Effective ventilation is fundamental to successful resuscitation of newborns, but face mask leak and airway obstruction are common during manual positive-pressure ventilation in the delivery room, which may compromise resuscitation.

Compared with a soft, round silicone face mask, using a nasal tube to provide respiratory support in the delivery room does not reduce the rate of intubation but may be a suitable alternative with equivocal efficacy. (Read the full article)

Previous research on potential deleterious effects of typically developing children growing up in households with children with disability has produced mixed results. Research methods have been cited as a problem in many studies.

This is the largest known empirical study comparing functional impairment in siblings living with a child with disability and siblings residing with children who are typically developing. This study also follows the trajectory of functional impairment across 2 measurement periods. (Read the full article)

At the time of their pediatric medical evaluation, patients with functional abdominal pain (FAP) have higher levels of emotional symptoms compared with youth without FAP. No controlled prospective study has evaluated psychiatric outcomes for FAP patients in adulthood.

This prospective study showed that pediatric FAP was associated with high risk of anxiety disorders in adolescence and young adulthood. Risk was highest if abdominal pain persisted, but was significantly higher than in controls even if pain resolved. (Read the full article)

Previous studies have reported that former late preterm infants are at increased risk for future learning and behavioral problems; thus it has been suggested that their development be closely monitored.

This population-based study indicates that the risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities may not be higher in former late preterm infants, and therefore intensive neurodevelopmental follow-up may not be required for all late preterm infants. (Read the full article)

Approximately 50% of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at <7 years of age in the community do not meet criteria for ADHD over time. There is a need to examine predictors of diagnostic stability in young children with ADHD.

Predictors of diagnostic stability from early to middle childhood include child’s baseline externalizing and internalizing symptoms, parental history of psychopathology, and socioeconomic status. These predictors may guide treatment planning at the time of ADHD diagnosis. (Read the full article)

Scabies is a frequent cause of consultation and has recently been classified as a neglected disease. The clinical presentation seems to be linked with age, although no specific study has aimed to delineate the clinical spectrum of scabies in infants and children.

Scabies in infants and children has distinct clinical features. This prospective observational study found that infants were more likely to have relapse, nodules, and to present involvement with extremities, face, and scalp, arguing for specific cares in this age group. (Read the full article)

Passive or opt-out consent has been successfully used to recruit subjects in several investigational studies. However, institutional review boards are often inconsistent in their application of federal regulations regarding passive consent.

This study documented the variability among 24 local institutional review boards in their application of federal regulations regarding passive consent and parental acceptance of a passive consent strategy in a multicenter pediatric study. (Read the full article)

Mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities often experience poor health, high stress, anxiety, and depression. Highly stressed parents are less effective in their parenting roles, risking their children's developmental progress.

Evidence-based interventions in mindfulness and positive psychology significantly reduce distress in mothers of children with disabilities. Well-trained peer-mentors are effective interventionists. Adult-oriented services are needed for these mothers to improve their mental health and sustain their caregiving over the long-term. (Read the full article)

The prevalence of disability in childhood has been on the rise for the past several decades. Children living in poverty are more likely to have chronic health conditions and experience disabilities.

The percentage of children with disabilities rose 16% between 2001 and 2011. Economically disadvantaged children had the highest rates of disability, but economically advantaged children experienced greater increases in disability. Disability due to neurodevelopmental or mental health conditions rose substantially. (Read the full article)

Parental smoking cessation helps eliminate children’s exposure to tobacco smoke. A child’s visit to the doctor provides a teachable moment for parental smoking cessation. Effective strategies to help parents quit smoking are available for implementation.

Evidence-based outpatient intervention for parents who smoke can be delivered successfully after the initial implementation. Maximizing parental quit rates in the pediatric context will require more complete and sustained systems-level integration. (Read the full article)

In 2000/2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics published recommendations for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care. According to pediatricians’ self-report of adoption of these guidelines, community-based ADHD care appears to be marginally adequate.

Using reviews of >1500 patient charts, this study demonstrates that community-based ADHD care is not consistent with evidence-based practice. Furthermore, variability in much of community-based ADHD care is unrelated to the provider, suggesting that innovative, system-wide interventions are needed to improve ADHD care. (Read the full article)

Children who suffer abusive head trauma (AHT) have lasting health and development problems. AHT can reduce life expectancy dramatically. AHT’s contribution to the burden of disease has been estimated only as part of a broad category of intentional injury.

The DALY burden of a severe AHT case averages 80% of the burden of death, with most survivors dying before age 21 years. Even mild AHT is extremely serious, with lasting sequelae that exceed the DALY burden of a severe burn. (Read the full article)

Previous research has established steep socioeconomic status gradients in children’s cognitive ability at kindergarten entry. Few studies have had comprehensive data to examine the contribution of a wide range of risk and protective factors across early childhood to these gradients.

Family background, health, home learning, parenting, and early care and education factors explain over half the gaps in reading and math ability between US children in the lowest versus highest socioeconomic status quintiles, suggesting a need for comprehensive early interventions. (Read the full article)

Early parenting programs benefit children’s development in low- and middle-income countries. However, the extent to which these interventions have a positive impact on parenting skills and their emotional availability is less studied.

An early child development intervention using play and communication activities to promote caregivers’ responsiveness can improve mother–child interactions, caregiving environment, caregiving practices pertaining to development and feeding, and, in combination with a nutrition intervention, support maternal emotional well-being. (Read the full article)

The routine childhood immunization schedule is crowded during the first 2 years, leading to deferred doses and limiting the addition of new vaccines. Combination vaccines can reduce the "shot burden" and improve coverage rates and timeliness.

Antibody response rates to antigens contained in an investigational hexavalent vaccine (DTaP5-IPV-Hib-HepB) were noninferior to licensed comparator vaccines when given as a 3-dose infant series. The safety profile was similar to control except for increased rates of mild-to-moderate, self-limited fever. (Read the full article)

Electronic cigarette use among youth is rising exponentially. Among other concerns, modified electronic cigarettes can be used to vaporize cannabis. However, no scientific data have been published on the rates of using electronic cigarettes to vaporize cannabis among youth.

This study presents rates of vaporizing cannabis among a sample of high school students (N = 3847). Rates of vaporizing cannabis were high among lifetime e-cigarette users (18.0%), lifetime cannabis users (18.4%), and lifetime dual cannabis and e-cigarette users (26.5%). (Read the full article)

Neurodevelopmental outcomes after cardiac surgery in early life provide critical information for understanding and improving care. Studies show these children are at risk for arterial ischemic stroke and acquired brain injury; further characterization of motor impairment is needed.

This study focuses on the presence of chronic neuromotor disabilities including cerebral palsy and motor impairments after acquired brain injury in children surviving early complex cardiac surgery, providing information on the frequency, characteristics, and predictors that may assist in prevention. (Read the full article)

There are no validated claims-based algorithms for identifying children with disabilities (CWD) to facilitate larger-scale studies of care quality for CWD.

This study develops the CWD algorithm, a claims-based algorithm for identifying diagnostic codes with a ≥75% chance of indicating CWD, and triangulates the algorithm against parent report and physician chart abstraction. (Read the full article)

With Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf’s March 25 “Stay at Home” order, Penn State is updating the status of its Abington, Brandywine and Great Valley campuses.

The new Arcade1Up NBA Jam cabinet is the first to feature Wi-Fi internet connectivity, enabling multiplayer with other cabinet owners.

Amid coronavirus-related school closures, advocates worry Education Secretary Betsy DeVos may waive requirements of special education law if Congress signs off. Schools say it's difficult to meet some requirements during the pandemic.

United States President Donald Trump told CBS’s 60 Minutes that he would added pressure on Saudi Arabia, vowing "severe punishment" should the kingdom’s leaders be linked to the disappearance of Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi.

US President Donald trump has suggested that 'rogue killers' may be behind the disappearance of journalist Jamal Khashoggi in Turkey.

An op-ed in Saudi-owned Al Arabiya news has warned of repercussions should the US impose sanctions on Saudi Arabia over the disappearance of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

The approaching elections could be important steps toward reviving democracy in Chad, but only if President Idriss Déby opens political space for the opposition beforehand.

The attempt by Congo and Rwanda to end the deadly conflict in eastern Congo by a secret presidential deal and military force is failing and must be changed fundamentally by the Kinshasa government and the international community.

Le processus électoral hors délai constitutionnel qui se déroule depuis le 23 janvier en Centrafrique n'est pas seulement une nouvelle opportunité manquée pour la démocratisation du pays mais c'est aussi un risque sérieux pour la paix.

Le président sortant vient d'entamer un sixième mandat au Cameroun. Aujourd'hui, le pays est résolument tourné vers l'avenir et pense à l'après-Biya.

Renewed oil interest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) could nurture communal resentments, exacerbate deep-rooted conflict dynamics and weaken national cohesion.

The Kivus region of eastern Congo again faces escalating violence, including by a rebel force acting as a proxy of neighbouring Rwanda. To stop the repetitive cycle of rebellion and avoid large-scale killing, donors and African mediators need to move from crisis management to conflict resolution with the right set of pressures on Kigali and Kinshasa.

To stabilise the Central African Republic (CAR), the transitional government and its international partners need to prioritise, alongside security, action to fight corruption and trafficking of natural resources, as well as revive the economy.

David Figlio and Eduwonkette discuss if today's testing and accountability policies accurately depict student performance and the size of the achievement

The Education Week Research Center looks at student scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress from 2003 to 2015, a period overlapping with the No Child Left Behind Act.

The U.S. Education Department says the states need more evidence to use the popular admissions test to measure high school achievement.

Helen Janc Malone introduces this week's blog theme, "accountability and assessment systems." She writes that at the heart of the current accountability debate is a fundamental question, What is the purpose of all the collected assessment data? Are they an end game or a starting point to educational

If we continue to focus on student growth and improvement as learners, keep track of that progress, and watch its impact on standard test results, will we be able to know if what we are doing is helping students develop as learners and thinkers.

Tedizolid has demonstrated its efficacy and safety in clinical trials, however, data concerning its tolerability in long-term treatments is scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the indications and to describe the long-term safety profile of tedizolid.

A multicentric, retrospective study of patients who received tedizolid for more than 6-days was conducted. Adverse events (AEs) were identified from patients' medical records and laboratory data. The World Health Organization causality categories were used to discern AEs probably associated with tedizolid.

Eighty-one patients, treated with tedizolid 200mg once-daily for a median (IQR) duration of 28 (14-59) days, were included, 36 (44.4%) had previously received linezolid. Most common reasons for selecting tedizolid were to avoid linezolid potential toxicities or interactions (53.1%) or due to previous linezolid-related toxicities (27.2%). Most common indications were off-label, including prosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis and respiratory infections (77.8%). Overall, 9/81 patients (11.1%) experienced a probably associated AE. Two patients (2.5%) developed gastrointestinal disorders, 1 (1.2%) anemia and 6 thrombocytopenia (7.4%) after a median (IQR) duration of treatment of 26.5 (17-58.5) days. Four (5%) patients discontinued tedizolid due to AEs. Among 23 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) the rate of mielotoxicity was 17.4% and only 8.7% had to stop tedizolid and 20 out of 22 with previous linezolid-associated toxicity had no AE.

Long-term tedizolid treatments had good tolerance with rates of gastrointestinal AE and hematological toxicity lower than those reported with linezolid, particularly in patients with CRF and in those with a previous history of linezolid-associated toxicity.

The Penn State Smeal College of Business Center for the Business of Sustainability recently hosted the first in a series of virtual fireside discussions titled “The Impact of Coronavirus on Sustainability and Social Impact,” to explore how recent momentum in sustainability efforts has been altered.

A new plan from Democratic presidential candidate and former special educator Elizabeth Warren touches on some glaring issues in special education: graduation disparities, hard-to-access school buildings, and discipline practices that disproportionately affect black, Latino, and Native American stud

The need for materials, training, guidance from district administrators, and access to staff with expertise in serving students with disabilities is especially acute in schools that serve primarily black and Latino students, a new survey finds.

Rural families are less likely to use special education or early intervention services than children living in urban areas, a new Centers for Disease Control survey reveals.

Amid coronavirus-related school closures, advocates worry Education Secretary Betsy DeVos may waive requirements of special education law if Congress signs off. Schools say it's difficult to meet some requirements during the pandemic.

Coleen A. Boyle
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Vinod K. Bhutani
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Kate Costeloe
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States have made significant progress in providing the public-accountability report cards that the federal Every Student Succeeds Act requires, but many still have a long way to go to make them easily findable and understandable by parents, according to the latest analysis by the Data Quality Campai