A SUBJECT TO THE TREATMENT WITH EGFR INHIBITORS/ANTAGONISTS

The present invention relates to in vitro methods of assessing the susceptibility or responsiveness of a subject to the treatment with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor/antagonist, wherein the subject has been diagnosed or suspected of suffering from inflammation-associated. These methods comprise determining the level of expression of EGFR in myeloid cells in a sample from the subject, wherein an expression of EGFR in the myeloid cells is indicative of the subject being susceptible to the treatment with an EGFR inhibitor/antagonist. The invention also relates to EGFR inhibitors/antagonists for use in the treatment or amelioration of inflammation-associated cancer. The invention furthermore provides in vitro methods of prognosing the survival time, progression-free survival time or disease course of a subject that has been diagnosed or suspected of suffering from from inflammation-associated cancer. In addition thereto, the invention relates to in vitro diagnostic methods of assessing the proneness of a subject to develop inflammation-associated cancer in which the expression of EGFR is determined in myeloid cells from the subject.




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METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND METHODS OF TREATMENT

The present invention provides an approach for the determination of the activation states of a plurality of proteins in single cells. This approach permits the rapid detection of heterogeneity in a complex cell population based on activation states, expression markers and other criteria, and the identification of cellular subsets that exhibit correlated changes in activation within the cell population. Moreover, this approach allows the correlation of cellular activities or properties. In addition, the use of modulators of cellular activation allows for characterization of pathways and cell populations. Several exemplary diseases that can be analyzed using the invention include AML, MDS, and MPN.




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DIAGNOSTIC OF CHRONIC MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CMML) BY FLOW CYTOMETRY

The present invention relates to an in vitro method of diagnosing chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in a subject, said method comprising the steps of: a) Detecting a monocyte population in a biological sample from said subject; b) Quantifying the CD14+/CD16− monocytes in said biological sample; c) Comparing the value of step b) to a reference value; and d) Diagnosing CMML based on said comparison. Preferably, said detecting step a) is performed by an exclusion gating strategy by flow cytometry.




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MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THERAPEUTIC/PROPHYLACTIC TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER

A method to detect prostate cancer comprising contacting a sample of prostate cells from the patient with a set of detectably labeled probes under hybridization conditions and determining the presence of chromosomal abnormalities in prostate tumor tissue, PIN (intra-epithelial neoplasia), histologically benign tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); a method to combine immunofluorescence and FISH (IF-FISH) to facilitate the assessment of chromosomal abnormalities; a set of probes; and a kit comprising the set of probes and instructions for diagnosing prostate cancer in a patient.




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METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF CANCER

We have discovered a protein in humans, herein referred to as collagen like gene (CLG) product (SEQ ID NOS: 12 and 13), that is expressed in human prostate cancer and breast cancer cell lines but not in normal adult, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney or pancreas tissues. We have also discovered that the level of CLG mRNA expression correlates positively with the metastatic potential of the cancer cell lines tested.




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METHOD TO IDENTIFY AN APPROACH FOR ACHIEVING MAMMALIAN FERTILIZATION AND TIME PERIOD FOR INSEMINATION

The diagnosis of male infertility is based predominantly on the results of standard semen analysis for concentration, total motility, progressive motility, volume, pH, viscosity and/or morphology. When sperm enter the female reproductive tract, they must undergo a series of physiological changes, known as capacitation, in order to fertilize an egg. This process involves plasma membrane changes that occur in response to stimuli within the female tract. These changes include removal of sterols and redistribution of the ganglioside GM1. Semen analysis identifies only half the cases of male infertility due to standard semen analysis providing little information on sperm functional competence. Previous data demonstrated that localization of the ganglioside, GM1, identifies sub-populations of sperm capable of undergoing the functional maturation process known as capacitation and tracks strongly with fertility.




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Methylated Peptides Derived from Tau Protein and their Antibodies for Diagnosis and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease

In sporadic Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary lesion formation is preceded by extensive post-translational modification of the microtubule associated protein tau. Immunoassays have been developed recently that detect tau in biological specimens, thus providing a means for pre-mortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, which has remained elusive. These assays have been improved by the analysis of relevant post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, however opportunity for improvement remains. The present invention addresses this issue by disclosing synthetic methylated peptides derived from the tau protein of paired helical filaments and non-diseased control brain. Alzheimer's disease specificity is provided by the presence or absence of methyl moieties on lysine residues and differences between mono-, di-, and tri-methylation. The methylated peptide is useful as an antigen and a binding partner for identifying compounds that interact with the peptide and the methylated tau protein, including antibodies that can distinguish non-diseased brain from that affected by Alzheimer's disease. The resulting antibodies are useful diagnostically and therapeutically. The compounds that specifically bind to methylated tau proteins are useful for eliminating abnormally methylated tau.




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SEPARATING AND QUANTIFYING THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE AND PYRIDOXAL 5-PHOSPHATE IN HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD

The present disclosure provides robust, high-throughput, and clinically applicable methods for simultaneously separating and quantifying the biologically active forms of Vitamin B1 (TPP) and Vitamin B6 (PLP) from human whole blood.




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Reem's California Has Closed


Noted restaurateur Reem Assil has decided to close her Fruitvale restaurant, Reem's California.

"From the bottom of our hearts, we'd like to thank everyone who has supported us in keeping our humble oakland restaurant operation a force in our community.…




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Siamo Tutti Uniti

This month alone, Oakland-based, family-owned Mr. Espresso has already donated more than 2,500 pounds of coffee to Bay Area COVID-19 relief efforts.




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Benchmark Pizzeria Has Closed Permanently


Benchmark Pizzeria in Old Oakland has closed permanently.

A notice now posted at the restaurant's website, addressed "to our Friends, Regulars, and Supporters," reads:

"We have made the very tough decision to close Benchmark Oakland permanently.…




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California Intends to Declare BPA a Reproductive Hazard

California today announced its intent to declare bisphenol A a reproductive hazard. Under a state law known as Prop 65, warning signs would be required for consumer items that contain a certain high level of BPA.…




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Books To Read While Social Distancing

A reading list specifically appropriate to these trying times. Okay, you're stuck in the house, but is it really that awful? OK, probably.…




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MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION ENCAPSULATION USING HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL

Embodiments are directed to an electromagnetic memory device having a memory cell and an encapsulation layer formed over the memory cell. The memory cell may include a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), and the encapsulation layer may be formed from a layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Amorphous silicon improves the coercivity of the MTJ but by itself is conductive. Adding hydrogen to amorphous silicon passivates dangling bonds of the amorphous silicon, thereby reducing the ability of the resulting hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer to provide a parasitic current path to the MTJ. The hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer may be formed using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, which can be tuned to enable a hydrogen level of approximately 10 to approximately 20 percent. By keeping subsequent processing operations at or below about 400 Celsius, the resulting layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon can maintain its hydrogen level of approximately 10 to 20 percent.




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POLYMER, ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE MATERIAL INCLUDING THE SAME, AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE MATERIAL

A polymer comprising a first repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, groups and variables are the same as described in the specification.




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Organic Electroluminescent Materials and Devices

Host materials with pentafluorophenyl substitution are described. These compounds are designed for, and used for hosting aza substituted dopants that may be susceptible to intramolecular deprotonation. In addition, the fluorinated substitution aids with electron transport within the emissive layer.




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Organic Electroluminescent Materials and Devices

Compounds containing indolocathazole, and aromatic and/or heteroaromatic building blocks, are disclosed in this application. These compounds are useful for application in organic electroluminescent devices.




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SLOTTED INJECTOR FOR AXIAL FUEL STAGING

An axial fuel staging injector for a gas turbine includes a body. The body includes an upstream end and a downstream end. The body defines a primary compressed air flow path through which compressed air flows from a compressed air source to a transition duct of a gas turbine combustor. The body includes a plurality of outlets disposed on an interior surface thereof. Each outlet of the plurality of outlets includes a secondary fuel conduit in fluid communication with a secondary fuel source, and includes a first wall that defines a secondary fuel path. The secondary compressed air conduit is in fluid communication with a compressed air source, and includes a second wall disposed about the first wall in a substantially coannular arrangement, wherein the first wall and the second wall define a secondary compressed air flow path. Each outlet is configured to inject a secondary fuel and compressed air into the primary compressed air flow path in a direction transverse to the primary compressed air flow path forming a fuel-air mixture.




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DUAL VOLUTE TURBOCHARGER TO OPTIMIZE PULSE ENERGY SEPARATION FOR FUEL ECONOMY AND EGR UTILIZATION VIA ASYMMETRIC DUAL VOLUTES

A product for use in a turbocharger system. A turbine housing may define a center core that is circular in shape with a circumference. The turbine housing may define a first volute that extends for a length around only a part of the circumference of the center core, and a second volute that may be positioned radially outside the first volute and that may extend entirely around the circumference of the center core. The first volute and the second volute may define first and second exhaust gas passages through the turbine housing that may be asymmetric. All points of the second volute may be radially outside the first volute from the center core over the entire length of the first volute.




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CONDUCTIVE SURFACING MATERIAL FOR COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

An electrically conductive surfacing material capable of providing sufficient conductivity for lightning strike protection (LSP) and/or electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is disclosed. The conductive surfacing material is a multi-layered structure having a very thin conductive layer (e.g. solid metal foil) and a resin film formed on at least one surface of the conductive layer. The resin film is formed from a curable resin composition containing an epoxy novolac resin, a tri-functional or tetra-functional epoxy resin, ceramic microspheres, a latent amine-based curing agent, particulate inorganic fillers; and a toughening component. Optionally, the resin film further includes conductive additives to increase electrical conductivity of the surfacing material. The resin film exhibits high Tg as well as high resistance to paint stripper solutions. Furthermore, the conductive surfacing material is suitable for co-curing with fiber-reinforced resin composite substrates.




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METHOD OF VERIFYING REMOVAL OF A PEEL PLY MATERIAL FROM A COMPOSITE STRUCTURE AND DOPED PEEL PLY ASSEMBLY

A method of verifying removal of peel ply material from a composite structure is provided. The method includes doping a layer of peel ply fabric with an identifier. The method also includes curing the composite structure with the layer of peel ply fabric disposed on a surface of the composite structure. The method further includes removing the layer of peel ply fabric from the surface. The method yet further includes scanning the surface of the composite structure for the identifier.




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METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING A MATERIAL ONTO ARTICLES USING A TRANSFER COMPONENT THAT DEFLECTS ON BOTH SIDES

Apparatuses and methods for applying a transfer material onto the surface of an article are disclosed, including apparatuses and methods of transfer printing on and/or decorating three-dimensional articles, as well as the articles printed and/or decorated thereby. In some cases, the apparatuses and methods involve providing a deposition device, such as a printing device; providing a transfer component; depositing a material onto a portion of the transfer component with the deposition device; modifying the portion of the transfer component with the transfer material thereon to conform the transfer component to at least a portion of the surface of the three-dimensional article; and transferring the transfer material onto the surface of the article.




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METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING MATERIAL WITH ADHESIVE ONTO ARTICLES WITH A DIFFERENCE IN DEGREE OF CURING BETWEEN THE MATERIAL AND ADHESIVE

Apparatuses and methods for applying a transfer material onto the surface of an article are disclosed, including apparatuses and methods of transfer printing on and/or decorating three-dimensional articles, as well as the articles printed and/or decorated thereby. In some cases, the apparatuses and methods involve providing a deposition device, such as a printing device; providing a transfer component; depositing a material onto a portion of the transfer component with the deposition device; modifying the portion of the transfer component with the transfer material thereon to conform the transfer component to at least a portion of the surface of the three-dimensional article; and transferring the transfer material onto the surface of the article.




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METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR LAMINATION OF RIGID SUBSTRATES BY SEQUENTIAL APPLICATION OF VACUUM AND MECHANICAL FORCE

Method and apparatus for lamination of substrates, e.g. rigid plastic layers, to manufacture laminated products. The methods include the sequential application of vacuum and mechanical force through a two-stroke process performed by a lamination apparatus having one or more force-producing stroke cylinders. Actuation of a cylinder to produce a first stroke creates a sealed chamber within the apparatus, enclosing a stack of substrates to be laminated. The sealed chamber may be evacuated of air by application of a vacuum. Subsequent actuation of a cylinder to produce a second stroke applies mechanical force to the sealed chamber, which compresses the substrates into a laminated product substantially free of air bubbles or voids.




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MULTI-LAYER GAS BARRIER MATERIALS FOR VACUUM INSULATED STRUCTURE

A method of forming a vacuum insulated refrigerator cabinet structure includes providing a multi-layer sheet of material comprising at least one layer of barrier material that is disposed between first and second outer structural layers. The barrier material and the first and second outer layers comprise thermoplastic polymers. The multi-layer sheet of material is thermoformed to form a non-planar first component having a central portion and four sidewalls extending transversely from the central portion. The method further includes securing a second component having a central portion and four sidewalls extending transversely from the central portion to the first component to form an interior space therebetween. Porous filler material is positioned in the interior space, and a vacuum is formed in the interior space. The first and second components are sealed together to form a vacuum insulated refrigerator cabinet structure.




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Variable Refrigerant Package

A variable refrigerant package air conditioner is shown that is easy to install in new construction with a unique base that causes collected mixture that overflows to drain outside the building. A control system is shown that has motors and compressor that are pulse width modulated so the air conditioner is infinitely variable while maintaining the highest possible power factor. Dehumidification of outside air occurs as it is mixed with inside air. By gradually approaching a temperature set point and even reheating after dehumidification, moisture is removed from the room.




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FLEXIBLE MODULAR HIERARCHICAL ADAPTIVELY CONTROLLED ELECTRONIC-SYSTEM COOLING AND ENERGY HARVESTING FOR IC CHIP PACKAGING, PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS, SUBSYSTEMS, CAGES, RACKS, IT ROOMS, AND DATA CENTERS USING QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS

A system for adaptive cooling and energy harvesting comprising at least one thermoelectric device capable of acting as a thermoelectric cooler and as a thermoelectric generator, a hierarchical multiple-level control system, and electronics controlled by the control system and connected to the thermoelectric device. The electronics selectively configure the thermoelectric device in at least in a thermoelectric cooler operating mode and in a thermoelectric generation operating mode. The thermoelectric device can incorporate quantum-process and quantum-well materials for higher heat transfer and thermoelectric generation efficiencies. The invention provides for thermoelectric devices to additionally operate in temperature sensing mode. The hierarchical control system can comprise a plurality of control system, each of which can operate in isolation and can be interconnected with additional subsystems associated with other hierarchical levels. The hierarchical control system can comprise linear (additive) control, bilinear (additive and multiplicative) control, nonlinear control, and hysteresis.




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Change is still to come for the UK - Ian Murray gives his verdict on the No vote in Scotland

Despite a surge in support for independence in the last few weeks, the Better Together campaign came through with a majority sufficient to put to bed the question of independence for Scotland, at least for now.




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Meon Valley, a perfect backdrop for your special day

Set in 225 wooded acres in the rolling Hampshire countryside just north of Fareham, Meon Valley offers 2 beautifully designed banqueting rooms for both Civil Wedding Ceremonies and Wedding Breakfasts.










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CLOTHING ARTICLES ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR AQUATIC ACTIVITIES

Clothing articles (e.g., aquatic “board” shorts) are generally comprised of at least one unitary woven fabric panel having multiple seamlessly adjacent different fabric weave sections. These seamlessly adjacent different fabric weave sections may be selected from plain fabric weaves, twill fabric weaves and/or Dobby fabric weaves. Aquatic activity shorts are provided which include a one piece rear fabric panel providing a seamless back rise.




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COLOR-CODED ACCESSORIES INDICATING A MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF A PATIENT AND ENHANCING PATIENT SAFETY

The present invention provides color-coded accessories such as wristbands, bibs, and other patient wearables, color-coded pillows and pillow cases, and a universal chart wherein the color code is associated with a specific medical diagnosis. These accessories alert healthcare providers to the medical diagnosis of the patient and enhance patient safety by reducing medical errors during administration of treatments and medicines to the patients. These accessories also provide protection to healthcare providers assisting them to identify diagnostic categories and alerting them to take proper precautions with patients, for example those with infectious diseases, thereby decreasing or preventing transmission of infectious diseases.




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EMERGENCY ANTI-HYPOTHERMIA SYSTEM AND HIGHLY PORTABLE, INFLATABLE EMERGENCY VEST THEREFOR

An emergency anti-hypothermia system has a thermally insulating vest that is sufficiently portable to be carried for emergency use in a pocket, purse, backpack, compartment of a vehicle, ski pole or other location, with the vest providing thermal insulation by being made with thermally insulating air impervious material that also provides for its inflation. A multiplicity of interconnected inflated chambers situated about the vest, provides thermal insulation by anti-conduction, anti-radiation and anti-convection in a highly portable system. An outer surface having radar reflective properties further improves visibility of the vest.




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Footwear Auxiliaries for Synchronously Toning Leg Muscles in Order to Straighten Back Posture

A footwear effects toning of the leg muscles. It includes two soles and a redress mechanism contained within each of the soles for redressing the positions of the soles, in order to adjust corresponding feet positions by toning the leg muscles. A shock absorbing pebble for use within the soles, includes an elastic membrane that deforms under pressure, and that defines two chambers that are connected by means of a gas permeable membrane. In a balanced position, the first chamber is filled with a mixture of gas along with fluid, and the second chamber is filled with gas. As an external force is applied to the membrane, gas molecules are forced into the second chamber, inflating it until equilibrium is achieved, thus dampening the external force.