Japan’s agriculture sector has traditionally been characterised by small-scale rice production, but has recently begun to respond to new market opportunities for higher value food products across a rapidly growing East Asia. Today, rice represents less than 20% of the value of agriculture production, and larger, more productive, and more profitable farm businesses now account for more than half of total agriculture output.

Fossil-fuel subsidies are environmentally harmful, costly, and distortive. After a 3 years downward trend between 2013 and 2016, government support for fossil fuel production and use has risen again, in a threat to efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, and the transition to cleaner and cheaper energy.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Japan remained the same at 32.7 percentage points between 2018 and 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Japan had the 26th lowest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.

Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa increased to 3490.92 ZAR Million in March from 2608.19 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa averaged 2920.53 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4194.88 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 1704.27 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco.

Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa increased to 2612.43 ZAR Million in March from 2292.20 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa averaged 2502.29 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3674.84 ZAR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 1707.09 ZAR Million in June of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco.

Temperature in Myanmar decreased to 19.32 celsius in December from 22.17 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Myanmar averaged 22.93 celsius from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 27.37 celsius in May of 2010 and a record low of 16.40 celsius in January of 1974. This page includes a chart with historical data for Myanmar Average Temperature.

Precipitation in Myanmar decreased to 18.73 mm in December from 45.24 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Myanmar averaged 160.36 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 749.12 mm in August of 1939 and a record low of 0.40 mm in January of 1940. This page includes a chart with historical data for Myanmar Average Precipitation.

Temperature in Andorra decreased to 7.08 celsius in December from 9.76 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Andorra averaged 11.21 celsius from 1743 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 24.31 celsius in August of 2003 and a record low of -0.92 celsius in January of 1766. This page includes a chart with historical data for Andorra Average Temperature.

Precipitation in Andorra decreased to 1.78 mm in December from 66.44 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Andorra averaged 65.99 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 213.75 mm in May of 1977 and a record low of 1.49 mm in January of 1993. This page includes a chart with historical data for Andorra Average Precipitation.

Austria should eliminate subsidies which encourage early retirement and target social transfers more effectively, according to the OECD’s latest economic survey.

This spotlight report draws upon the OECD report Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Austria increased by 0.3 percentage points from 47.6 in 2018 to 47.9 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Austria had the 4th highest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.

Precipitation in Uruguay increased to 170.49 mm in December from 97.45 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Uruguay averaged 100.76 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 358.54 mm in February of 2010 and a record low of 7.70 mm in August of 1948. This page includes a chart with historical data for Uruguay Average Precipitation.

Temperature in Uruguay increased to 22.85 celsius in December from 19.52 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Uruguay averaged 17.17 celsius from 1832 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 25.83 celsius in January of 1997 and a record low of 8.20 celsius in June of 1916. This page includes a chart with historical data for Uruguay Average Temperature.

The benchmark interest rate in Uruguay was last recorded at 14.30 percent. Interest Rate in Uruguay averaged 26.78 percent from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 173.90 percent in October of 2002 and a record low of 9.30 percent in July of 2007. The Central Bank of Uruguay abandoned the use of a single benchmark interest rate in 2013 to fight inflation and instead it started using money supply variables to guide policy. This page provides - Uruguay Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Temperature in Morocco decreased to 12.55 celsius in December from 15.06 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Morocco averaged 17.63 celsius from 1787 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 28.91 celsius in July of 2009 and a record low of 7.12 celsius in January of 1848. This page includes a chart with historical data for Morocco Average Temperature.

Precipitation in Morocco decreased to 2.47 mm in December from 8.07 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Morocco averaged 27.18 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 126.11 mm in December of 1996 and a record low of 0 mm in July of 1980. This page includes a chart with historical data for Morocco Average Precipitation.

G20 finance ministers have agreed new principles on financial consumer protection developed by the OECD. “Without consumer trust and confidence we could jeopardise the basis for global economic recovery and growth,” said OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría.

This seminar aimed to advance shared understandings on policies to make the most of cross-border capital flows in support of growth and development and on the value of international co-operation, including the OECD Codes of Liberalisation, in the current context of serious global financial turbulence.

This study models the distance-to-default (DTD) of a large sample of banks from 2004 to 2011 and examines the results from the perspective of policy approaches that aim to reduce the riskiness of banks.

The management of operational risk is at the heart of efficient government, but countries often fail to apply good or even routine operational risk management practices and have difficulty in understanding how to put the processes in place. This paper sets out a widely-applicable and relevant policy approach and management framework and illustrates its practical application in Turkey.

This statement by Adrian Blundell-Wignall and Paul Atkinson was presented to the German Bundestag's Finance Committee Hearing on the Draft Bank-Separation Law (Drucksache 17/12601) on 22 April 2013.

Jointly developed by the IMF, World Bank, EBRD, and the OECD, this report analyses the main elements necessary to deepen domestic bond markets in emerging and developing economies.

Discussions at this event focused on enhancing transparency in public debt management, the impact of tapering and exit on public debt management, and the role of DMOs in centralised or integrated risk management.

This article provides a framework for analysing the character and degree of ownership engagement by institutional investors. There are large differences in ownership engagement between different categories of institutional investors. There are also differences in ownership engagement within the same category of institutional investors such as hedge funds, investment funds, etc.

As the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) approach their expiry date, we must focus our efforts on ensuring a brighter, more inclusive and sustainable future for all. We face a plethora of common issues: growing inequalities; changing consumption patterns and population dynamics; increasing natural resource scarcity; and ongoing illicit financial flows.

Low growth, low interest rates and low returns on investment linked to the slow global economy are now compounding the problems of population ageing for both public and private pension systems, according to a new OECD report.

“Why do financial institutions and investors see so little risk, while companies investing in the real economy see so much risk?” This is perhaps the most important question facing policy makers today. This paper sets out some of the possible hypotheses for lack of investment in the world economy. It uses data drawn from 10 000 global companies in 75 advanced and emerging countries.

The global economy continues to run at low speed and many countries, particularly in Europe, seem unable to overcome the legacies of the crisis. With high unemployment, high inequality and low trust still weighing heavily, it is imperative to swiftly implement reforms that boost demand and employment and raise potential growth.

This report responds to a request from the G20 that the IMF and OECD assess whether further work is needed on their respective approaches to measures which are both macro-prudential and capital flow measures, taking into account their individual mandates. The report was transmitted to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at their meeting on 16-17 April 2015 in Washington D.C.

In a historic visit by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang to the OECD in Paris, the People’s Republic of China today decided to enhance longstanding collaboration with the OECD and to join the OECD Development Centre.

Addis Ababa - Part of the 3rd International Conference on Financing for Development, this event explored strategies to leverage Africa’s pension funds and other sources of private financing to develop Africa’s infrastructure. Ways to improve the investment climate in Africa using the recently updated Policy Framework for Investment were also be addressed.

This article addresses the potential implications of climate change for the financial management of disaster risks. It outlines the contribution of insurance to reducing the economic disruption of disaster events and policy approaches to supporting the penetration of disaster insurance coverage and the capacity of insurance markets to absorb disaster risks.

This publication applies the lessons from the OECD’s analysis of disaster risk financing practices and the development of guidance to the specific case of floods. This report provides an overview of the approaches that economies facing various levels of flood risk and economic development have taken to managing the financial impacts of floods.

Further structural reforms are needed to help the business sector boost productivity growth and overcome the key challenges of sluggish investment in advanced economies and excess capacity in emerging economies, according to a new OECD report.

Certain growth-promoting policies can have negative side-effects by increasing the vulnerability of economies to financial crises. Typical examples are greater openness to financial flows or more liberalised financial markets.

This working paper explores the role of public debt managers in contingent liability management based on the results of a background OECD survey and the information provided by seven task force countries. The results indicate that there are certain roles and responsibilities assumed by the public debt managers in this field, while the degree of involvement differs widely across countries.

This report discusses the implications of the digitalisation of finance for financial education and relevant consumer protection issues and provides an overview of digital financial services around the world.

Around one in four students in the 15 countries and economies* that took part in the latest OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test of financial literacy are unable to make even simple decisions on everyday spending, while only one in ten can understand complex issues, such as income tax.

21 June 2017, Paris: Co-organised by the International Network for Pensions, Aging, and Retirement Research (INPARR), the OECD and IOPS, this seminar provided a window into the latest thinking and research that sheds light on where pension plans and designs are headed in the future and challenges to their future sustainability and efficiency.

This report provides a series of policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the contribution of the cyber insurance market to managing this increasingly prevalent risk. The report examines the current state of the market and the obstacles that are impeding the market from reaching its full potential

This publication applies the lessons from the OECD’s analysis of disaster risk financing practices and the development of guidance to the specific case of earthquakes. This report provides an overview of the approaches that economies facing various levels of earthquake risk and economic development have taken to managing the financial impacts of earthquakes.

The increasingly digital environment for financial products and services and the potential for digitalisation to support greater financial inclusion and inclusive growth, makes effective financial consumer protection more important than ever. This policy guidance focuses on areas related to the role of oversight bodies and disclosure and transparency.

A new OECD report, the 2018 Business and Finance Outlook, highlights a number of major risks having the potential to disrupt global economic growth. It notes that the gradual normalisation of monetary policy in an environment of growing debt will be a major test of whether the Basel III regulatory reforms have achieved their goal of ensuring safety and soundness in the financial system.

This report makes use of a unique set of data on premiums and claims provided by global reinsurance companies to examine the contribution that reinsurance has made to enhancing the capacity of the primary insurance market to manage catastrophe risk and to reducing the economic and insurance market disruption that often follows catastrophic events.

23-24 April 2019, Paris - Debates at the 2019 Global Forum focused on the funding environment, the role of borrowing instruments in broadening the investor base, technological advances in finance for government bond markets and challenging debt dynamics.

GDP From Agriculture in Nepal increased to 267458 NPR Million in 2018 from 254673.10 NPR Million in 2017. GDP From Agriculture in Nepal averaged 208699.90 NPR Million from 2001 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 267458 NPR Million in 2018 and a record low of 158416.88 NPR Million in 2001. This page provides - Nepal Gdp From Agriculture- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Fighting foreign bribery is not a priority in Belgium. Together with the flagrant lack of resources for Belgian law enforcement authorities, this has resulted in very few foreign bribery investigations and prosecutions. In the 14 years since the entry into force of the foreign bribery offence in Belgium, only one case of bribery of foreign public officials has been concluded.

The tax wedge for the average single worker in Belgium decreased by 0.5 percentage points from 52.7 in 2018 to 52.2 in 2019. The OECD average tax wedge in 2019 was 36.0 (2018, 36.1). In 2019 Belgium had the highest tax wedge among the 36 OECD member countries, occupying the same position in 2018.

Temperature in Malawi decreased to 25.56 celsius in December from 25.97 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Malawi averaged 21.45 celsius from 1850 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 26.17 celsius in November of 1957 and a record low of 15.83 celsius in July of 1907. This page includes a chart with historical data for Malawi Average Temperature.