The importance of and interest in childhood mental problems have increased worldwide. There are few population studies on child and adolescent mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

A social gradient was found in childhood mental health according to maternal education level and social class, but none was found in HRQoL, although children from disadvantaged social classes had somewhat lower HRQoL scores than their more advantaged counterparts. (Read the full article)

Nationally representative surveys provide insight into overall childhood obesity trends and disparities but do not identify patterns specific to individual states. School-based surveillance is recommended, but it is unclear whether surveillance is helping to identify children at greatest risk.

This study includes 3 consecutive years of surveillance findings to describe within-state spatial and socioeconomic disparities in obesity among elementary-aged children. Implications for states using and considering school-based surveillance to plan preventive interventions are considered. (Read the full article)

Care coordination has been proposed as a key mechanism for increasing quality and reducing costs of care. Little is known about the degree to which disparities exist in care coordination or whether having high-quality primary care attenuates disparities.

A considerable proportion of parents reported unmet care coordination needs for their children, especially parents of children with special health care needs. Black and Latino children also may have more unmet needs because they received family-centered care less often. (Read the full article)

Health care transition services assist youth with special health care needs (YSHCN) in transitioning to adult care without gaps in services or health insurance coverage. Less than half of YSHCN receive anticipatory assistance in this transition; receipt of these services for youth with autism spectrum disorder is unknown.

Youth with autism spectrum disorder receive transition services half as often as youth with special health care needs. Quality of health care is associated with increased receipt of health care transition services. Presence of comorbid conditions decreased receipt of transition services. (Read the full article)

Studies of clinically derived samples of infants with failure to thrive have reported that children remain shorter and lighter than their peers at school-age. Enhanced weight gain ("catch-up") in small infants has been linked to subsequent obesity.

Infants with early weight faltering caught up in weight by 2 years, but height gain remained disproportionally slow. Those with weight faltering later in infancy remained shorter and lighter throughout childhood. Anthropometric outcomes of both groups were within population norms at 13 years. (Read the full article)

Previous studies report Hispanic adults have lower access to rehabilitation services, especially among those who only speak Spanish, and higher disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with non-Hispanic white subjects. No studies have examined disparities in disability after TBI for Hispanic children.

Hispanic children experience disparities in long-term disability after TBI. Compared with non-Hispanic white children, Hispanic children report significantly larger reductions in health-related quality of life, participation in activities, and ability to communicate and care for themselves 3 years after injury. (Read the full article)

Minority children are less likely than white children to be diagnosed and treated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, diagnosis patterns over time in early and middle childhood and whether confounding factors explain these disparities are not currently well understood.

Racial/ethnic disparities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis occur by kindergarten and continue until eighth grade. Racial/ethnic disparities among diagnosed children in medication use occur in both fifth and eighth grades. These disparities are not attributable to confounding factors. (Read the full article)

Health insurance is associated with improved health for children, but gay and lesbian parents face barriers to adding their children to private health insurance. Little is known about the extent to which insurance disparities exist for children with same-sex parents.

Children with same-sex parents are less likely to have private health insurance. When children live in states in which legal same-sex marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, or second-parent adoptions are available, disparities in private insurance diminish for children with same-sex parents. (Read the full article)

A large and growing literature has demonstrated significant associations between the use of spanking and later child aggression, but we know less about paternal spanking, effects of spanking on cognitive development, and longer-term effects.

Accounting for a broad array of risk factors, spanking predicts both aggression and receptive vocabulary across the first decade of life. Importantly, we include paternal spanking, cognitive outcomes, and a longitudinal span longer than that of much of the literature. (Read the full article)

Some studies suggest a contribution of environmental exposures such as pesticides to risk of hypospadias, whereas others do not. One of the challenges that has limited current knowledge is the lack of detailed exposure data.

This study examined a more detailed assessment of exposure to pesticides than previous studies. Exposure assignments, whether to groups of chemicals, specific chemicals, or a composite involving a number of chemicals, showed a general lack of association with hypospadias. (Read the full article)

Age-appropriate child safety seat use in the United States is suboptimal, particularly among children older than 1 year. Minority children have higher rates of inappropriate child safety seat use based on observational studies. Explanations for observed differences include socioeconomic factors.

White parents reported greater use of age-appropriate child safety seats for 1- to 7-year-old children than nonwhite parents. Race remained a significant predictor of age-appropriate restraint use after adjusting for parental education, family income, and information sources. (Read the full article)

Asthma morbidity disproportionately affects racial minorities and disadvantaged children. Differences in socioeconomic status and genetics have been offered as explanations but an in-depth understanding of differences in hardships may better explain disparities and also help to identify intervention targets.

Among children admitted for asthma, African Americans were twice as likely to be readmitted as whites. Nearly half the disparity was explained by socioeconomic status and hardships. Community-based interventions targeting hardships may be more feasible given emerging health care payment reform. (Read the full article)

Parents in disadvantaged households are less likely to book share with their children during early childhood. These children are more likely to enter school with delays in emergent literacy and language skills, apparent as early as the age of 3.

This study examines the effect of parental immigrant status as a predictor of reading and sharing books with children. This research disentangles immigrant status from other variables thought to explain disparities in familial practices related to emergent literacy. (Read the full article)

Previous studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic differences in glycemic control even after adjustment for variables such as insulin dosage, diabetes duration, and socioeconomic status. It is controversial whether genetic, physiologic, cultural, socioeconomic, and/or provider-related factors underlie these disparities.

This study in a large, racially/ethnically diverse sample of children with type 1 diabetes demonstrates that racial disparities in insulin treatment methods and diabetes outcomes remain even after adjustment for socioeconomic status. (Read the full article)

An increasing number of children are unvaccinated at entry into public schools, potentially endangering children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons and threatening herd immunity. Voluntary exemptions from immunizations vary geographically and by parental characteristics.

We find that exemption behavior is highest in peripheral areas of cities and that specific types of student populations are associated with high exemption rates. Additionally, there is spatial overlap between clusters of high personal exemption and medical exemption populations. (Read the full article)

Interactive activities and routines promote early childhood language skills and subsequent educational achievement. Population studies describing parent-child participation in interactive activities and their associations with early child development among vulnerable populations are needed.

Significant disparities exist in parenting practices that promote child development between economically advantaged and disadvantaged parents. Participating in less interactive activities was associated with increased risk of developmental delay among low-income families, suggesting a need to enrich parenting practices. (Read the full article)

Professor of Chemistry Paul Cremer is developing a biosensor platform that could be used to perform real-time, continuous detection of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

To history buffs, the Covid-19 pandemic must seem eerily familiar, says Noah Smith.

Swiss refiner Valcambi SA tried for five straight days last month to move a shipment of gold out of Hong Kong. Twice the metal was packed carefully onto a plane, only to be offloaded again.

Penn State Health today resumed construction of Penn State Health Cocoa Outpatient Center, an expansion of medical services at the former CocoaPlex Center location.

Spain ended Germany's two-year reign as champions to claim their fourth title.

Italy, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Portugal, Spain, Kazakhstan and Russia joined hosts Slovenia in the finals by winning their main round groups while the eight play-off contenders are confirmed.

Holders Spain face neighbours Portugal for the second time in a UEFA Futsal EURO final, putting their title on the line in Ljubljana on Saturday: read the full lowdown, including where to watch.

If you're running out of room on your Apple Watch, get rid of specific apps and content you no longer need. Here's how to free up space from the Watch app and the device.

Spain beat holders Portugal to claim their eighth U19 title, five more than anyone else.

The company's goal is to launch six to eight additional batches of satellites over the next months so that the broadband service has sufficient coverage for the US market.

Spain are a familiar presence in the U21 semi-finals, while France have not featured in the last four since 2006.

Spain take on France in a heavyweight semi-final – here's all you need to know.

Holders Germany face Spain in Udine, Italy in a repeat of the 2017 final.

"This is the moment of truth," says the Spain midfielder ahead of his second U21 EURO final against Germany.

Spain meet Germany in Sunday's U21 EURO final, a rerun of the 2017 showpiece – here's all you need to know.

Fabián Ruiz and Dani Olmo got the goals as Spain overcame Germany 2-1 in the 2019 UEFA Under 21 EURO final.

• La Liga clubs rally to help their local communities
• Atlético Madrid women's player and medical graduate Silvia Meseguer volunteers for local hospital
• Santiago Bernabéu stadium converted into medical supplies centre

Combining a transparent LCD panel, driver-facing camera, and AI facial detection system, the Virtual Visor blocks the sun's glare, not your view of the road.

Source: www.npr.org - Thursday, May 07, 2020
The version published in China Daily omitted a reference to the illness originating in China and spreading to the rest of the world. The piece was published in full on the authors' websites. (Image credit: Jason Lee/Reuters)

All the results and highights from Switzerland as Spain won the Women's U19 title for the second year in a row.

Spain retained the Women's U19 title with a 1-0 win against Germany: the story of their victory in Switzerland.

Spain and Italy will meet in Friday's FIFA Futsal World Cup semi-finals after winning their last-eight encounters, though Ukraine missed out following a defeat by Colombia.

Spain won the all-European semi-final in Bangkok 4-1 against Italy to advance to Sunday's FIFA Futsal World Cup final against holders Brazil, the conquerors of Colombia.

A Neto double, including the extra-time winner 19 seconds from time, secured back-to-back FIFA Futsal World Cup triumphs for Brazil at the expense of regular rivals Spain.

"The moment has finally arrived," said Spain captain Kike as he ended an international career that brought two FIFA Futsal World Cup triumphs and five UEFA Futsal EUROs.

Slovenia's 1-0 first-leg defeat of Spain ended a string of streaks held by the European champions, including 27 straight wins and unbeaten runs of more than a decade.

Azerbaijan have earned a FIFA Futsal World Cup debut after they, Italy, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Russia, Spain and Ukraine came through their play-offs to reach the finals.

Ukraine will take on holders Brazil while European champions Spain have again been matched with Iran in the draw for the 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup final tournament.

Russia and Portugal are through to the FIFA Futsal World Cup semi-finals but Spain and Italy, along with holders Brazil, are among the casualties in the knockouts so far.

A pair of after-school programs in Portland offer high school students a glimpse of what it's like to work in building design and construction.

Espanyol have their work cut out to prolong their first UEFA Europa League campaign thanks to a first-leg hat-trick from Wolves' striker Diogo Jota.

The City of Cape Town has partnered with Barcelona to set up an "entrepreneurship ecosystem".

In a national survey, we dug into how teachers use language to make sense of disparities in student outcomes by race and income level.

As black-white achievement gaps widen in schools, so, too, do disparities in discipline rates between black and white students, according to a study published Wednesday of 2,000 schools.